Genus Phlox (Phlox) na gidan Polemoniaceae ne (Cyanosis) kuma yana da nau'ikan sama da 65. Haihuwar waɗannan tsirrai sune Arewacin Amurka. Dukkan wakilan kwayoyin halittar suna perennials ne, banda na Phlox Drummond, wanda shine shuka na shekara-shekara.
Sunan waɗannan kyawawan furanni waɗanda aka fassara daga Girkanci yana nufin "harshen wuta". Don haka aka sanya wa wannan shuka suna Karl Linnaeus saboda launin ja mai launin furanni a cikin nau'in daji.
Babban bayani
Phloxes, ya danganta da nau'in, na iya samun kafa ɗaya, ko hawa ko hawa mai rarrafe. Tsawonsu ya kai daga 10-20 zuwa 120-150 santimita. Ganyayyaki masu tasowa suna akasin haka, wani lokacin a cikin ɓangaren ɓangaren tushe ana iya shirya su a cikin tsari na gaba. Ganye zai iya samun oval-lanceolate, ovate-elongated ko lanceolate siffar mai kauri mai kauri.
Furanni suna da girman diamita na 2.5 zuwa 4 santimita da kuma nuna paniculate ko corymbose inflorescences. Furanni suna farantawa ido ido tare da launuka iri-iri: fari, ja, shuɗi, shuɗi, Lilac, ja, tare da “ido” a tsakiyar, da dai sauransu fruitsan itacen Phlox su ne kwalliyar kwalliya mai kwalliya tare da ƙananan ƙananan tsaba.
Perennial phlox girma a cikin lambu an samu daga jinsunan daji, da su hybrids. Bayyanar phloxes, da alamuransu na Botanical, suna da bambanci sosai kuma sun sha bamban koda tsakanin jinsuna. Don tsara su, masana kimiyya dole ne su koma ga hanyoyin ilimin halittar jini.
Phlox kusan duniya ne. Ana samun su a cikin mawuyacin yanayin Alaska da Kanada, da kuma a cikin yankuna na kudanci, inda lokacin bazara bai taɓa faruwa ba. Suna girma cikin yanayi a cikin busasshiyar hamada da kuma yanayin yanayi mai zafi.
Bayyanar phlox na daji-kai tsaye ya dogara da wurin da suka girma. Don haka, ire-iren wadannan kalmomin da ke rayuwa a cikin tsaurara da kankara a tsaunin sama da mita 3,500 sama da matakin teku, tsirrai masu karamin karfi wadanda ke yin tururuwa kuma, namu, an rufe su da hula mai fure mai haske. Phloxes suna girma a cikin gandun daji mai laushi (alal misali, phlox splayed) da kuma a cikin gandun daji mai bushe (phlox stolonoposny).
Hakanan zaka iya haɗuwa dasu kusa da koguna, a cikin rami mai ƙasa akan ƙasa mai laushi, haka kuma a cikin bushe bushe, a kan ƙasa mai yashi. Phloxes ya bambanta a cikin halayyar su don haske. Akwai nau'ikan halittu da suka gwammace su yi girma a cikin inuwa, amma akwai wadanda suka fi son girma cikin hasken rana mai haske kuma tare da karancin haske don ƙoshin furanni.
Phloxes suna da bambancin fuska. Mafi yawa daga cikin wakilai suna da m ciyawa mai tushe forming m bushes tare da mai haske da lush inflorescences a kan fi. A cikin wadannan jinsunan, kawai rhizomes tare da buds da ƙananan ɓangarorin mai tushe lokacin hunturu. Phloxes da ke haifar da wadatar daskararru suna da abin rarrafe, suna da tushe mai tushe tare da ganyayyaki masu ƙyalli.
Wadannan nau'ikan suna yin fure a mafi yawan lokuta a cikin lokacin bazara kuma a lokaci guda suna kama da jigon magana mai kama da ruwan hoda, fari, shunayya ko furanni-shuɗi. Akwai kuma bishiyoyin phlox tare da perennial woody mai tushe masu rarrafe a ƙasa.
Furen phlox ya ƙunshi fure 5 kuma yana da siffar murfin turubu. An zana furannin a wani kusurwar dama zuwa bututun kuma suna samar da wutar lantarki mai laushi, wanda zai iya samun tauraro mai kamanni, da sikirin, mai shimfiɗa mai zurfi, ƙyalƙyali, mai kamannin saucer da sauran sifofi. Furanni suna zuwa da launuka iri-iri - a sarari, tare da “idanu”, dige, bugun jini, da inuwa.
Iri da nau'in phlox
Ya danganta da fasalin ilimin halittar halittar jiki, phloxes ya kasu kashi uku:
- Bush;
- Friable;
- Creeping.
Bush Siffar Phlox ta bambanta ƙarin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi 2. Na farko ya hada da tsayi tsirrai, tsayayyen tsayayyen tsayi wanda zai iya kai tsayin santimita 180. Ta hanyar kaka, tushe mai tushe yana ɗaure. Phloxes na wannan rukunin ƙananan furanni a cikin bazara da farkon kaka tare da adadi mai yawa na fure mai ƙanshi, ƙirƙirar inflorescences manyan panicle.
Wakilan ɓangarorin suna da sassauci phlox, phlox tsoro, da tabo na phlox. Secondungiya ta biyu sun haɗa da tsire-tsire masu ƙaramin tsayi tare da madaidaiciya ko haɓaka mai ƙarfi mai tushe, mai tsayi daga 45 zuwa 60 santimita.
Phloxes na wannan ƙaramin reshe na sako-sako da bushes tare da mai sihiri-umbellate ko corymbose inflorescences akan fi mai tushe. Wasu wakilai na iya samun inflorescences wani ɗan gajeriyar panicle ko ƙarancin goga. Wadannan maganganun daji suna da daɗi tare da fure a ƙarshen bazara da farkon bazara.
Wakilan wannan rukunin sub ɗin suna da gashin gashi, Caroline phlox, m phlox, kyakkyawa phlox, da sauransu. Siffar halayyar dukkan tarin tari shine rashin tsagi da kuma yanke gewar corolla petals.
Friable wakilan phloxes sun yi matukar nuna alamun ciyawa tare da dasa shukar furanni da ke fadada daga garesu. Sunan ya kasance saboda gaskiyar cewa tsaransu mai tushe suna haifar da sako-sako da Turf.
Wadannan phloxes suna girma a lokacin bazara ko a farkon bazara. Mafi yawan wakilan wannan rukunin sune stoloiferous phlox da yada phlox.
Creeping wani rukuni na phloxes yana nunawa ta hanyar sakawa, abubuwa masu rarrafe, waɗanda wani lokacin sukan tashi a ƙarshen kuma suna samar da sods da matashin kai da yawa. Ganyen waɗannan maganganun dogaye ne ƙanana, an tattara su cikin buɗaɗɗu a cikin nodes kuma kullun suna da kullun.
Tsire-tsire suna iya zama danda ko kewaya. A ƙarshen tushe mai tushe ne na fure tare da furanni ɗaya ko sama. Creeping phlox blooms a bazara. Shahararrun wakilan sune Holo's phlox, awl-dimlolo phlox, Douglas phlox, snow phlox, dwarf phlox da star phlox.
A lokacin gabatarwar phlox, yawancin nau'ikan iri-iri da iri sun kasance iri, yawancinsu suna samar da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu. Misali, an samar da hybrids Arends phlox ta hanyar tsallake phlox mai firgita tare da yada phlox. An samo asalin farko daga irin wannan gicciye a cikin 1910 ta mai shayarwa J. Arends (saboda haka sunan phlox).
A cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa, an sami ƙarin nau'ikan guda 13, kusan dukkanin waɗanda, rashin alheri, a halin yanzu sun ɓace. Tsarin zamani na Arends phlox hybrids ya ƙunshi nau'ikan da yawa waɗanda suka haɗu da tsawon lokacin fure na panicle paniculata tare da farkon fure na yaduwar phlox.
Phlox dasa da kulawa a cikin ƙasa bude
Phloxes sune tsire-tsire marasa fassara, amma don cimma yalwata da fure mai tsawo, ya zama dole a zabi wurin da ya dace don dasa su. Zai fi kyau shuka tsire-tsire a wuri mai kariya daga iska.
Phlox na iya girma duka a cikin inuwa m da rana. Haka kuma, a wuraren rana, furewar phloxes ba tsawo bane, furannin wasu nau'ikan ma zasu iya shudewa da kuma bushewa karkashin tasirin hasken rana.
Ofasan da aka fi shuka ana sonta, tayi, tare da tsaka tsaki ko ɗanɗan ɗabi'ar acidic da isasshen danshi, amma ba tare da tsauraran ruwa ba. A bu mai kyau shirya kasar gona a fall kafin dasa dasa furanni.
Don yin wannan, ana sarrafa shi zuwa zurfin zurfin santimita 30 (babu buƙatar tafiya mai zurfi, tunda tushen tsarin phlox yana cikin ƙwallon sama na ƙasa) kuma an gabatar da ash, takin da superphosphate.
Idan ƙasa ta kasance yumɓu, to, kuna buƙatar ƙara yashi a ciki, a cikin adadin guga 1 a kowace murabba'in mita, da takin gargajiya. Idan amsawar ƙasa ta kasance acidic, to, ana kara lemun tsami.
Kulawar Shuka ya ƙunshi kayan miya na lokaci-lokaci, kwance ƙasa da ruwa idan babu ruwan sama. A cikin hunturu, ya kamata a yanke mai tushe na shuka.
Sake bugun phlox ta hanyar rarraba daji
Wannan tabbas mafi mashahuri ne daga cikin hanyoyin. Lokaci don irin wannan juyawa shine farkon farkon bazara, ko bayan fure a cikin kaka, don ba da damar seedlings su yi tushe kafin hunturu. A lokacin bazara, irin wannan canjin shima zai yiwu, kawai yakamata a yi da yamma kuma tare da kyakkyawan shayarwa. Amma dole ne a ɗauka a zuciyarsa cewa ƙwayar da aka raba dole ya zama babba kuma ya wajaba a adana ƙurar dunƙule cikin toho. Bayan dasawa, tabbatar da yin ruwa na yau da kullun.
A cikin kaka, zamu fara rarrabe daji, ta hanyar tono sama, ya kamata a lura cewa wannan hanyar haifuwa dole ne a yi idan shuka ya riga ya cika shekaru shida. Na gaba, mun cire duniya gaba daya daga tsarin tushen. Bayan hankali a rarraba tushen da ke zuwa tushe. Idan ba za a iya raba daji da hannu ba, a yi amfani da wuka. Rarraba Tushen, muna tabbatar da cewa kowannensu yana da harbe-harbe. Rarraba sassa ana dasa su nan da nan a cikin ƙasa.
Yin yaduwar Phlox ta yanke
Wannan zaɓi na kiwo ya ƙunshi hanyoyi uku:
Sake bugun Phlox tushe cuttings, wannan hanyar ba ta da rikitarwa kuma mafi kyawun lokacin don wannan shine lokacin girma na mai tushe, kafin fure, ƙarshen Mayu, farkon watan Yuni. Kuna buƙatar zaɓar kyawawan kyawawan kyawawan tsire-tsire daga shuka mai girma.
Mun rarrabawa harbi domin a kowane rikewa akwai sanduna da yawa. Dole ne a yanke ganyen da ke ƙasa da katako, da kuma rabin babba. An shuka yankan a cikin kwandon shara tare da ƙasa mai gina jiki kuma an yayyafa shi da yashi wani yanki na 'yan santimita kaɗan a saman.
Idan an yi dasa shuki a buɗe, sai yayyafa da ganye, ko peat, kimanin santimita 8 da santimita na yashi a saman. Mun sanyaya ƙasa kuma mun shuka itace a saman damisa tare da ganye, latsa ƙasa a gare su. Mun sauka a nesa da kusan santimita biyar daga juna.
Bayan dasawa, muna sanya akwati tare da yankuna a cikin greenhouse kuma mu ɓoye shi daga hasken rana kai tsaye har zuwa kwanaki 21 tare da sha har zuwa sau 3 a rana. Bayan an yanke tushen sai a sa tushe, ganyayyaki kore su fara bayyana a kansu, ya wajaba a tura su zuwa wani wuri mai fili a nesa nesa har zuwa cm 16. Wannan hanyar za a iya yaduwa duk lokacin.
Hanya ta biyu, haifuwar phlox tsiran ganye. Ana amfani da wannan hanyar sosai a farkon Yuli. Kawai tare da ruwa kuna buƙatar yanke ganye tare da koda kuma ku kama karamin kara.
Mun shuka itace a cikin kwandon shara tare da sako-sako da ƙasa kuma muna zuba yashi tare da santimita ɗaya. Nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire kusan santimita biyar ne, mun shuka zurfi, idan aka nuna cewa toho da kara suna cikin ƙasa.
Bayan fitarwa, rufe akwati tare da gilashi kuma bar shi a cikin wuri mai duhu tare da tsarin zafin jiki na kimanin digiri 19. Kuma a kai a kai moisturize, lokaci-lokaci ventilating wanda ya sa ba a stomped stomped. Bayan dasa, muna shuka a cikin ƙasa.
Hanya ta uku, haifuwar phlox, tushen itace. Wannan hanyar tana da wahala, amma wasu lokuta ana amfani da ita don kawar da cututtukan fata - tushe nematodes. Ana iya dasa shi duka a cikin bazara da bayan fure. Bayan digging shuka, zaɓi tushen mafi ƙarfi kuma a yanka a cikin 6 cm guda.
Mun dasa shi a cikin kwandon shara tare da ƙasa kuma yayyafa shi da yashi game da cm 5. Muna shayar da ruwa sosai kuma muna jiran sababbin harbe. Idan a cikin hunturu, to, za mu sanya shi a cikin rami mai sanyi kuma mu shayar da shi, ba da barin ƙasa ta bushe, kuma a cikin bazara mun fitar da shi kuma muka sanya shi ya yi zafi da haske a hankali, muna dasa Tushen furannin tare da harbe a cikin ƙasa a cikin Mayu.
Yaduwa ta hanyar farawa
Hanyar mai sauki wacce kowa ke samu, ko da wani mai son lambun ne. Ana yayyafa bushes tare da ƙasa, sama mafi kyau. Kuma bayan wasu lokuta, Tushen ya bayyana a kan harbe. Kuma idan tushen sa tushe, ya zama dole a yanke su kuma dasa su a cikin ƙasa.
Tsarin iri
Phlox mai siffa-mai siffa yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba, amma sau da yawa tare da wannan haɓakar varian asalin halitta ba koyaushe yake kasancewa ba.
Kafin shuka, don inganta seedlings, kuna buƙatar share su daga kwalaye. Saboda kamshinta, ya fi kyau a shuka nan da nan bayan girbi. Kuna buƙatar zaɓar tsaba mafi girma kuma a cikin Nuwamba sa shuka a cikin ƙasa bude ko akwati.
A cikin hunturu, tsaba za su sha zaɓi na ɗabi'a kuma yawancin 'yan rani za su gamsu da kyawawan seedlings. Sun bayyana a watan Mayu, lokacin da ganye daban-daban suka bayyana, dole ne a dasa su a nesa da kusan 15 cm daga juna. Ana bin duk ka'idodin dasa da kulawa, zaku ci gaba da girma da girma.
Kwari da cututtuka na phlox
Phlox na iya shafar kwari da cututtukan fungal, cututtukan fata da cututtukan mycoplasma. Mafi sau da yawa, tsire-tsire suna shafi mildew powdery. Wannan shi ne saboda kulawa mara kyau ko haɓakawa a cikin inuwa.
Sau da yawa, phloxes kuma suna fama da tsatsa, wilting verticilil, farin spotting da mosaics.
Daga cikin kwari, mafi muni shine tushe phlox nematode. Lokacin da wannan tsiro ta shafi wannan tsutsar tsutsa na ƙwayar cuta, ƙwanƙwalwar ƙyallen ƙwayar bishi da ƙanƙara, kuma ganyen ya zama na bakin ciki.
Ba za a iya warkar da tsiron ba kuma ya wajaba a haƙa tare da dunƙule ƙasan duniya kuma a cire daga wurin don kada sauran tsire-tsire su kamu.
Yi amfani da zane mai faɗi
Phloxes suna da kyau perennials don yin ado gadaje-fure. Ana ba da sanarwar sanannan su a tsakanin lambu ta hanyar juriya sanyi, unpretentiousness, sauƙi na kulawa, da kyau da haske na fure.
Za a iya amfani da Phlox a matsayin wakilan lambunan gida, lambuna na gaban ƙauye, a cikin lambuna na dutsen kusa da tafkuna, gadajen fure na shimfidar wuri, soyayyar ko kuma yanayin salon.
Ta hanyar zaɓar nau'in madaidaiciyar phlox, zaku iya cimma gadaje masu fure na fure, farawa daga bazara da ƙare a kaka. Saboda haka creeping da sako-sako da zuciya-phlox zai yi ado gonar a cikin bazara da farkon lokacin rani, da bushy - lokacin bazara da farkon kaka.
Lokacin dasa shuki tsire-tsire, ya zama dole don la'akari da tsayin su da launi na furanni don ƙirƙirar abubuwan da aka tsara suna da jituwa.
Kuna iya amfani da furanni phlox mai ƙanshi don ƙirƙirar bouquets. A lokaci guda, ya fi kyau a yanka su da safe, kafin a yi magudin da yamma na shuka.
Don tabbatar da samuwar lush da inflorescences mai yawa, ana bada shawara don barin ƙimar 7-8 mai tushe a cikin daji.
