Kwayar cuta ta cuta (Schefflera) - ƙaramin itace ko ɗan itace daga dangin Araliev, gama gari ne a cikin ƙasashe da yankuna tare da yanayin yanayi mai zafi kuma an ambaci sunan sanannen mashahurin botanist daga Jamus I.Kh. Mai tsarawa. Mafi mashahuri iri a cikin al'adu sune sheffler maki takwas, kamar itace, mai haske.
A ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi, al'adar ta kai mita 40 a tsayi, kuma tare da ɗakin abun ciki na mita 1.5-2. Halin mutum ɗaya na shuka shine ganye mai siffar sabon abu wanda yayi kama da tafin hannu tare da yatsotsin yatsa ko kuma wata laima mai buɗewa da dama da aka watsa (daga 4 zuwa 12). A dabi'a, fure itace tare da inflorescences-umbrellas, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙananan furanni na farin hue, a gida, fure bazai iya faruwa ba. Babban al'adun ado ya ta'allaka ne ga kyawawan ganye. Ana amfani dashi don shimfidar manyan ɗakuna tare da babban bene, kuma ana girma a cikin ɗakunan ajiya, wuraren shakatawa da wuraren shakatawa.
Irin wannan gidan cikin gida, kamar gudawa, ana iya samun sau da yawa a cikin gidaje da ofisoshi da yawa. Wannan tsire-tsire shine mafi kyawun zaɓi don ɗan fararen lambu, saboda gabaɗaya bashi da ma'ana.
Kula da Gidan Sheffle
Wuri da Haske
Matsakaicin wuri mafi kyau ga cutar sheflera, inda za ta ji daɗi, su ne taga taga da gabas da yamma. Matsayin namo da matakin haske ya dogara da nau'in nau'in shuka da nau'in shuka. Misali, nau'in ganye mai-ganye na iya girma akan windowsill a gefen arewa, kuma nau'ikan nau'ikan launuka a gabas da yamma. Haske ya kamata ya zama mai haske, amma ya bazu, ba tare da hasken rana kai tsaye ba. A cikin hunturu, ana buƙatar ƙarin haske, don haka an ba da shawarar yin amfani da ƙarin hasken wuta (wucin gadi). Dole ne a yi amfani da fitilun hasken rana (kaka da hunturu) idan zazzabi a cikin daki mai tsire-tsire na cikin gida ya wuce digiri 18 Celsius.
A cikin watanni na lokacin zafi, mai sheffler zai ji daɗin girma a waje a cikin lambu ko a baranda, amma a cikin yanayin inuwa m, tare da kariya daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Ya kamata ka san cewa an zana zane tare da wannan shuka. Idan kuna da shefler mai ganye mai ganye, to lallai zata buƙaci haske fiye da na jinsin dake da ganyen ganye.
Zazzabi
Tsarin zafin jiki na girma shufflers na wurare masu zafi ya bambanta dangane da yanayin. Misali, a cikin ranakun bazara da lokacin bazara, mafi kyawun zazzabi don cikakken girma da haɓaka shine digiri 18-20. A cikin kaka da lokacin hunturu - digiri 12-16 na zafi, ƙananan yanayin zafi suna da haɗari ga lafiya da rayuwar fure na cikin gida. Yana da mahimmanci a lokacin lokacin dumama tsire-tsire ba a kusa da batura ta dumama ko wasu masu zafi.
An daɗe da lura cewa a cikin ɗakunan da ke da kwandunan iska, shuka yana girma sosai da sauri. Amma wannan baya nufin cewa tukunya da shuka yakamata a sanya ƙarƙashin jiragen sama na sanyi.
Watse
Ana buƙatar shayar da mai kula da Scheffler akai-akai, a lokacin bazara da bazara a cikin matsakaici masu ƙarfi, a cikin watanni masu sanyi - a cikin mafi ƙarancin girma. Don ban ruwa, kana buƙatar amfani da ruwa mai laushi, dawwama ko tsarkakakken tare da zazzabi kusa da alamun alatu. Overdrying wani earthen coma zai barnatar da tasiri na ado halaye na shuka, da m wuce haddi danshi na kasar gona zai sa mu acidification da kara mutuwar dukan fure. Alamar zafin jiki na iska na cikin gida da ƙasa a cikin tukunyar filawa ya kamata ya zama iri ɗaya.
Ana iya girma Sheffler ta amfani da hanyar hydroponic.
Jin zafi
Sheffler leaf mai ado yana fifita babban zafi. Don kula da irin wannan babban matakin, zaku iya amfani da tire na musamman tare da peat rigar ko yumɓu da aka faɗa. Shafa ruwa a kai a kai yana ba tsire-tsire ƙarin danshi. Ana aiwatar da irin waɗannan hanyoyin ruwa da taushi, tsayayyen ruwan dumi tare da zazzabi na 20-22 digiri Celsius 1-2 sau a rana.
Kasar gona
Soilasa don haɓakar shefflers ya kamata ya zama haske, ɗan acidic. Abun da ya fi dacewa a cikin cakuda: wani sashi na humus da kyakkyawar ruwa yashi da sassan biyu na sod ƙasar. Wani bambance-bambancen na substrate: 3 sassan greenhouse ko ƙasa takin sun haɗu da 1 ɓangaren peat da 1.5 ɓangare na yashi.
Da takin mai magani da takin zamani
Universal saman miya don deciduous houseplants bada shawarar a shafa a kai a kai tare da tazara tsakanin makonni biyu a duk lokacin girma, fara a farkon bazara da ƙare a ƙarshen kaka tare da watering.
Juyawa
Ana bada shawarar jujjuyar cutar sankara a farkon bazara a kowace shekara biyu. Sabon tukunyar fure yakamata ya wuce ƙimar da ta gabata, saboda tare da kulawa da kyau, shefler zaiyi saurin girma. Dole a saka magudanar ruwa mai kyau a ƙasan tare da Layer na santimita 2-4.
Turawa
Scheffler ya ba da labari mara kyau ga girki, halayen kayan ado na wahala daga wannan hanyar. Don ƙirƙirar itacen lush da mai yawa, ana bada shawara a dasa shuki da yawa a cikin tanki fure ɗaya lokaci ɗaya.
Jinyar shefflers
Tsarin iri
Shuka tsaba za a iya za'ayi a farkon ko tsakiyar hunturu. Za'a iya shirya cakuda ƙasa a gida. Yakamata ya ƙunshi ɗayan ɓangaren yashi, filawar takarda da ƙasar turf, ko daidai sassan ɓangaren yashi da peat. Dole ne a sanya wannene a wanin keɓaɓɓun kafin a yi amfani dashi. Hakanan ana buƙatar shirya kayan shuka don shuka. Ana bada shawarar tsaba a jiƙa ruwa a ɗakin zafin jiki tare da ƙari na zircon ko epin na tsawon awanni 2-3.
An zubar da ƙasa a cikin akwatina masu dasa zurfi, ana binne tsaba ta hanyar santimita 8, nan da nan bayan shuka, ana shayar da su sosai kuma an tura su zuwa ɗakin dumi tare da yawan zafin jiki akai-akai na digiri 20-24. Kula da tsire-tsire ya ƙunshi iska na yau da kullun da fesawa. A lokacin da germinating tsaba a cikin wani karamin-greenhouse da m dumama, kan aiwatar da matasa matasa shuke-shuke faruwa da sauri.
Lingsalingsan da ke da ganyayyaki 2-3 ana diga su cikin kwantena mutum kuma suka yi girma na tsawon watanni uku a zazzabi na kusan digiri 20, bayan haka ana watsa su cikin tukunyar da ta fi girma kuma a ƙaura zuwa wani ɗaki mai haske tare da zazzabi na 14-15. A cikin kaka, ana fitar da shuka ta hanyar hanyar jingina.
Farfagandar ta yanke
Don wannan hanyar, ɗauka fain-lignified cuttings, bi da su da heteroauxin kuma dasa su a cikin yashi-peat substrate a cikin karamin-greenhouse tare da ƙananan dumama (ko rufe tare da gilashin gilashin) da kuma farji mai rufewa. Matsakaicin zafin jiki don girma shine digiri 20-22. Don ƙirƙirar tsarin tushen cikakken, ana buƙatar ɓoye cuttings a cikin yanayi mai dacewa, a samar da iska tare da samar da isasshen haske. Bayan dasawa, ana iya dasa bishiyoyin cikin tukwane.
Yaduwa ta hanyar sanya filayen iska
Wannan hanyar yaduwa ya dace sosai da manyan tsire-tsire kuma ana amfani dashi a farkon bazara. A kan kwandon gangar jikin, ya wajaba don yin ƙaramin abin ɗamara, rufe shi a kowane bangarorin tare da daskararre gansakuka waɗanda aka saƙa cikin maganin abinci kuma ku kunsa shi da filastik. Maganin an shirya shi daga lita 1 na ruwa da 1 gram na ma'adinan ma'adinai mai rikitarwa. Yana da mahimmanci har sai Tushen ya bayyana a wurin da aka lalata, ƙanshin sphagnum koyaushe yana danshi a ɗan danshi.
Tushen farko yakamata ya bayyana a cikin kimanin watanni 2-3, kuma bayan wannan lokacin, za a iya yanke saman da tushen sa sannan a dasa shi a cikin kwandon mutum. An ba da shawarar rufe sauran kututture tare da daskararren daskararren fata kuma a kula da matsakaiciyar matsakaici har sai lokacin da harbe-harbe matasa suka bayyana ta hanyar yau da kullun. Ciyawar da ta tsiro za ta mai da kututture cikin wani sabon yanayin mai shefflers.
Cutar da kwari
Wataƙila kwari ne kwari gizo-gizo, aphids, da kwari. Don lalata su, ana amfani da feshin abubuwa tare da magunguna "Aktara", "Akarin". Saboda yawan gubarsa ana bada shawarar yin amfani da mai numfashi yayin aikin tsirrai.
Shuka matsaloli
Sheffler ba shi da lafiya mafi yawan lokuta saboda rikice-rikicen yanayin tsare da rashin kulawa. Tana da matukar damuwa ga tururuwar ruwa a cikin ƙasa da ƙarancin haske, kuma ba ta son kwatsam a cikin zafin jiki (daga ƙarami zuwa matsakaici) da bushewar iska a cikin ɗakin.
- Faduwa ta ganye na faruwa ne a zazzabi na iska a cikin daki a lokacin bazara da karancin zazzabi a cikin hunturu. Hakanan, faɗuwar ganye mai yiwuwa ne tare da danshi mai yawa ƙasa.
- Fuskar bakin ganye ta zama faduwa ko ya zama wuri mai haske a karkashin haske mara kyau. Rashin haske da wuce haddi na haske daidai yana shafan shuka.
- Tushen rot ya bayyana tare da akai wuce haddi na ban ruwa ruwa a cikin ƙasa.
- Nunin bushewa na ganye mai launin ruwan kasa sun bayyana akan shuka tare da rashin danshi a cikin ƙasa kuma tare da bushewar iska a cikin ɗakin.
Iri da nau'ikan shefflers
'Ya'yan ganye takwas
Ra'ayin tare da nau'ikan sabon tsarin ruwan wukake na ganye. Petioles suna drooping tare da tintin tsami, ganye suna lanceolate, tare da ganye 8-12 elongated, har zuwa santimita 40 a tsayi kuma kusan santimita 10 a faɗi. Fuskokin faranti na fata na fata suna da launuka masu launin shuɗi da yawa.
Tsarin dabino
An shigo da wannan nau'in daga New Zealand kuma yana wakiltar bishiyoyi uku zuwa takwas masu tsayi tare da ganyayyaki masu siffar dabino 15-30 santimita tsayi a tsayin petioles (tsawon santimita 7-20). Blossoms a fararen inflorescences - laima.
Itace mai tsari
Zuriyarsa itace bishiyar karamin tsayi, yana kunshe da akwati madaidaiciya tare da yawan harbe kore ko inuwa mai haske da inuwa mara haske da barin santimita mara nauyi santimita 15-20. Ya ƙunshi nau'ikan iri da iri waɗanda suka bambanta a launi da girman faranti, tsayayya da kwari da cututtuka, har da bukatun kulawa.
Haske mai annashuwa
Mafi shahararrun shahararrun nau'in halitta a cikin al'ada tare da madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya, dogo mai launin ja mai launin shuɗi mai haske, ganyen dabino mai haske tare da shimfidar haske mai haske. Akwai nau'ikan furanni masu launin shuɗi da rawaya-kore.
