Aphids. Yaya za a magance mummunan kwaro?

Mutane sun ce: "Domin kayar da, kana bukatar ka san abokan gaba a cikin mutum." Kuma don kawar da aphids a cikin lambu ko a gonar, kuna buƙatar sanin sake zagayowar ci gabanta kuma tabbatar kada ku ɓata lokacin da yafi kulawa da kwari. Misali: bashi da amfani a fesa tsire idan an saka qwai a kansu. An kare su daga aikin guba, kar a yi amfani da tsire-tsire masu sarrafa abinci don abinci (ba sa daskararre ko ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga tsire-tsire), wanda ke nufin cewa ba sa tsoron guba. Sarrafa tsire-tsire da aka ɓata. Wajibi ne a jira har sai larvae ƙyanƙyashe, sannan, ta hanyar fesa ruwa, an lalata kwaro ta hanyar 70-100%. Larvae ne, cin dare da rana, ke haifar da cutar mafi girma ga tsirrai.

Aphids akan jita-jita Nis Dennis Wiss

Aphids (Aphidoidea) - superfamily na kwari. Kimanin nau'ikan aphids 4000 an san su, wanda kusan dubu suke zaune a Turai. Duk aphids suna ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace a shuka, mutane da yawa masu haɗari ne na kwari na tsire-tsire. Bugu da kari, halittu da yawa sun sami damar yada cututtukan tsire-tsire a cikin nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta kuma suna haifar da maganganu iri-iri a cikin tsire-tsire, kamar galls da gall-like.

Na ba da shawara don yin la'akari da zagayowar haɓakar aphid da kuma ƙayyade mafi girman matakan haɓakawa don maganin cututtukan ƙwayoyi.

Tsarin ci gaban Aphid

An adult hadu mace mace aphid lays wintering qwai a kan rassan da itace haushi, perennial harbe na shrubs, ƙoƙarin sanya su a kusa da buds, a fi. Qwai belong-oval, baƙar fata, har zuwa tsawon mm 0,5, bayyane ga ido tsirara. "Sanin" cewa yana da dumi a karkashin dusar ƙanƙara, mace aphid tana sanya ƙwai akan harbe da ciyawa. Lokacin hunturu a karkashin dusar ƙanƙara, kusan duk masonry na tsira. Aphids da tururuwa "aikin gida" suna kula da ƙwai, suna ɗaukar ƙwai har sai sun tashi a cikin gidajensu, da kuma lokacin bazara tare da farkon zafi, ƙwai kan ƙwayayen rassan, harbe na matasa, bar su akan ganyayyaki matasa.

Daga ƙwayayen da aka haife su, ƙarni da yawa (2-4) na mace mara ƙwaya, suna haifuwa wanda yake faruwa ba tare da maza ba. A watan Yuni-Yuli, siffofin kifayen aphids mazauna sun bayyana. Aphids ya tashi sama, musamman tare da iska mai kyau, har zuwa kilomita 25, tsayawa a cikin amfanin gona iri ɗaya. Waɗannan su ne aphids monoecious, amma akwai kuma wasu nau'ikan da ke da yanayin haɓaka mai dioecious. Sun fara haɓaka bazara a kan babban mai watsa shiri, tare da gabatar da siffofin fuka-fuki a cikin bazara da suka tashi zuwa gandun daji (rundunar ta biyu) - tsire-tsire iri-iri, ciyayi, kayan lambu da kuma dawowa cikin kaka don sa ƙwai zuwa babban mai watsa shiri. A fall, bayan dabbar ta hanyar canjin, mace aphid lays hadu da wintering qwai.

Statisticsididdigar baƙin ciki! Kowace mace tana sanya ƙwai 100 a cikin hunturu. Daga waɗannan, ɗalibai mata 100 ke haɓaka, waɗanda ke girma a cikin makonni 1.5-2.0 kuma suna kan matsakaici ƙwai 100 kowace. A lokacin girma, mace ɗaya tana da ikon haɓaka zuriya har zuwa kwari dubu 15 a kowace kakar.

Don haka, aphids suna da 3 daga cikin lokuta mafi haɗari lokacin da lalacewarsu za ta taimaka ga raguwa gaba ɗaya a cikin adadin waɗannan kwari a cikin lambu: shiri mai kula da kaka don lokacin hunturu, lokacin tashiwa na mazaunin mata, bayyanar maza masu fuka-fuka kuma sun koma wurin mai watsa shiri. Wannan baya nufin sauran lokacin ba kwa buƙatar sarrafa bishiyoyi. Yin kiyayya yakan faru kowane sati 2 da lura da bishiyoyi da shishiyoyi, bi da bi. 3 zaɓaɓɓen lokaci - mafi girman lalacewa, a wannan lokacin mafi girman hankali da kuma wajabta jiyya na tsire-tsire wajibi ne.

Tsarin rayuwar Aphid

Yin rigakafin Aphid

Autumn shiri na gona domin wintering

cire duk ciyawa a ƙarƙashin kambin bishiyoyi, yanke harbe na kwari, cire su a waje da lambun kuma halakar ko aika su cikin rami na takin,
whitewash boles da kwarangwal rassan bishiyoyi da sabbin kayan lemun tsami tare da ƙari na sulfate na jan karfe, yumbu, man gyada na PVA. A cikin bazara, ana maimaita fararen fata a ƙarshen Fabrairu-Maris. A lokacin rani, yana da kyau kada a rinjayi bishiyoyi don kada a dagula dangantakar abokantaka tare da abokan gaba na aphids da sauran kwari,
A cikin hunturu, a cikin lokacin ku na kyauta, duba abubuwan da ke tattare da dasa furannin kuma cire irin shukar furanni kamar poppy, nasturtium, cosmea, chamomile, mallow, chrysanthemums, Kudus artichoke da sunflower daga amfanin gona, da kuma viburnum da linden daga amfanin gona, daga nesa (da gonar ma). Waɗannan sune wuraren da aka fi so a wuraren ɗora daga aphids. Daga currants, gooseberries da sauran berries, dauke plantings na yaji-dandano al'adu, salads, chicory,
a lokacin bazara, halakar da anthills kuma a cikin fall, kafin sanyi, tono shi fadi da kuma cika shi da wani bayani ko kawai ruwa.

Qwai Aphid akan fure. © Yusufu O'Brien

Rayuwar rayuwa a cikin aphids. Hip Shipher Wu

Fuskokin fuka-fuki na Green Rose Aphids (Macrosiphum rosae). © Bernard DUPONT

Aikin bazara don kare tsire-tsire daga aphids

Da zaran dusar ƙanƙara ta faɗo, bincika amfanin gonar, tabbatar da gudanar da aikin tsabtace ruwa, fitar da sharan.
Abubuwan da aka gano, waɗanda aka kiyaye su daga kaka, dole ne a hallaka su. Tare da bayyanar tururuwa na farko akan bishiyar tsaye, maimaita fararen fararen kuma feshe bishiyoyi tare da shiri.
Saita belts na kamun kifi a cikin foda mai guba ko turmi. Aiwatar da manne na musamman ga igiyar kuma a haɗa bel ɗin farauta. 'Ya'yan tururuwa ba za su iya shawo kan katangar ba har ya mutu, tare da ɗaukar nauyin ƙwai aphid.
Aphid mummunan tsoro ne ga ikonsa. Fiye da nau'ikan aphids 4000 da yawancinsu ba sa cutar guda, amma al'adu da yawa. Sabili da haka, tun kafin farawa na buds yana farawa, wajibi ne don gudanar da spraying na farko daga dukkan bishiyoyi 'ya'yan itace tare da maganin nicotine sulfate ko nitrophene a kashi da aka bada shawarar a cikin bayanin bayanin maganin. Yi amfani da ƙarin magungunan zamani da aka bada shawarar a yankinku.
Tun da tsire-tsire na berry suna samar da amfanin gona da wuri (raspberries, currants, gooseberries, da dai sauransu), kafin fara farawa don fure, saya su cikin ruwan zafi (digiri 70-80) ba tare da sunadarai masu guba ba.
A lokacin bazara-bazara, kar a shawo kan tsire-tsire tare da nitrogen. Thearin haɓakawa na yawan ciyayi na matasa zai samar da aphids tare da rayuwa mai dadi, yayin da ganye na roba da ƙananan harbe tare da fata mai yawa ba sa samun damar zuwa gare su.
A wannan lokacin, ingantaccen ban ruwa shine yayyafa. Zai share ramin, wanda yake jan hankalin tururuwa, da kwai aphid, da kuma aphid da kanta, wanda idan ya fadi ƙasa zai mutu. Babu buƙatar sake kula da bishiyoyi tare da magungunan kashe qwari. Dakatar da ban ruwa ta hanyar yayyafa da canzawa zuwa hanyar ƙasa kawai a lokacin fure, don kada rigar da pollen.

Aikin bazara

Tare da ganye buds blooming, buds kumbura da fure fara, sun ci gaba zuwa na din-din-din aiki bishiyoyi da berries. Duk da yawancin nau'ikan aphids, da sauran kwari tare da su a cikin bazara, za a iya rage adadin jiyya idan an aiwatar da su tare da gaurayawar tank na kwari.

Aphids akan shuka. Sim Mike Simpson

Ayyukan sarrafa aphid mai aiki

Amfani da sinadarai

Shirye-shiryen sunadarai (maganin kwari) ta hanyar bayyanar da aphids da sauran karin kwari sun kasu kashi uku:

tsarin
hanjin ciki
lamba.

Idan kuka hada magunguna na dukkan hanyoyin tonon sililin a cikin cakuda tankar, to da daman 3 (ukun) spraying daya zai ishe:

kafin fure a cikin farkon farawa,
bayan fure a cikin lokaci na farawar kwai,
Kwana 25-30 kafin girbi.

Ka tuna, magungunan kashe guba ba zasu kashe kwari ba, har ma da mataimaka - tsuntsaye, kwari masu amfani, kuma suna da mummunan tasiri akan gidaje da dabbobi. Chemicals da ake amfani da su kashe kwari an cire su daga tsire-tsire bayan makonni 3-5. An hana yin amfani da 'ya'yan itãcen farko fiye da lokacin da aka ƙayyade.

Abubuwan kemikal don sarrafa aphids

Mafi shahararrun magungunan kashe kwari tare da saurin lalacewa sune actofit, karbofos, intavir, actara, walker, tanrek, kwamandan da kuma wasu da yawa. Jerin magungunan kwari da aka yarda da amfani an inganta su kuma suke canza su kowace shekara. Ana iya samunsa a cikin kundin adireshi da kuma kundin adireshi masu dacewa. A cikin shawarwarin, tare da halayyar, al'ada da hanyoyin aikace-aikacen, ana ba da lokacin lokaci.

Yi aiki tare da magungunan kashe guba a cikin tufafi masu kariya, safofin hannu, goggles da mai ba da numfashi. Aiwatar dasu kawai bisa shawarar. Theara yawan kashi, rage lokacin jira har zuwa magani na gaba ba zai samar da kyakkyawan sakamako da ake tsammanin ba. Sanin tasirin mummunar tasirin su ga lafiya, ya fi kyau amfani da shirye-shiryen nazarin halittu a cikin kananan lambuna da tsiran bishiyoyi.

Aphids a kan harba wata shuka. Isa Louisa Billeter

Aphids na halittu

Abubuwan ƙirar halitta suna da lokacin bayyanar kwaro na kwanaki 10-15, amma ba su da lahani ga ɗan adam, tsuntsaye da dabbobi kuma ana iya fesa su da tsire-tsire har zuwa lokacin girbi, wanda ya dace sosai ga amfanin gona da yawa. Bayan sarrafa tsire-tsire tare da wasu samfuran halitta, ana iya amfani da 'ya'yan itacen a matsayin abinci na kwanaki 2-3.

Mafi shahararrun kwayoyin sunadarai sun hada da bitoxibacillin, acarin, spark-BIO da sauransu. Dalilinsu shine rayuwa mai amfani microorganisms (kungiyoyi daban-daban na fungi, kwayoyin). Bioinsecticides suna da tasiri ba wai kawai don kare tsire-tsire daga aphids ba, har ma a wasu kwari. Tsawanin bioinsecticides shine kwanaki 10-20 kuma saboda haka dole ne a maimaita spraying. Amma waɗannan samfuran halitta ba su da haɗari ga manya, yara, dabbobi, tsuntsaye da kwari masu amfani. Hakanan ana nuna yawan zazzagewa da lokacin sarrafa su akan fakiti ko cikin shawarwari masu amfani.

Bioinsecticides wanda za'a iya amfani dashi koda lokacin tsirrai masu fure sun haɗa biotinsecticide trichopolum (magani ne da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin aikin magani na hukuma azaman warkewa ga cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta). Don feshin ruwa, narke allunan 20 cikin ruwa 10 na ruwa. Dace da wasu samfuran halittu masu yawa, amma har yanzu suna bukatar gwajin karfin karfinsu. Ba za a iya yada Trichopolum ba kawai bishiyoyi da shrubs ba, har ma da kayan lambu (tumatir, cucumbers, dill, da sauransu). Lokacin iyakance yana iyakance ta hanyar hazo, amma nan da nan bayan an daina ruwan sama, ana iya maimaita spraying na tsire-tsire. Kuna iya aiki tare da mafita ba tare da karin magana ba. A miyagun ƙwayoyi ne na ƙwarai da cewa yana lalata cututtukan fungal na amfanin gona a lokaci guda kamar kwari.

Samfurin "kibiya" a cikin abin da ya ƙunshi ya ƙunshi bitoxibacillin. Ya dace da sarrafa dukkanin amfanin gona na lambu, lambun da kuma greenhouse. Samfurin ilimin halittu, ban da mummunan tasiri akan aphids da sauran kwari, shima babban kayan miya ne na amfanin gonar kore da lambun. Tsawon samfurin samfurin shine makonni 2-3, bayan wannan dole ne a maimaita magani. Don shirya bayani a cikin 10 l na ruwa narke 50 g na shiri na powdery, Mix sosai. Za'a iya amfani da shi cikin mahaɗan tukunya bayan bincika karfinsu.

Kariyar mutum yayin sarrafa tsire-tsire yana iyakance ga tabarau da safofin hannu. Spraying za a iya za'ayi a lokacin flowering. Aphids mutu a cikin kwanaki 2. An bada shawarar samfurin ilimin halittu don amfani daga farkon bazara har zuwa girbi. Lokacin jiran shine kwanaki 5-6, bayan wannan za'a iya cin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari. Baya ga bioinsecticides da aka jera kuma aka bayyana a sama, sabbin samfura masu ilimin halitta suna bayyana kowace shekara. A cikin gidaje, ba a ba da shawarar maganin kwari da sauran ƙwayoyin cuta ba.

Baya ga magungunan ƙwayoyi da ƙwayoyin cuta don kula da kwaro, madadin hanyoyin da za a iya kawar da ƙwayar cuta mai ba da shawara.

Idan ka yanke shawarar amfani da hanyoyin jama'a don yaƙar aphids da kwari masu alaƙa, kuna buƙatar shirya kayan da ake buƙata a cikin fall: albasa husk tare da shugabannin da ba dole ba, tafarnuwa, fiɗa dankalin turawa, Tushen dandelion, ash, sabulu mai wanki. Idan iyali suna da 'ya'ya, ba za ku iya amfani da infusions da kayan ƙyalli na ganyayyaki masu guba ba. Wadannan infusions masu guba ba kawai ga kwari na amfanin gona na lambu ba, har ma ga mutane.

Daga magunguna na gida, zaku iya bada shawara:

Ash da maganin sabulu. 2-3 kofuna na ash zuba lita 10 na ruwa mai dumi, nace don kwanaki 2-3, damuwa, narke a cikin bayani wani yanki na sabul ɗin wanke fata da yayyafa shi a lokacin buɗewar 'ya'yan itace da amfanin gona na Berry.
Tafarnuwa Dandelion. Yankakken daskararre kyakkyawan tsire-tsire (kore taro da asalinsu) da shugabannin tafarnuwa, bi da bi 400 da 200 g, jiƙa a cikin l 10 na dumi ruwa. Barin cakuda don ba da na tsawon awanni 2-3, zazzagewa da amfani don fesawa a cikin lokaci na toho da kuma bayan fure.
Albasa husks tare da tafarnuwa (zaka iya amfani da kawunan) finely sara, zuba ruwa mai ɗumi. Ka bar kwanaki 2-3. Iri, tsarma sakamakon bayani sau 3 da amfani don spraying, da canja wurin taro fermented taro zuwa takin rami.

Ladybug cin aphid. O gonarfeaden

Akwai daruruwan irin waɗannan nasihun akan Intanet, amma yi hankali. A gida ba za ku iya dafa kayan kwalliya da infusions daga ganyayyaki masu guba ba (hemlock) da fesa su da al'adu. Wani a cikin iyali na iya cin 'ya'yan itace ko kayan lambu kuma a sa masa guba.

Aphid kwaro ne mai saukin kai kuma baya jure ƙurar yaji mai daɗin ji. Fennel, tafarnuwa, marigolds, mint tsoratar da kwaro, kuma petunia, mallow, begonia, nasturtium suna jan hankalin ta da ƙanshin su. Na farko dasa a cikin aisles tare da gefen gadaje, da kuma na biyu - bãya. Kamshi mai daɗi zai jawo hankalin aphids. Amma a cikin bazara, dole ne a lalata taro na waɗannan tsirran furanni, tunda aphids suna da ovipositions nasu na wintering. Af, viburnum, ceri tsuntsu, linden abubuwa ne masu matukar kyau ga mazauna aphids. Yi amfani da su a cikin nesa (daga gonar da gonar) filayen wuri mai faɗi.

Mutane suna cewa - in ban da tsakar dare, bazara ba ta da kyau, kuma lambun da ba tare da tsuntsu ba marayu ne. Yi ado lambun ku tare da shinge na fure, don ladybugs (mafi girman maƙiyan aphids), yada calendula. Don lacewings, hoverflies, wasps, beetles ƙasa da sauran kwari, cumin, faski, marigolds, umbilicus, Dill, coriander sun dace. Za a yi amfani da ƙarancin sunadarai a cikin gonar, mafi yawan sarakuna, warblers, tsuntsaye, wagtails zasu bayyana, wanda zai taimaka da farin cikin tsabtace lambun kwari. Zabi naku ne - ku kasance cikin abokantaka da dabi'un kada ku lalata shi da magungunan kashe ƙwari ko kuma ku kasance cikin gida mai tsabta, amma "matacce".