Blooming jinsunan begonias shirya ainihin mai haske show a cikin gidan. Babu cikin yanayin canzawar launi, ko kuma a cikin tsananin kyau da kwarjini, ba wani tsirrai daya da yake shimfida su. Duk da gaskiyar cewa nau'ikan furanni na fure sun daɗe suna zama tsirrai masu tsinkaye kuma nesa ba kusa ba, har yanzu ya dace a rarrabe su kamar ba gargajiya ba, amma al'adun zamani. M da tsoro, suna bayar da sha'awar zane-zanen acrylic da cikakkun siffofinsu. Kuma kodayake waɗannan ba ƙananan tsire-tsire ba ne, suna da bambanci a cikin kowane ma'anar kalmar.
Fara Zahar (Begonia Lorraine)Begonias na musamman tare da fure mai haske
Ba dama kwatsam ba cewa jinsin furanni na begonias sun zama mafi mashahuri nau'ikan waɗannan tsirrai masu ban mamaki kuma sun daɗe suna mamaye gandun daji da gasarsu. Rarraba begonias na ɗakin a cikin ƙungiyoyi biyu, waɗanda aka ɗauka kusan daban-daban ne daban-daban, ba mai haɗari ba ne kuma an baratattu. Kodayake begonias na ado na ganye suna da daraja kusanci, kuma ba su da sauƙi kamar yadda za a iya ɗauka, fure begonias har yanzu shine mafi yawan abubuwan da aka fi so na asalin Begonia a cikin dakin.
Begonias tare da kyawawan fure ya zama sananne ga furannin da aka tattara na furanni na 1-2 a cikin sako-sako ko kuma ɗakunan denser tare da digiri mai sauƙi ko bambance bambancen furanni na terry, siffar wanda galibi idan aka kwatanta shi da kan kabeji. Gaskiya ne, tare da nau'o'in furanni na yanzu na fure, zaka iya samun irin wannan a sifar zuwa fure, peony, mai kamannin tauraro, anemone, clove-dimbin yawa ko wasu furanni na asali. Flowering begonias a tsayi suna iyakance ga 20-50 cm, haɓakawa a cikin ɗayan ƙarami da ciyawar daji ko tsiro mai banƙyama tare da harbe rataye (a cikin furanni na ampel begonia an tattara su cikin matattarar drooping). Ganyayyakin Begonia ba su yi kama da nau'ikan ganye na kayan ado ta wata hanya ba, amma a yayin bincike na kusa, kamanninsu a bayyane yake. Kamar duk begonias, a cikin kyawawan ganye ganye masu ban sha'awa, mafi yawan lokuta zuciya-mai siffa, tare da gefen jagged. Launinsu launinsu daga duhu zuwa matsakaici mai haske mai haske da koren haske, na iya zama ciyawa ko Emerald, kuma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ire-iren ganye da shunayya masu launin shuɗi sun zama sananne.
Iri da nau'ikan begonias na fure
Idan ya zo ga nau'in halitta da kuma bambancin bambancin fure begonias, yana da daraja a shirya don rashin tabbas da rikice-rikice. Abinda ya kasance shine cewa duk begonias na zamani tare da kyawawan fure sune matasan. Kuma koda muna magana ne game da takamaiman nau'ikan, har yanzu ana gabatar dashi don siyarwa ta nau'ikan da suka wuce zaɓuka masu tsayi da wahala. Zaɓin fure begonias, ba lallai ba ne don tsananin bin sunan Botanical tsire-tsire, saboda sau da yawa iri iri a cikin littattafai daban-daban suna suna daban. Babban abu shine ado na shuka. An zabi Begonias da zuciya da idanu, don jin daɗinku da kuma ciki.
Hanyar da za a iya zabar begonias na fure ba ta iyakance ta kowane siga ba. Kawai a cikin paleti mai launi suna kewayon daga haske zuwa haske da mafi yawan launuka daban-daban na fari, launin rawaya, ruwan hoda, ruwan lemo, ja, launuka masu launin shuɗi, ba a ma ambaci launuka iri-iri iri daban-daban ba da kuma haɗa nau'ikan sautin biyu waɗanda ke faɗaɗa launuka masu launi na kyawawan furanni begonias har ma da ƙari.
Hedgehog begonia, ko kuma begonia na gaba (Begonia cucullata)Mafi mashahuri irin furanni begonias:
Yawan nau'in Begonia suna da fure-fure ko kullun-fure (a yau sunan suna Dankali begonia (Faraonia cucullata), amma har yanzu sanannu ne da ake kira Begonia semperflorens) - wannan nau'in begonia ne, wanda aka samo shi ta hanyar ƙetare nau'ikan begonias guda 5 na Latin Amurka. Waɗannan ciyayi masu tsire-tsire masu fure ne mai sauƙi, duhu mai duhu ko kore, ganye mai haske, wanda ke kusa da harbe-tsire mai laushi. Kowane shuka flaunts sako-sako da inflorescences farin, ruwan hoda ko ja furanni da ya bayyana akan dogon farfajiya daga axils na ganye. Furanni na iya zama ninki biyu kuma mai sauƙi. Evergreen begonia blooms kullum da m. Bambance-bambancen da ke bayyane suna sauƙaƙa rarrabe tsirrai tare da furanni huɗu masu furanni huɗu tare da samfurori tare da furanni biyar na fure-fure. Wannan begonia tana da ɗumbin yawa iri da kuma jerin iri - daga ƙarami (har zuwa 20 cm) "Cocktail", "Eureka", "Olimpia", "Sarauniya" zuwa matsakaiciyar matsakaici (kimanin 25 cm) "Jakadan", "Vision", "Nasara "zuwa rabin mita rabin na Stara, Lotto, Baby Wing Pink, jerin Inferno.
Hybrids na kungiyar "Elatior" (suna cikin kuskure da alaƙa da begonia wani tsayi, shuka iri, wanda galibi ana ci gaba da rarrabawa ne ƙarƙashin sunan Bottanical Begonia elatior, kodayake bisa ga sabon bayanan an sake karanta shi azaman Begonia reniformis; a nan ya fi dacewa a magana game da wani rukuni daban na nau'ikan, maimakon nau'in halittun iri ɗaya. tsirrai - Begonia x hybrida "Elatior"). An buƙaci ire-ire saboda shahararsu tare da manyan furanni masu kama da anemones da wardi, launuka da yawa da ikon yin fure a cikin hunturu ko kusan rashin gajiyawa (a cikin wasu kundin adireshi ana tallata su kamar yadda suke yin fure duk shekara, kodayake suna buƙatar lokacin hutawa). "Elator" yana girma a cikin ɗakuna da al'adun lambu. Tsire-tsire suna buɗe ƙananan bushes tare da furanni masu haske waɗanda ke rufe daukacin daji.
Begonias na kungiyar "Lorraine" - nau'in hunturu-hunturu na begonias, waɗanda ɗayan kayan ado ne masu ban sha'awa na ciki na hunturu. Paleti mai launi na waɗannan begonias an iyakance shi kawai ta hanyar fararen launuka da ruwan hoda, amma bushes yayi kama da girgije.
Begonias na ƙungiyar "Belleconia", "Pendula" da sauran begonias mai ban sha'awa - tsire-tsire masu ban sha'awa tare da furanni masu ban sha'awa na fure mai ban sha'awa waɗanda suke yi kamar fure-fure. Haɗe furanni masu fure da haɗe tare da tsari mai ban sha'awa na rataye harbe.
Kamar yadda fure shuka a dakin yanayi, yana yiwuwa ya yi girma biyu daji da kuma ampelous irin tuberous begonias (Begonia x tuberhybrida). Wadannan tsire-tsire, waɗanda aka saba da su daga tukwane da kayan amfanin gona, na iya yin fure a cikin ƙasa. Tuberous begonias ji mai girma a cikin wannan yanayi kamar yadda na gargajiya na gida, fure begonias. Bayan fure, ɓangaren sararin samaniya gaba ɗaya ya shuɗe, kuma ana kiyaye ƙwannunan a cikin yanayi mai sanyi na kusan watanni uku (digiri 12-15) kusan bushe, bayan wannan ana dasa su kuma an koma yanayin da aka saba don jan fure, a hankali sake tsayar da shayarwa da ciyar.
Farar furanni na BegoniaKula da kyawawan fure begonias a gida
Da kyau flowering begonias ba za a iya kira hadaddun da tsire-tsire wuya. Don kula da ɗandaɗaɗɗen fure da jin daɗin kusan duk shekara, tsire-tsire har yanzu suna da kulawa, kulawa mai zurfi. Amma babu wasu matsaloli na musamman a cikin girma kyawawan furanni masu kyau; sun dace har ma da masu fararen furannin farawa. Abinda kawai yake jawowa shine shine rashin karfin tsirrai, da bukatar sake sabuntawa duk 'yan shekaru.
Haske don fure begonias
Kamar kusan duk begonias, kyawawan tsire-tsire masu launuka masu kyau suna dacewa sosai da yanayin haske daban-daban, amma cikin haske da aka warwatsa da kuma wurare dan kadan. Tsirrai basa iya tsayawa hasken rana kai tsaye, musamman lokacin rani. Sills na yamma da gabashi na taga suna la'akari da kyau ga waɗannan begonias. A hasken rana hours na da kyau flowering begonias ya kamata optimally zama 16 hours. A cikin hunturu, ana bada shawarar tsire-tsire a matakin fure don haskakawa ko sake shiryawa zuwa wurare masu haske.
A duk tsawon lokacin furanni, bai kamata a juya Begonia ba kuma ya fi kyau kar a motsa shi. Don canji mai sauƙin haske, musamman juyawa zuwa ga abin da ya danganci hasken fitilar, Begonia na iya amsa ta ta hanyar saukar da fure ko furanni.
Zazzabi mai nutsuwa
Begonias tare da fure mai marmari ba su da alaƙa zuwa yanayin zafi. Babban abin da za a kula da shi shine iyakance mafi ƙarancin zazzabi a lokacin sanyi zuwa digiri 18-20 Celsius. Amma sauran shekara, da kyau flowering begonias daidaita da kyau zuwa al'ada dakin yanayi. Dukkanin alamun da ke cikin kewayon daga 20 zuwa 25 na zafi ana ɗauka mafi kyau. Begonias suna son kwanciyar hankali, dole ne a kare su daga tsalle-tsalle a cikin zazzabi, musamman ma a cikin lokaci na budding da fure, kamar yadda kuma daga zafin da ya wuce kima, wanda ke rage lokacin fure.
Yawancin sababbin begonias ba tsire-tsire na cikin gida bane kawai. Suna jin babu muni duka a cikin ingancin baranda da kuma rawar da ake dasa shukar lambu. Amma ba za su iya tsayawa dalla-dalla ba da bambanci mai kyau a cikin yanayi, suna buƙatar daidaitawar hankali a hankali zuwa sabon iska da sababbin ɗakuna. Ya kamata a kiyaye tsirrai daga mahalli, kuma su tabbatar da cewa ba a cika ƙammar ƙurar a lokacin sanyi.
Watering da zafi
Don cin nasara cikin girma begonias da kuma sha'awan yawan fure don watanni, kuna buƙatar kulawa da hankali da zafi na substrate. Don begonias na fure, ana buƙatar matsakaicin watering don kula da haske, gumi mai laushi. Ana aiwatar da waɗannan hanyoyin, ta barin ƙasa ta sama ta bushe. Begonias ba sa son kawai stagnation na ruwa, amma kuma wuce kima danshi a lokacin ban ruwa mai nauyi, hawa mai sauka a cikin danshi abun ciki na substrate. Ambaliyar ruwa tana da matukar hadari a gare su. A cikin hunturu, an rage yawan ruwa zuwa ƙarami, riƙe kawai danshi ƙasa mai ba da haske kuma yana ƙyale shi ya bushe kusan gaba ɗaya tsakanin jiyya.
Don begonias na fure, ruwa mai laushi, ana amfani dashi. Ya kamata a kula da shi game da zazzabi, wanda ya dace da yawan zafin jiki na iska a cikin ɗakin.
Idityarancin iska shine muhimmin ma'auni don cimma musamman fure mai ban sha'awa da kuma tsawaita lokacin ta. Amma, amma ga kowane tsirrai na wannan asalin, an haramta fesa ruwa don begonias. Kuna iya ƙara yawan alamun zafi na waɗannan tsire-tsire ta wasu hanyoyin - sanya su a kan akwati tare da ɗakunan leyaji ko yumɓu da aka faɗaɗa, shigar da huɗar iska, da sauransu. Kyakkyawan furanni na begonias ba sa buƙatar yanayin zafi "na wurare masu zafi"; ƙimar matsakaici da kariya daga bushewar bazara a lokacin bazara kuma a lokacin dumama sun isa gare su.
Farin cikin ruwaTop miya don begonias na fure
Duk da yawa da kuma tsawo flowering, begonias ba sa bukatar m kai miya. Wadannan tsire-tsire suna kula da yawan salts ma'adinai, saboda haka ana amfani da takin mai magani tare da daidaitaccen mita. Mafi kyawun hanyoyin aiwatarwa shine lokaci 1 cikin kwanaki 14-15 lokacin amfani da cikakken takin takin mai magani ko sutturar sutturar sati mai ƙwaya da rabin adadin takin. Ciyar da abinci yana gudana a cikin tsawon lokacin furanni da ciyayi masu aiki.
Zai fi kyau don zaɓar takin mai magani musamman wanda aka tsara don begonias don kyawawan furanni na begonias, amma cakuda hadaddun da aka tsara don tsirrai na fure tare da cikakken wakilcin abubuwan abubuwan alama ma sun dace. Kula da gaskiyar cewa flowering begonias ba su yi haƙuri da sulfur, amma sun amsa gaskiya ma ga gabatarwar manganese da boron (ƙarin takin da boric acid da potassium permanganate za a iya za'ayi a cikin rabo na 0.1 g da 1 lita na ruwa).
Trimming, sabuwa da tallafawa begonias
Da kyau flowering begonias yawanci pruned nan da nan bayan flowering. Game da buƙatar yin riga da kayan aikinsa shine a fayyace bayanan lokacin sayen. A cikin kullun begonias, da elongated harbe yawanci a taƙaice gajarta kuma ana cire lalatattun masu rauni da marasa ƙarfi. Sauran abin da aka yi ya rage ne don cirewar farfajiyoyin.
Saboda tsawo da kuma lush fure, da kyau fure begonias rasa biyu yalwatacce launi da kuma compactness tare da shekaru. Idan bushes rasa sakamako na ado, ana ba da shawarar sake dawo da su ta hanyar hanyar itace. Cardinal pruning a matsayin hanyar sake sabuntawar fure begonias bai dace ba. Matsakaicin mitar sabuntuwa shine lokaci 1 cikin shekaru 2-3.
Kyakkyawan fure begonias ba kawai m, har ma sosai m, kuma mai yawan tsire-tsire na iya girma har zuwa babban girma. Saboda rashin ƙarfi, harbe ba koyaushe ba zai iya yin tsayayya da nauyin manyan inflorescences, kuma mafi yawan kuzari da ɗimbin furanni masu yawa ana iya buƙatar tallafi a cikin ɗan gajeren jirgin sama na matakala ko madauwari “madauki” don hana fashewar harbe-harbe masu laushi.
Kawa Kara Zara Kayar (Begonia elatior)Dasawa da canza ruwa
Da kyau flowering begonias ana dasa shi nan da nan bayan fure ko kafin farkon girma, a farkon watan Fabrairu. Dabarar aminci shine dasawa bayan fure. Ana yin daskarewa a kan shuka, bayan wannan an canza shi zuwa sabon substrate. Za'a iya yin tsire-tsire masu ƙwazo sosai tare da mita na 1 a cikin shekaru 2, amma yawanci suna aiwatar da dasawa na shekara-shekara.
Zabi na musanya don begonias yana da matukar muhimmanci. Da kyau flowering begonias ba zai iya jure wa lissafin takaddara na ƙasa ba, kuma cakuda ƙasa ya kamata ya zama sako-sako, mai lumfashi da haske. Akwai wasu kebantattun abubuwa na musamman don begonias akan siyarwa, amma cakuda tare da tsarin tsarin fibrous mai adalci shima ya dace (haɗuwa da Heather da gonar gona tare da taki a cikin rabo na 5: 5: 1, turf ƙasa tare da peat, humus da yashi a daidai gwargwado, da dai sauransu) an fifita. dan kadan acidic tare da kimar pH daga 5.5 zuwa 6.5. Ana iya ƙara Perlite ko vermiculite zuwa ƙasa don inganta numfashi.
Canza wuri na fure begonias ne da za'ayi a hankali, cire ƙasa ƙasa a kasan wani earthen coma, amma ƙoƙarin guji lamba tare da na sama tushen tsarin. Babban aikin shine sanya babban magudanar ruwa mai karfi a kasan tanki.
Don begonias na fure, an fi son kwantena mai fadi wanda zurfin ƙasa da diamita yake. Don rage haɗarin haɓar ƙasa kuma inganta musayar iska a cikin substrate, yana da kyau zaɓi zaɓin kwantena mai adalci (a al'adance ko da manyan fure begonias suna girma a cikin kwantena tare da diamita na kusan 14 cm).
Cutar da kwari
Powdery mildew shi babban hatsari ga flowering begonias. Mafi sau da yawa, suna ba da shawarar nan da nan lalata ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, tun da yake yaƙi har ma da yin amfani da fungicides da wuya ya kawo sakamako mai kyau, kuma begonia kusan koyaushe ya mutu ko ya rasa tasirin adonsa har ya fi dacewa ya cece shi ta hanyar yaduwa daga ɓaɓɓukan tsiron. An samo shi akan begonias na fure da launin toka mai lalacewa (tare da lalata ruwa na ƙasa), da aphids, wanda yafi kyau don yin gwagwarmaya tare da kashe kwari nan da nan.
Matsalolin girma gama gari:
- bayyanar tabo a cikin ganyayyaki lokacin da magudanan ruwa suka faɗi;
- faduwa buds a cikin zayyana ko tare da bambancin zafin jiki mai kaifi;
- faduwa da ganye a cikin sanyi;
- blanching na ganye da elongation na harbe da shading mai karfi;
- bushewa da gefuna na ganyayyaki da browning na ganye a rana kai tsaye ko cikin matsanancin bushe.
Hedgehog begonia, ko kuma begonia na gaba (Begonia cucullata)Yaduwa da flowering begonias
Hanya mafi kyau don yaduwar matasan begonias shine kyawawan itace. A cikin waɗannan tsire-tsire, ana iya amfani da ganyen ganye don samo sababbin tsirrai. Amma hanya mafi sauƙi ita ce a cire tushen apical na daidaitaccen tsawon 7-10 cm, a yanka daga tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire (marasa fure). Mafi kyawun lokacin shine bazara ko bazara. Yankan sun kafe a cikin yashi a rigar a kaɗa.
A cikin manyan samfurori masu tsayi, za a iya amfani da hanyar mafi sauƙi, rabewar bushes, azaman hanyar yaduwa. Amma ba ya haifar da sabuntawa, kuma har yanzu za a sake sabunta shuka a daidai wannan madogara, saboda haka ya fi kyau a zaɓi yankan nan da nan.
Non-matasan begonias tare da sauki maimakon furanni biyu ana yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba. An warwatsa a farfajiya na ƙasa a farkon bazara ko kuma nan da nan bayan girbi, ba tare da rufe ƙasa da tsiro a ƙarƙashin fim ko gilashi a cikin haske mai haske da dumi. Otsan ganye suna haɓaka cikin sauri, suna dushe a mataki na ganye na biyu. Dole ne a kiyaye ƙananan tsire-tsire daga ruwa.
