HALITTAR na actinidia nasa ne a gidan actinidia kuma shine itacen da yake sanya maye gurbi. Liaƙƙarfan shuka shine babban dalilin haɓakar shi: yana da launi mai ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa. Furanni, yawanci farare ne, nau'ikan rukuni na 3, a cikin yawancin jinsuna basa jin warin, amma wasu actinidia suna da wari mai daɗi.
Tun da actinidia fure ne mai dioecious, don yaduwarta, ana buƙatar tsire-tsire guda biyu na nau'ikan maza daban. Kuna iya fahimtar menene jinsi furen ku ta hanyar bincika shi - mace tana da babban pistil a tsakiyar fure, yayin da maza basu da shi. Actinidia na kawo 'ya'yan itatuwa da suka dace da amfanin ɗan adam.
Iri da iri
Tsakanin nau'ikan wannan tsiro, ana shuka uku. Tsaya shi kadai interspecific actinidia, auren mata fiye da daya da halittu.
Muhawara Actinidia a cikin daji ke tsiro zuwa babban girman da kamar wata dubun mita. A gida, ya fi ƙanƙanta. Tana da kyawawan launuka, fure, fararen fure, fure mai ƙanshi mai daɗi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne edible, amma suna da m laxative Properties.
Mafi mashahuri iri: Actinidia autologous, bakin teku, babban fruited.
Actinidia colomictus ya yarda da lokacin sanyi fiye da kowane nau'in. Ganyen yana zagaye, dunƙulen, a cikin ci gaban ci gaba canza launi. Furanni a cikin maza suna haɗuwa cikin inflorescences, kuma a cikin mace suna da aure.
Iri: Abarba, Dr. Shimanovsky, Abin ci.
Yin auren mata fiye da daya na Actinidia yayi kama da kallon launi. Fushin yana da kyau, tsawon lokaci, an rufe shi da farin aibobi. Wasu lokuta ana samun samfuran hermaphrodite tare da furanni na bisexual.
Iri: apricot, kyakkyawa, mai tsari.
Actinidia purpurea yayi girma sosai kuma yana tasowa a cikin inuwa. Da kyar ake girma a cikin kasarmu saboda rashin kyawun yanayin rashin sanyi.
Actinidia matasan ya bayyana ta hanyar tsabtace muhawara actinidia tare da actinidia purpurea. Godiya ga wannan tsari, an ƙirƙiri nau'ikan da suke da yawa kuma masu tsayayya wa sanyi.
Iri: Kiev manyan-fruited, alewa, kyauta.
Actinidia dasa da kulawa
Ya kamata a dasa Actinidia a farkon bazara ko kaka. Tun da yake wannan shuka tana zaune na dogon lokaci, tana buƙatar zaɓar wurin da ya dace don yayi girma. Wannan itacen inabin yana girma da kyau a cikin inuwa, amma 'ya'yan itaciyarta na iya yin fure kawai lokacin da rana ke haskaka shi. Sabili da haka, kuna buƙatar zaɓar wurin da za a kunna wuta har tsakar rana, kuma a lokacin zafin rana ya kasance cikin inuwa.
Ba za ku iya dasa actinidia kusa da itatuwan apple ba, tun da irin wannan yanki yana shafar shi da kyau. Wannan shuka ba yayi girma da kyau a kan yumbu. A gare ta, kuna buƙatar zaɓar ƙasa mara kyau tare da malalewa mai kyau, shima ba shi yiwuwa cewa alkaline ne.
Zai fi kyau shuka actinidia a kan tsauni ko gangara, saboda in ba haka ba Tushen tsiron zai lalace saboda turɓayar ruwa.
Dasa a cikin bazara ya kamata a aiwatar da shi kafin ruwan 'ya'yan itace ya fara motsawa. Mutane daban-daban suna buƙatar a dasa su ƙasa da masa'in mita. Idan saukar da ƙasa ta gudana kusa da bango, to, zaku iya sanya kofe a nesa na 50 cm.
Kafin dasa shuki, ana bincikar Tushen tsabtace tsabtace tsabtace da kayan bushewa. Sannan a sanya su a cikin yumbu mai yumbu.
Dasa actinidia
Kwanaki 15 kafin sauka, kuna buƙatar shirya shafin. An haƙa ramuka rabin-rabi, an saka magudanar ruwa a cikinsu (kowane, sai dai kayan da ke ɗauke da lemun tsami, tunda yana kashe ƙasa). Sannan rami ya cika da ƙasa wanda aka cakuda shi da peat da kayan miya da aka sanya a ciki (120 grams na ammonium nitrate, 250 na superphosphate da 35 na itace ash).
A wannan yanayin, ba za ku iya amfani da miya tare da chlorine ba. Bayan makonni biyu, kasar za ta zauna, kuma kuna buƙatar cike ƙasa ba tare da takin ƙasa ba. Yanzu zaku iya dasa actinidia; an sanya shi domin tushen wuya ya zama a saman saman ƙasa, sannan saiwoyin ya yi barci har ramin ya cika.
Bayan dasa shuki da tsire-tsire, ana shayar da su, kuma an rufe makircin da 4 cm na ciyawa na peat. Haka kuma yana da kyau a sanya shinge don kada kuliyoyi su isa sauka, tunda ƙanshin actinidia yana jan hankalin su.
A cikin kaka, ana shuka furanni 15-20 kwanaki kafin isowar sanyi. Akwai yanayi don dasawa a wannan lokacin - zaku iya dasa tsire-tsire matasa, ba su girmi shekaru uku ba. Za a iya dasa anemones na teku kusa da gidaje da kuma gazebos, saboda ba su da tushen iska.
Idan baku ba da goyan baya ga kurangar ba, to za su lalace kuma zai yi wahala ku kula da su, haka nan adadin 'ya'yan itatuwa zasu ragu. Yayin da shuka ke tsiro kuma tana haɓaka, ana buƙatar ɗaure shi da goyon baya domin ya ci gaba da jan gaba.
Zai fi kyau zuwa ruwa actinidia ta hanyar fesawa, yin wannan safe da maraice. A kewayen tsire-tsire kuna buƙatar sassauta ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma ku lalata ciyayi.
Inarin aikin Actinidia
Ciyar da liana tare da ma'adanai waɗanda zasu taimaka haɓaka haɓaka mai tushe, taimakawa motsa lokacin hunturu da haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa. Tare da zuwan bazara, kuna buƙatar yin 35 grams na nitrogen da 20 gram na potassium-phosphorus fertilizing da murabba'in mitir na ƙasar.
A karo na biyu kenan da zaka hadar da fure a lokacin haila. Ya kamata ku yi gram 20 na nitrogen da potash 10 da phosphorus a kowace murabba'in murabba'in.
A cikin rabin rabin Satumba, ana yin takin na uku. A wannan karon, an kara gram 20 na potassium-phosphorus miya a cikin murabba'in mita. Bayan taki, ya kamata a shayar da tsire-tsire da kyau.
Dokar Trimming Actinidia
Saboda haka mai tushe ba da karin rassan, da waɗanda suke, girma more na rayayye, ya kamata a hõre su formative pruning. Lura cewa vines ɗin da suka girmi shekaru 4 kawai za a iya gyara su ta wannan hanyar.
Dole ne a aiwatar da hanyar a lokacin bazara, bayan haka an rarraba mai tushe tare da tallafi. Hakanan, saɗaɗa ƙarshen mai tushe yana shafar shuka sosai.
Lokacin da actinidia yana da shekara takwas, yana da daraja yin girki mai sake lalacewa - wannan yana nufin cewa 40 cm daga cikin kututture zai kasance ne daga tsire.
Kada a datsa a lokacin bazara ko farkon faduwar rana. Wannan an cika shi tare da mutuwar shuka saboda asarar ruwan 'ya'yan itace.
Bayan tsakiyar Satumba, yanke da mai tushe a cikin rabin kuma yanke rassan. Anyi wannan ne don dalilai masu tsabta. Idan kambi ya yi girma da yawa, inji ba ya jure hunturu da kyau. Tare da nasarar da aka samu na shekaru 3-4, actinidia zai fara yin 'ya'ya.
Tsarin Actinidia don hunturu
Don hunturu, ƙananan tsire-tsire suna buƙatar cirewa daga kayan tallafin kuma an rufe shi da ciyayi. Shirya ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallo mai ban sha'awa - kusan cm 20. Hakanan yana da kyau a ƙara guba don berayen da ke ƙarƙashinsa. Tsohon actinidia na hunturu ba zai iya ɓoyewa ba.
Haihuwar Actinidia
Propagating actinidia abu ne mai sauki. Babban abu shine a tuna cewa hanyoyin tsirrai suna tura halayen jima'i.
Hanyar iri ba ta da kyau saboda idan aka yi amfani da ita, haruffan ƙwayoyin cuta sun ɓace, kuma ba shi yiwuwa a tantance jima'i na shuka. Amma yaduwar iri tana da ƙari: tsire-tsire da aka samu ta wannan hanya sun fi jurewa.
'Ya'yan itãcen actinidia da aka samo ta hanyar rashin ciyawar ya bayyana a shekara ta uku, ta zuriya - a cikin na biyar ko na bakwai.
Yin yaduwar Actinidia ta hanyar farawa
Farfadowa daga actinidia ta hanyar yadarar baka mai yiwuwa ita ce mafi sauki kuma mafi amintacciyar hanya don samun sabon shuka. Lokacin da motsi na bazara na ruwan 'ya'yan itace ƙare da ƙananan ganye suna bayyana, ɗauki sandal mai ƙarfi kuma haɗa shi a ƙasa.
Daga nan sai a yayyafa tufar da ƙasa, a sa wani tudun ƙasan a samansa, amma a tabbata cewa ƙarshen kara zai kasance a buɗe. Bayan haka, yi ƙoƙarin shayar da ruwa kuma share yankin da ke akwai game da ciyawa, kuma da kaka kaka shuka zai shirya don dasawa.
Yaduwa da actinidia ta yanke
Yanke shine hanya mafi sauri don yada actinidia. Yi aikin a farkon lokacin bazara, lokacin da mai tushe ya zama launin ruwan kasa.
Don yaduwar actinidia ta hanyar yanke, yanke wasu branchesan matasa da dama ba su girmi shekara guda kafin tsakar rana ba. Sannan sun kasu kashi 10 cm domin kowannensu yana da kodan 3 da 2 internodes. An yi sare da kasa a wani kwana. Suna kawar da ƙananan ƙananan ganye, kuma babba na sama rabin ne.
Bayan haka, ana shuka kayan a cikin greenhouse a cikin ƙasa tare da ƙarancin acidity (2 sassan), gauraye da humus (2 sassa) da yashi kogin (rabon 1), da hadaddun ma'adinai mai haɗari ba tare da chlorine ba.
An dasa yankan a wani kusurwa na 60 °, ajiye 6 cm tsakanin mutane da 10 tsakanin layuka. Bayan wannan, ana shayar da kayan, ana matse ƙasa kaɗan kuma an sake shayar, sannan kuma an ninka ninki biyu tare da tsageran roba.
Har sai lokacin da tushen ya ƙare, za a buƙaci a shayar da tsiron har sau biyar a rana, ta hanyar fesa ruwa, zaku iya yin wannan kawai ta hanyar tsari. Bayan kwanaki 15, an cire gauze. Don hunturu, an sanya kayan, kuma a cikin bazara za'a riga an dasa shi akan sabon wurin.
Actinidia stalk yaduwa
Actinidia kuma za'a iya yada shi ta hanyar jingina mai tushe.
Don yin wannan, suna buƙatar a yanke su a ƙarshen lokacin kaka, a ɗaure su a tsaye a cikin yashi a zazzabi na matsakaicin 5 ° C.
Dasa kayan shine a cikin za'ayi a cikin lemu a shayar da wasu 'yan kwanaki. Kuma a sa'an nan kula da seedlings ba ya bambanta da irin su kore kore.
Seedin Kwaikwayo
Don amfani da yaduwar iri, kuna buƙatar tattara tsaba daga 'ya'yan itaciyar da aka farfashe. An saka su cikin gauze, knead da wanke. Bayan wannan, an zaɓi tsaba kuma an bushe a kan takarda a cikin inuwa.
A farkon Disamba, ana sanya tsaba tsawon kwanaki 4 cikin ruwa, domin ruwa ya rufe su kamar santimita kawai. A lokaci guda, ana buƙatar maye gurbin ruwa kowace rana.
Bayan haka, kayan suna nannade cikin masana'anta na nylon kuma a adana shi a cikin akwati tare da yashi mai ƙura a zazzabi na 19 ° C. Kowane kwanaki 7, masana'anta suna buƙatar cirewa kuma sanyaya su na mintina 5, bayan haka an wanke tsaba, a sake rufe su da masana'anta kuma a saka cikin yashi. Mafi mahimmanci, kayan ya kamata ya kasance rigar koyaushe.
A tsakiyar lokacin hunturu, ana iya sanya akwati mai yashi da tsaba a cikin dusar kankara. Idan hunturu ba dusar ƙanƙara ba, to, ana sanya akwatin a cikin firiji a cikin kayan lambu. Bayan kwanaki 60, ana sanya akwati mai amfani da tsaba a cikin daki mai yawan zafin jiki a yankin na 11 ° C.
Kamar yadda kafin sanyaya, ana buƙatar wanke tsaba a kowane kwana 7, kuma idan an gano germination, ana shuka su a cikin ƙasa daga yashi kogin sod. Ana gudanar da saukowa a 5 mm.
An sanya akwati tare da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a cikin inuwa m, ana buƙatar shafa masa kullun. Tare da bayyanar ganye na gaskiya guda uku a tsire-tsire, an mai da su cikin gidan kore. Farkon fure zai faru ba da daɗewa ba, kuma daidai da jima'i na shuka har sai ba za ku iya tantancewa ba.
Cutar da kwari
Actinidia ba kasafai rashin lafiya yake da tsayayya wa masu kamuwa da cuta ba, amma idan akwai rashin bin dokokin kulawa, akwai lamuran lalacewar shuka. Mafi yawan lokuta akwai matsaloli tare da mildew foda da kuma fungi daban-daban. Haka kuma an samo 'ya'yan itace rot, daskararre na fata.
- Powdery mildew an zubar dashi tare da maganin rauni na ash ash. Sauran cututtukan da aka ambata ana yin yaƙi da su ta hanyar magance sassan cututtukan, kamar yadda ake amfani da maganin prophylactic tare da ƙwayar Bordeaux bayan ƙirƙirar koda da kuma sauran kwanaki 15 bayan farkon.
Daga cikin kwari, gwozayen ganye waɗanda ke lalata kodan galibi suna manne da actinidia. Hakanan kuma an sami nasara a cikin ƙwayoyin haushi da lacewings.
