Kniphofia

Knungiyar tsinke da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta na ganye (Kniphofia), wanda kuma ake kira kniphofia, wakili ne na dangin Asphodelidae Xanthorrhoea da ke ƙasa. A yanayi, irin wannan shuka yana tsiro a Gabashi har ma da Afirka ta Kudu, yayin da za'a iya haduwa da shi a tsawan nisan mil 4,000 sama da matakin teku. A baya, wannan dabi'ar ta wakilin dangin Liliaceae ne. Ya haɗu da nau'ikan 75, wasu daga cikinsu, har ma da nau'in girkinfiya, ana horar dasu azaman furanni. Wannan asalin sunan shi ne bayan masanin kimiyyar gabacin kasar nan Johann Jerome Kniphof.

Fasali knizofii

Itatuwan furanni na fure na knizofia shine perennial na zamani wanda za'a iya kasancewa mai duhu. Tsayin bushes ya bambanta daga 0.6 zuwa 1.5 m. A lokaci guda, Thomson's knizofi na iya samun tsayi kusan cm 300. shortan gajeren rhizome yana da kauri. Bishiyar rosette ta ƙunshi faranti na ganye na fata na siffar xiphoid. Leafless peduncles girma daga tsakiyar wannan kanti, wanda ke ɗaukar hoto na apical inflorescences na sultanate ko sifa mai fasalin. Abun da ya shafi inflorescences ya hada da drooping kananan furanni masu launin ja, rawaya ko murjani mai launi. Irin wannan al'ada tana da sifofi guda ɗaya, wato: buds (galibi ja) da furanni (mafi yawanci rawaya) akan daji ɗaya ana fentin su a launuka daban-daban. Knifofia yana fure a tsakiyar lokacin bazara, kuma bishiyar daji mai lalacewa baya rasa bayyanar ta hanyar ban mamaki har zuwa ƙarshen kaka. 'Ya'yan itacen akwati ne.

Gida na knifophia na waje

Wani lokaci don shuka

Knifofiya an girma daga tsaba a cikin irin seedling. Za'ayi shuka ne a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Maris ko na farko - a watan Afrilu, don wannan, ana amfani da drawers cike da haɗakar ƙasa don furanni, waɗanda aka riga aka lalata. Ya kamata a rufe manyan kwalaye da fim. Amfanin gona kafin ana iya sa shuki a kan windowsill ko a tsabtace cikin greenhouse. Zasu bukaci samun iska mai tsari da ruwa. 'Ya'yan seedlings na farko zasu fara fitowa bayan kwanaki 15-20, bayan haka ya kamata su fara sabawa da yanayin ɗakin, don wannan kuna buƙatar cire tsari na ɗan lokaci kowace rana, yayin da tsawon lokacin ya kamata a ƙara hankali. Lokacin da faratun farko na fararen ganye na farawa akan tsire-tsire, zasu buƙaci tara, saboda wannan suna amfani da kofuna waɗanda keɓaɓɓu. Ya kamata a lura cewa wannan al'adar tana mayar da martani matuƙa don yanayin sanyaya, da damina da yanayin sanyi. A wannan batun, dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa bude ya kamata a aiwatar a watan Yuli bayan an dawo da daskararrun sanyi kuma an sanya yanayi mai ɗumi a ciki.

Dokokin saukarwa

Yankunan da aka rufe ba su dace da dasa shuki irin wannan fure ba, saboda yana ɗayan tsire-tsire masu hoto. Mafi kyawun wuri don dasa shi zai zama haɓakawa wanda ke cikin ɓangaren kudancin gonar. A kasar gona dole ne da-permeable danshi-resistant. Lura cewa kwararar ruwa a cikin tushen tsarin na iya lalata shuka sosai. Hanya mafi kyau don shuka irin wannan fure itace ƙasa mai yashi, wadda dole ne a sako ta kuma hadi kafin a dasa shukifiya.

A wurin da aka shirya, wajibi ne don yin rami rami, tsakanin abin da suke kiyaye nesa na 0.3-0.4 m. Wadannan ramuka dole ne a zubar da ruwa, bayan waɗancan dasa shuki a cikinsu. Girman ramuka ya kamata ya zama ƙarancin tushen tsarin tsiro, wanda aka ɗauke tare tare da dunƙule na ƙasa. Bayan dasa shuki da tsire-tsire, dole ne a cika ramuka da ƙimar ƙasa mai mahimmanci. Farfajiya na kasar gona da ke kewaye da dazuzzukan an yi mata ruwa, kuma ana shayar da tsire-tsire kansu.

Kula da knifofiya a cikin lambun

Abu ne mai sauqi ka shuka knifofiya akan tsarin lambunka. A lokacin farkon shuka bayan an dasa shuki a ƙasa mai buɗewa, dole ne a shayar da shi bisa tsari, a kwance farfajiyar ƙasa, kuma a cire ciyawar ciyawa daga wurin. Ana iya ganin fure na farko kawai a kakar wasa ta gaba kuma kawai idan tushen tsarin shuka yana da ƙarfi. Kuma don wannan wajibi ne don moisten kasar gona a cikin wani yanayi mai dacewa, amma a matsakaici, da kuma sako da kuma kwance ƙasa.

Yadda ake ruwa da ciyarwa

Ana yin ruwa kawai bayan an fitar da ganyen. Idan yanayin yayi zafi da bushewa, to lallai ne zaku sha ruwa knifofiya fiye da yadda aka saba. Don rage yawan ciyawar, kwance da ruwa, ana bada shawara don cika farfajiyar shafin tare da ciyawar ciyawa (sawdust ko peat).

Topping sama da bushes ne da za'ayi a farkon lokacin bazara kafin kore mai tushe girma ko lokacin samuwar buds. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da takin mai magani na nitrogen ko kwayoyin, kuma lokacin da daji ya bushe, an ciyar da shi tare da takin ma'adinai na potassium.

Cin nasara

Lokacin da aka girma a tsakiyar latitude, irin wannan al'ada ba dogon hanta ba ne, amma a cikin yan 'yan yanayi knifofiya zasu sami damar yin ado ga lambun ku. A daji mai lalacewa, kuna buƙatar yanke duk kiban, amma baku buƙatar taɓa foliage. Lokacin shirya furen don yin hunturu, an fara ɗaukar faratun ganye da kyau, to, ƙaren daji yana buƙatar rufe shi da wani yanki na ƙwanƙwaran peat, wanda aka rufe da rassan tsiro na fure a saman. A saman irin wannan tsari, wajibi ne don sanya kayan kayan danshi, alal misali, fim ko kayan rufin. A cikin bazara, dole ne a cire tsari daga bushes. Sannan bincika bushes kuma yanke duk lalacewa ta hanyar sanyi ko fararen ganye mai launin rawaya.

Juyawa

Idan kun haƙa daji don hunturu kuma ku kawo shi cikin gidan, to, zaku iya ƙara rayuwarsa. Don yin wannan, an cire fure daga ƙasa, to, an dasa shi a cikin tukunyar wuta kuma a saka shi a cikin ɗaki mai sanyi don hunturu. Tabbatar cewa tushen tsarin knizofia baya bushewa, don wannan akwai buƙatar ka shayar da shi da ruwa kaɗan idan ya cancanta. An shuka daji a cikin ƙasa buɗe a cikin bazara ta ƙarshe ko makonnin bazara na farko.

Cutar da kwari

Idan ka bi ka'idodin aikin gona na wannan al'ada kuma ku kula da knifofiya, to kuwa fure zai yi rauni akai-akai. Karin kwari mai cin ganye zai iya warware ta. Idan hakan ta faru, to ya kamata a kula da bushes ɗin tare da mafita daga shirye-shiryen kwari.

Idan kun shayar da irin wannan fure sau da yawa kuma yalwatacce, wannan na iya haifar da jujjuyawar ya bayyana a kan tushen tushe. Za'a iya samun tsirar shuka kawai idan aka gano cutar a farkon farkon ci gabanta. Don wannan, daji da saman ƙasa kusa da ita ana bi da su sau 2 ko 3 tare da maganin shirye-shiryen fungicidal. Idan knifofiya ta shafi lalacewa sosai, to ya kamata a cire ta daga ƙasa kuma a lalace. Idan ba a yi wannan ba, to kamuwa da cuta na iya yada zuwa ga tsire-tsire makwabta.

Iri da nau'o'in knifofiya tare da hotuna da sunaye

A cikin Turai, an ƙaddamar da ƙarancin nau'in nau'in knifofi.

Knifofia Taka (Kniphofia tuckii)

Wannan nau'in ya fito ne daga yankin kudancin Afirka. An gano shi a cikin 1892, kuma masanin kimiyya ya gano shi, a cikin sa ne aka sanya wannan nau'in girmamawar. Tsawon daji ya kai kimanin 0.8 m. Tsawon tsummokarin ganye mai launin kore ya kai kimanin 0.4 m, suna da siffar xiphoid. Inflorescences, wanda ya kai tsawon santimita 15, ya kunshi fure-rawaya mai haske, yayin da aka zana furen cikin launi mai launin shuɗi. Daga sauran nau'in knifofiya, Taka an bambanta shi da mafi girman kwanciyar hankali. Dangane da wannan, wannan nau'in ya sami babbar sanannun tsakanin lambu na latitude, kamar yadda za'a iya barin bushes don hunturu a cikin ƙasa, amma idan dai an rufe su da kyau.

Knifofiya Berry (Kniphofia UVaria)

A dabi'a, wannan nau'in za a iya samun ta Cape kawai. Tsawon daji mai tsayi kusan cm 200. Tsawon faranti mai launin shuɗi-fure ne kusan 50 cm, suna da siffar xiphoid. Manyan inflorescences a tsawon sun kai 0.25 m, ƙananan furanni masu launin shuɗi-kore, manyan kuma masu launin ja ne. Wannan tsiron ya yi fure na kimanin makonni 8. An bunkasa ta tun daga shekara ta 1707. ire-ire da ire-irensu:

Babban tsari. Tsawon daji ya kai kimanin 1.3 m. Tsawon lokacin inflorescences ya kai 0.3 m, sun ƙunshi furanni masu launin shuɗi mai launin wuta.
Dr. Kerr. Peduncles ya kai tsawon mita. Tsawon adadin inflorescences ya kai santimita 20, suna kunshe da furanni da launi ruwan lemun tsami.
Kyawun Orange. Tsawon farfajiyar yakai santimita ɗari. An tattara furanni orange a cikin inflorescences.
Wutar Lantarki. Furen an yi zanen a cikin ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi.
Popsicle. Bushes sun kai tsayin mita. Furannin da ke ƙasa suna rawaya a cikin wannan nau'in, yayin da babba za a iya fentin su a launuka daban-daban daga ja-murjani zuwa orange.

Hyip Knifophia (Kniphofia x hybrida)

Dukkanin iri da kuma nau'ikan halittar da aka kirkira ta amfani da Berry knifofiya an tattara su anan. Shahararrun hybrids da iri:

Abendzonne. Peduncles, wanda ya kai tsayin 1.2 m, ya ƙunshi ƙananan furanni rawaya da babba ja.
Cardinal. Dajin ya kai tsayin mita 1.2. Furen an fentin ja ja.
Bernox Triumph. Tsawon ƙananan ƙananan bushes ya kai kimanin 0.6 m. Coloraunar furanni sune ruwan orange.
Skeper na Zinare. Tsawon farfajiyar ya kai kimanin mil 1.2. Hadarin manyan inflorescences ya hada da furanni masu launuka masu launin shuɗi.
Indiana. Tsawon shuka ba ya wuce santimita ɗari, an yi masa ado da furanni masu ruwan shuɗi-orange.
Matsayin Sarki. Wannan iri-iri an haifeshi ne kafin sauran, amma har ya zuwa yau ya shahara sosai. Tsawon daji kusan 100 cm ne, manyan furanni masu launin shuɗi-ja da ƙananan ƙananan rawaya ne.
Yarima maurito. Daji, wanda ya kai tsayi na 1.2 m, an yi masa ado da manyan inflorescences na launin ruwan kasa-ja.
Karin. Tsawon tsirrai ya kai kusan cm 100, ana nuna shi da yawan furanni. Launi na inflorescences shine ja-orange.
Roka. Babban inflorescences ja-cinnabar suna kan shinge, suna kaiwa tsawon 1.3 m.
Knifofiya matasan Fleming Torch. Shrubs sunyi ƙasa da 0.6 m, an yi musu ado da launin ruwan hoda-ja.