Dan Arewa (mai jan-hankalin mai kula da arewa) an buge shi ta hanyar lalata nau'ikan 2 a 1959 daga Yakovlev P.N. Zuwa yau, pear ɗin yana yaduwa a yankin Ural.
Bayyanar
Pear Severyanka an rarraba shi azaman matsakaitan matsakaici. Harbe yana da haɓaka. Kusan zagaye, wide-pyramidal da matsakaici a yawa da kambi. Dogaye kuma dogayen rassa suna shimfiɗa daga ginshiƙi Haushi ya yi launin toka. Harbe daga wani kore inuwa na matsakaici kauri, ba tukuna lignified rassan ana halin rashin gashin gashi mai mahimmanci. Ragowar nau'in sifa mai wuya, tukwici suna da fadi kuma aka nuna su. Pear Severyanka jan-cheeked yana da launin kore mai duhu na ganye. Gefen farantin ganye yana zagaye, kuma da kanta kanta concave. Greenan ƙaramar fitsari mai tsayi, saber-like stipules suna da matsakaici a girma.
A lokacin furanni, an rufe itacen da furanni masu dusar ƙanƙara. Furen yana da siffar saucer, fararen fata tare da gefuna masu santsi basa taɓa juna da yawa. Infaya daga cikin inflorescence ya ƙunshi furanni 4-6. A ƙasa da anthers akwai canji na pistils.
'Ya'yan itãcen
Peveryanka pear iri-iri ba a rarrabe ta manyan-fruited. A matsakaita, 'ya'yan itace guda yana nauyin 80-85 g, wanda ke ƙasa da matsakaicin sauran nau'ikan
Matsakaicin nauyin pear pear na arewa shine 120 g.
Truncated-conical pears. Kwasfa mai laushi da kauri, amma a lokaci guda ba m. Wide da karamin saucer. Tsaba su ne babba da kaɗan. A launi daga cikin 'ya'yan itace a lokacin girbi ne kore mai launin rawaya tare da kadan ja tan. Bayan wani lokaci, pear ɗin yana mamaye launi mai launin shuɗi tare da ɗan ƙaramin kore mai launin shuɗi tare da ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda. Mau kirim din ba mai yawa bane. 'Ya'yan itacen na ɗanɗano m, ba tart, crunchy, tare da bayanin kula mai ƙanshi-ƙoshin zaki. Ƙanshi ba shi da ƙarfi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun ƙunshi sukari 11.8% da 0.38% acid. Ana iya amfani da pears ba kawai don abinci ba, har ma don dafa abinci da adanawa.
Girbi
Bayanin daga hoton pear na ɗan arewa ya haɗa da yawan amfanin ƙasa. 'Ya'yan itãcen sun haɗu a farkon watan Agusta. Pears suna tsayayye sosai, amma da zaran sun huda, za su yi kamar sau biyu.
Ana cire pears daga itacen kusan sati daya kafin a cika cikakken ripening - wannan yana ba ku damar mika rayuwar shiryayye har zuwa watanni 2.
Amfanin gona daga wani karamin bishiya ana samun 'yan shekaru bayan dasa. Daga farkon bishiyoyi na shekaru 6-7 suna karɓar kilo 20 na pears a kowace kakar. Itace mai girma ya kawo kilogram 45-60 na pears a shekara, kuma a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau, adadi na iya kaiwa kilo 100-110.
Yanayin Climatic
Pear Northerner, wanda aka ce game da rashin fassararsa, ya yadu a yankuna na arewacin saboda kwanciyar hankali. Bishiyoyi daidai jure sanyi da matsananci winters. Kuma a cikin yanayin zafi sosai da daskarewa, ana sake dawo da harbe-harbe da sauri kuma itaciyar ta ci gaba da yin 'ya'ya.
Tsayayya ga fari shine matsakaici. Tare da ruwan sama kadan da kuma rashin ruwa, 'ya'yan itaciyar sun zama karami kuma sun rasa dandano.
Saukowa da kulawa
Mafi kyawun wuri don dasa kowane itace na itace shine gefen gefen rana. Shuka da kuma kula da ɗan kwalliya ɗan pear abu ne mai sauƙi, amma don samun kyakkyawan girbi kana buƙatar bin wasu ƙa'idodi. Don saukowa, an zaɓi sarari mai nisa inda babu kusan kwas ɗin. Kirjin yana zaune a cikin rami 60 m zurfi kuma 90 cm fadi, humus an zuba shi da farko a ƙasa kuma ramin ya cika da ruwa. Da zaran an saka ruwa, an sanya ciyawar a hankali sai a yayyafa shi da ƙasa kuma a sake shayar da ruwa.
Kuna buƙatar siyan tsire-tsire masu shekaru biyu kawai, an yi imanin cewa irin waɗannan bishiyoyi sun fi dacewa.
Babban al'amurran kulawa:
- Kula da pear arewa maso gabas yakan haifar da yawan ruwa tare da fari fari.
- Ana yin bishiyar shekara a shekara. Don hunturu, seedlings da an riga an rootauki tushen kananan bishiyoyi suna da matattara, tun da tsire-tsire wanda bai rufe ba zai iya fama da matsanancin sanyi kuma ya mutu.
- Don itacen ya yi girma daidai, ya wajaba don samar da kambinsa kowace shekara. Akwai nau'ikan pruning da yawa: thinning da sanitary. Yana tunanin itace don yalwata rayuwarsa kuma ya sami wadatar aiki. Ana aiwatar da tsabtace tsabtace tsabta ne kawai lokacin da ya cancanta, lokacin da itaciyar take fama da cututtuka.
- Pears, kamar sauran bishiyoyi, ana fallasa su ga wasu cututtuka da kwari. Don kada bishiyar ku ta wahala, dole ne a kula da shi ta lokaci tare da mafita na musamman da za'a iya siyarwa a kowane kantin sayar da kayan lambu.
Daga hoto da bayanin pear na ɗan arewa, har ma wani ɗan lambu mai ƙwarewa zai iya fahimtar cewa ire-iren su cikakke ne don girma a yankuna tare da yanayin sanyi. An bambanta iri-iri ta hanyar balaguron farko da rashin daidaituwa, da ƙananan pears suna da kyau don kowane amfani.
