Bonsai art

Ma'anar fasahar bonsai da aka fassara zuwa harshen Rasha na nufin "itaciyar a tukunya". Wannan fasaha ta taso a cikin 200 BC. e. A China, kamar yadda ya kamata, da farko an yi shi kamar "pan-san." Arnuka da yawa bayan haka, Jafananci, tare da Buddha, sun ƙware wannan fasahar, sun kawo shi cikakke kuma yanzu an dauki shi a al'adance Jafananci.

Hotunan farko na bonsai a zahiri - hatito, ana samunsu a gungura na ƙarshen zamanin Kamakura (1249-1382). An bayyana ma'anar ƙaunar bishiyar dwarf a sauƙaƙe - ba tare da mallakar ƙasa mai yawa da kuma ikon shuka wani lambu kusa da gidan ba, Jafananci sun so su sami kusurwar yanayi a gida, kuma ƙananan bishiyoyi ba su sami sarari mai yawa ba. Da farko ya zama babban al'ajabi ne, musamman tsakanin mutane. Bayan haka, bayan nasarar da aka samu kan kasar Sin a shekarar 1885, bonsai ya zama batun salo, nazarin kimiyya da tattarawa. Makarantu daban-daban na bonsai da salon girma sun fara bayyana.

Kimanin nau'ikan nau'ikan tsire-tsire 400 sun dace kuma an bred don ƙirƙirar Bonsai. Haƙiƙa bonsai yana da girma daga 20 cm zuwa 1.5-2 m. Jagora na musamman shine ƙirƙirar shimfidar wurare masu ƙarancin gaske, inda ba wata itaciya da take girma a cikin kwano, amma ɗaukacin yanayi, tare da tafki, duwatsun, ƙaramin dutse har ma da tafkuna na ruwa. Bonsai art baya yarda da fuss, yana buƙatar kulawa mai haƙuri. Kula da bonsai wani nau'in al'ada ne da tunani. Bishiyoyi suna girma shekaru da yawa da ƙarni. A cikin lambun sarki a cikin Japan akwai misalai na bonsai, waɗanda ke da kusan shekaru 300-400.

Daga duk abin da aka faɗa, yana bin cewa ingantaccen bonsai dole ne ya ɗauki hoton lokaci. Saboda haka, bonsai sun hada da farko bishiyoyi tare da katako mai kauri. Musamman da ake murƙushe ko kuma rassan rassan bishiyoyi, rassan da ke da fashe ko haushi wanda aka rufe da gansakuka musamman ana yaba su sosai. Duk wannan yana nuna tsawon rayuwa a cikin mawuyacin yanayin yanayi kuma yana ƙarfafa dabi'ar halitta.

Ow Cowtools

Bonsai siffofi

Chokkan - daidaitaccen daidaitaccen nau'i: madaidaiciyar akwati na tsaye na wani nau'in conical, a ko'ina an rufe shi da rassa (saitin madaidaiciya).

Ya dace da spruce, larch, juniper, dzelkva da ginkgo. Idan itace ba ta fuskantar gasa daga wasu bishiyoyi ba, ba a fallasa su ga iska mai karfi ba, tana da isasshen abinci da ruwa, zai yi girma sosai har zuwa sama, kuma gindinsa zai yi sihiri. Rassan bishiyar bonsai kada su kasance masu fasali, manyan rassan yakamata su zama guntu da na bakin ciki fiye da na baya. Ya kamata rassan su shimfiɗa a sararin sama daga gangar jikin, kuma wasu ƙananan rassan na iya tanƙwara ƙasa kaɗan. Don hana ganga daga zufa, nauyinta da nauyin itacen ya zama daidai.

Shakan - siffar karkatacciyar kwatangwalo: gangar jikin mai zana, saman da tushen tsarin wanda aka ba da umarni a cikin kishiyar sabanin tushe na akwati, tsarin tushen ƙaƙƙarfan tsari (salon da yake so).

Ya dace da ɗimbin yawa. A ƙarƙashin rinjayar iska mai ƙarfi, itacen yana girma tare da gangara, ana iya lura da irin wannan nau'in a cikin shuka da ke girma a cikin inuwa kuma yana shimfiɗa rana. Gangar jikin itacen, wanda zai iya zama madaidaiciya ko mai dan kadan, ya kamata a karkata zuwa wani kusurwar 70 zuwa 90 ° dangane da ganga. A gefe ɗaya na bishiyar, Tushen suna haɓaka sosai, kuma da alama suna riƙe ƙasa, kuma daga gefen gungumen ƙarfe suna tafiya ƙasa.

Mayogi - asymmetric tsaye a tsaye siffar: a conical akwati tare da kadan gangara zuwa gindi da a kalla 3 ƙananan lanƙwasa, a ko'ina rufe da rassan. Shakan karkataccen siffar: akwati mai karkatawa, saman da tushen tsarin abin da aka nuna a gaban sabanin gindi, gindin tushen tushe (madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya salon).

Ya dace da kusan dukkanin nau'ikan bishiyoyi. Wannan salon an samo shi sosai a yanayi da kuma yawancin bonsai. Gashin itacen yana da yawan lanƙwasa, ƙananan abin da ya kamata a faɗi. Kamar yadda yake a cikin yanayin madaidaiciya madaidaiciya, akwati yana da siffar conical, rassan suna da daidaituwa, kuma kambi ya dace da kauri daga gindin.

Fukinagashi - lanƙwasa ta hanyar iska: gwanayen karkatar da katako, musamman a kolin, tare da rassan an shirya su zuwa gangara.
Hokidachi wani nau'i ne wanda yake da fasalin fanki: madaidaiciyar suturar kai tsaye a cikin nau'in fan (salo na panicle).

Ya dace da bishiyoyi masu fa'ida tare da rassan bakin ciki kamar dzelkva, Elm da hornbeam. A cikin yanayi, wannan salon kusan ana ganin shi sosai a Zeikova (Dzelkva). Lokacin ƙirƙirar bonsai, ana iya amfani da wannan salon don wasu nau'in. Gangar jikin tabbatacce ne tsaye, amma ba tsayi da yawa ba, duk rassan sun rarrabu daga gaba ɗaya. A kambi ne mai siffar zobe da sosai m.

Godiya ga yawancin rassan bakin ciki, itaciyar tana da bayyanar kyakkyawa koda ba tare da ganye ba. Gabaɗaya, itacen yana kama da tsohuwar ƙwayar cuta.

Kengai - rataye ko cascading nau'i: akwati mai jujjuyawa da rassan da suke rataye a saman jirgin ruwan (salon caca).

Ya dace da pines, sautinaster, pyracantha da juniper. Ba'a ba da shawarar ga bishiyoyi masu ƙarfi, karɓar katako mai ƙarfi. Itace da ke tsiro a kan dutsen yana iya tanƙwara saboda dalilai da yawa - saboda faɗuwar duwatsun, ƙarƙashin nauyinta ko nauyin dusar ƙanƙara, saboda rashin haske. Wannan shine salon da aka kirkira wanda yanayi ya halitta shi. Don bonsai, wannan yana nufin cewa kambi na itacen ya kamata ya kasance a ƙarƙashin saman gefen akwati. Yana da matukar wahala a ci gaba da dasa kayan kwalliyar lafiya yayin da take kokarin girma.

Khan Kengai - rabin rataye-rabin ko siffar rabin-cascade: akwati da rassan suna kwance a layi tare da girmamawa ga gefen jirgin ruwa (rabin salon cascade).

Ya dace da kowane nau'in, banda ƙarfi, bishiyoyi masu rauni marasa ƙarfi. Wannan salon, kamar “cascade”, ana samun shi a yanayi a cikin bishiyoyi da ke girma a kan gangara, kogunan kogin da a cikin fadama. Sakamakon kusancin ruwa, gangar jikin ba ta yin ƙasa, amma a kan hanyar kwance. A cikin bishiyoyi masu launin cascading-cascading, kambi kawai ya saukad da ɗan ƙasa a saman saman akwati.

Isitsuki - nau'i na dutse (bonsai akan dutse): Tushen tsiro ya rufe dutse wanda yake a cikin ƙasa (yanayin “karɓar dutsen”).

Ya dace da Pine, Maple, fure Quince da rhododendron. A cikin haɗin wannan salon, bishiyoyi suna girma daga fasa a cikin duwatsun. Tushen yana shiga cikin dutse kuma daga can shuka ya karɓi abinci da ruwa da ake buƙata. Shayarwa na yau da kullun yana da matukar mahimmanci ga bonsai na wannan salon, tunda danshi a cikin fasa ya iyakance. Don tabbatar da girman zafi, za'a iya sanya dutsen a cikin kwano mara nauyi tare da ruwa. Ta hanyar dasa bishiyoyi da yawa, zaka iya ƙirƙirar wuri mai faɗi.

Sokan - tagwaye ko mai siffa iri biyu: Tumbin 2, daban-daban a tsayi da karfi, girma daga tushe daya (tsarin "biyu biyu)".

Ya dace da kowane nau'in bishiyoyi. Irin wannan siliki ɗin yana tartsatsi cikin yanayi. Tushe biyu suna girma daga tushe guda, kuma ɗayan yafi ƙarfin na biyu. A cikin bonsai, ana iya ƙirƙirar wannan salo da wucin gadi lokacin da aka samar da akwati na biyu daga ƙananan reshe. Tabbatar cewa reshen bai yi tsayi sosai ba, in ba haka ba “cokali mai yatsa” zai samar da wanda bai dace da tsarin bonsai ba.

Sankan - nau'in tricuspid.

Kabudachi - nau'i mai yawa-tsire-tsire: tsire-tsire tare da Trunks da yawa na tsintsaye daban-daban suna kama bishiyoyi. Yawan kututtuwar yakamata su kasance masu ban mamaki (salon cin dako Octopus).
Wannan salon ya dace da kowane nau'in bishiyoyi. Duk tsohuwar itace tayi girma daga tushe guda kuma baza iya rarrabuwa ba. Wannan shine babban bambanci tsakanin waɗannan tsirrai daga gungun samfurori daban-daban na samfurori daban-daban. Ya yi daidai da tsarin ganga mai dual, amma a nan muna Magana ne game da tsummoki uku ko fiye.

Yose-Yu - Haɗin daji: bishiyoyi da yawa masu girma dabam daban-daban a cikin jirgin ruwa guda.

Ikadabuki - raft: wani akwati kwance a ciki ko a cikin ƙasa tare da rassa na tsaye suna girma. Shuka tayi kama da abun dazuka dazuzzuka da yawa (yanayin da ya fadi ").

Ya dace da kowane nau'in bishiyoyi. Wani lokaci itacen da ya fadi zai iya tsira ta hanyar jefa rassan gefen, daga inda aka samo kututturar sababbin bishiyoyi. Tsohon gangar jikin kwance yake har yanzu a bayyane. Ana amfani da wannan salon sau da yawa a cikin bonsai, musamman a gaban kayan abu, wanda a cikin rassan suke a gefe ɗaya. Ba kamar rukuni na tsire-tsire ɗaya na wannan salon ba, nisan da ke tsakanin kututturen mutum baya canzawa.

Bujingi (salon rubutu).

Ya dace da yawancin bishiyoyi masu coniferous ko deciduous. Wannan salon yana ɗaukar suna daga salon zane-zanen da artistsan fasahar Sinawa ke amfani da shi don yin zane-zanen bishiyoyi. A peculiarity wannan salon: layin dogo mai tsayi mai kyau, tare da cikakken rashi ƙananan rassan, kambi yana zaune ne kawai a saman ɓangaren itacen. Hakanan zamu iya samun bishiyoyi masu kama da juna a cikin gandun daji lokacin, saboda rashin hasken rana da sarari, ƙananan ƙananan rassan sun mutu kuma tukunyar tayi kama da taushi.

Sekijoju (“tsirara daga tushe akan dutse”).

Ya dace da duk nau'ikan da ke da tushen da suka ci gaba, kamar su Maple, Sinawa, line da juniper. A kan kasa mai tushe, wasu tsire-tsire suna rayuwa saboda gaskiyar cewa tushen su, rufe kabkoki, hau dutse a ƙarƙashinsu don neman ruwa da abubuwan gina jiki waɗanda ke tarawa cikin fashewar abubuwa. Tushen, buɗe wa iskoki kuma yana ƙarƙashin canje-canjen yanayi daban-daban, sannu a hankali fara fara kama da akwati. Muhimmin abu na bonsai shine gamsasshen tushen tushen da ke tsufa. Itace da kanta za a iya girma a cikin kowane salo, amma madaidaiciya a tsaye da "panicle" bazai zama mafi kyawun zaɓi ba. Tun da tsire-tsire ke jawo abinci daga cikin akwati, kula da shi ba shi da wahala sosai fiye da na tsire-tsire na wasu salo. Juya domin dutse tare da tushen bayyane bayyane.

Sharimiki (salon da ya mutu).

Ya dace da juniper. A cikin junipers da ke girma a kan tsaunin dutsen, muhimman sassan akwatunan ba su da haushi da rana. A cikin bonsai, waɗannan wuraren katako masu mahimmanci suna da mahimmanci kuma ya kamata a bayyane su bayyane. An ƙirƙira su ta hanyar wucin gadi ta hanyar yanke wasu sassan cortex da zubar da jini mai zuwa.

Bonsai tsirrai

Ba kowane tsire-tsire ya dace da haɓaka kamar bonsai ba. Kodayake akwai salon fasaha a cikin fasahar Bonsai wanda aka kirkiro abun da ke ciki daga tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, a al'adance Bonsai ana girma ne daga bishiyoyi da tsirrai, i.e. shuke-shuke da m, sau da yawa lignified akwati da kuma rassan. Mafi mahimmancin bishiyoyin coniferous: Pine, Juniper, thuja, cypress, larch, kamar yadda suke da katako kuma yanki na duniya da ke kewaye da mu yana da ɗan kama sosai. Baya ga conifers, nau'in deciduous galibi ana girma kamar bonsai - maple, Birch, ash ash, oak, beech, hornbeam, willow, da dai sauransu. Itatuwan bishiyoyi da furanni suna kama da launuka musamman - acacia, guava, pomegranate, myrtle, magnolia, peach, plum, citrus. A kowane hali, zaɓin tsire-tsire yana ƙaddara ta yanayin yanayin tsarewa - da farko zafin jiki. Idan dakin yayi sanyi, to zaku iya ɗaukar conifers, idan ɗakin yana da zafi, musamman a lokacin hunturu, to zaɓin ya iyakance ga tsire-tsire masu tsananin zafi (ficus, dracaena, stringilina, lambu).

Adenium yana da kiba; Krosmos Bauer; Pickaxe Rhododendron Sims;
Acacia bailey; Caro ne mai mutch, Senegalese, azurfa, m, Farnesian, blackwood;
Corocia ƙirar siffa ce; Rosemary officinalis
Albicia tana da kamannuna, Leonkaran; Kumquat abu ne mai kyau; 'Yan Jafananci na Hindanci; Shayi Sagration
Bam Kofeya ne mai zama ruwan dare; Boxwood karamin-leaved, evergreen;
Bauchinia Blanca, gwal, shunayya; Lagerstremia yar Indiya ce, kyakkyawa ce; Serissa ko “bishiyar taurari dubu”;
Japanesean itacen Japan ɗin; Cistus; Syzygium paniculata
Jafananci Privet; Rumman Laphenia; Wavy Rhizopharynx; Tobira mai santsi
Rock brachchiton; Leptospermum sanda mai siffa; Pine talakawa, Rum;
Bougainvillea yana da santsi, kyakkyawa; Formosa Liquid; Sophora creeping, mai fikafi huɗu;
Elan ƙaramar yisti Malpigia tsirara, kwaya; Crassula launin rawaya kore ne;
Gardenia jasmine-kamar; Itacen Turawa; Trachelospermum Asiya, jasmoid, Jafananci;
Hibiscus mai sanyaya, disseed Melaleuk fari ne-itace, St John's wort; Trichodiadema Calvatum; Littlewood, bulbous;
Rumman na talakawa sa Nana Metrosideros daraja; Feijoa Sellovana;
Dovialis Kaffra; Mirsina dan Afirka; Ficus Benjamin, akwatin katako
Itacen oak na cork, m; Myrtle talakawa; Figs suna dwarf, kananan-fruited, boxwood, awl-dimbin yawa;
Eugene yana da ƙarfi-ɗaya; Mirtsinaria tsvetstvennaya; Fuska mai taushi;
Gwanin zuma mai haske; Euphorbia balsamic; Fuchsia abu ne mai araha, mai ƙarami-mai-ƙarami, mai ɗanɗana-fure, thyme-leaved, ganye mai ganye uku;
Strawberry manyan-fruited, ƙananan-fruited; Muraia Conta, ya firgita; Holarren pubescent; Ixora mai danko; Nandina gida; Citrofortunella ƙananan-fruited;
Casuarina yana matattakala, yaduwa, horsetail; Varodgated Nikodemia; 'Ya'yan itacen Citrus: lemu, lemu mai zaki, ainihin lemun tsami, limetta, lemun tsami, mandarin, da sauransu ;;
Calliandra Tved; kuma Pelargonium yana da ƙarfi bakwai, yanki, ivy, mai kamshi, da ƙanshi mai ƙarfi; Hamada Eucalyptus Hun, lemun tsami, ganye mai yawa, ganye, fila;
Callistemon Willow-mai siffa, manyan-dotted, lemun tsami rawaya, kyakkyawa; Podocarpus manyan-leaved; Nagi, maras lafiya-mai siffa, mai sheki, mai bakin ciki; Eretia karami ne;
Camellia Sinanci ne, raga, Jafananci; Poliscias Balfura; Hulfol, Holly; Jacobinum malaflora;
Arizona cypress, kullun fure, Kashmir, mai babban itace; Portulacaria harp; Ash Griffith's Ash; Kneorum rack uku; Rapis yana da girma, low;

Lu bluinfaccia

Kulawa

Yanayin Haske

Awanni na hasken rana a cikin tsauraran yanayi sun fi gajerun wurare da ƙasa, don haka ba tare da ƙarin hasken da bonsai zai rasa haske ba. Dearfin musamman na hasken rana shine halayyar lokacin sanyi - daga ƙarshen Oktoba zuwa farkon Maris.

Nau'ikan nau'ikan bonsai suna buƙatar yanayi daban-daban na haske, wanda yakamata a ƙayyade. Lokacin zabar abun ciki na bonsai, kula da sigogin haske masu zuwa:

gefen duniya (arewa, kudu, yamma, gabas)
nisa daga taga (a kan windowsill, kusa da taga a bayan labulen, kusa da taga ba tare da labule ba, a bayan ɗakin)
kusurwar abin da ya faru na hasken rana
wurin makwabta yayan gida
kasancewar cikas ga waje ga hasken rana (ginin dake kusa da shi, bishiyoyi masu yawa)
da launi da ganuwar da windowsill

Ya kamata a ɗauka a hankali cewa labulen yana ɗaukar hasken rana sosai. Saboda haka idan bonsai yana bayan labulen, yayin ranar yakamata a tashe su ko kuma a tura su gefe don ba da damar hasken rana ya isa tsaran gidan.

Game da kusurwar abin da ya faru da hasken rana, haɓakar tsiro yana daɗaɗa ƙarfi idan ya tsaya a gefen hagu a kan taga na gabas ko a gefen dama a yamma.

Ana iya auna kimanin ƙarfin hasken ta amfani da mitar bayyanar hoto ko luxometer. Waɗannan na'urori suna ba da cikakken bayani game da adadin haske a kowane yanki naúrar. Iyakokin haske ga nau'ikan tsire-tsire na cikin gida sun bambanta daga 500 zuwa 5000 lux.

Rashin hasken na dole ne a rama shi saboda amfani da hasken fatar. Ba'a ba da shawarar yin amfani da hasken wucin gadi duk zagaye na shekara ba, wanda zai iya yin illa ga shuka.. A cikin hunturu, kazalika a kan kwanakin girgije daga Oktoba zuwa Maris, ƙarin hasken wuta ya zama dole kawai. Don waɗannan dalilai masu fitilun fitila mai haske, ana amfani da fitilun mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da fitilar halogen gas. Zai fi kyau a ƙi wutar fitina ta wuta, tun da hasken da suke fitowa daga gare su ya yi nisa da hasken rana, haskoki masu zafi suna da tasiri a kan shuka. Kari akan haka, ingancin fitilun incandescent bai isa sosai ba.

Mafi kyawun fitilun kyalli na fitila, waɗanda suke da inganci da sauƙi don amfani. Siyan irin waɗannan fitilun ba matsala ba ce. Zasu iya zama launuka daban-daban da sifofi iri iri. Don haske na bonsai, ana ba da madawwamiyar fitilu masu ƙarfin wuta 18 W (tsawon 59 cm) da 40 W (120 cm) na farin launi tare da alamar 20 ko DE LUX 21.

Halogen gas-ƙarfe fitila an shigar a cikin wani wuri kwance. Lokacin shigar da ƙarin fitilun fitilu, dole ne a ɗauki waɗannan ƙa'idodi a cikin tunani:

An kusantar da fitilar kusa da shuka, ana amfani da ita sosai. Koyaya, mutum bai manta game da zafin rana ba.
Duk hasken fitilar yakamata a bishi a shuka.
Ga kowane muraba'in murabba'in ƙasa mai haskakawa ya zama akalla watts 70. An yi imanin cewa an sanya fitilar a nesa na 25-5 cm daga tsire.

A cikin hunturu, ya kamata a kara saurin hasken rana zuwa awa 4-5.

Yanayin Zazzabi

Yankunan Subtropical na bonsai (myrtle, zaitun, pomegranate, Rosemary) a cikin hunturu suna ɗauke da yanayin zafi daga +5 zuwa + 15 ° C, kuma a lokacin rani ana ɗauke su zuwa sararin sama (zuwa baranda).

Tsarin Tropical duk shekara zagaye yana ɗaukar yanayin zafi daga +18 zuwa + 25C. A lokacin rani, ana barin tsire-tsire a ɗaka. Tropical tsire-tsire ba da shawarar da za a sanya a kan dutse taga sills, idan tsarin dumama ba ya wuce a ƙarƙashinsu.

Matsakaicin yawan zafin jiki na shuka, ana buƙatar karin haske, ruwa da abubuwan gina jiki. A kasan zafin jiki, da ƙasa da yawa da ruwa da kuma saman miya daga cikin shuka ya kamata.

Jin zafi

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, gumi a cikin gidajen gari ba ya isa ga bonsai. Yaya za a magance wannan matsalar?

Mafi tsada, amma ba hanya mafi inganci don saita yanayin zafi mafi kyau shine hurawar lantarki. Masu saurin girgizar ƙasa suna da rashi da yawa: manyan girma, farashin tsada, tasirin amo. Hanya mafi sauƙi don warware matsalar ita ce shigar da bonsai a cikin jirgin ruwa mai laushi ko a kan filastik tire cike da ruwa. Dole ne a shimfiɗa ƙasa da jirgin ruwa (tire) tare da ƙananan pebbles ko sabulu kuma sanya tukunya tare da shuka a saman su. Yawan ruwa dole ne a kiyaye shi a daidai matakin. Tasirin wannan hanyar warin gwiwa zai haɓaka idan aka sanya jirgin ruwa da ruwa sama da tsarin dumama.

Don haɓaka yanayin iska, ana bada shawara ga fesa shuka da ruwa. Koyaya, wannan hanya tana ba kawai sakamako na ɗan gajeren lokaci, saboda haka dole ne a maimaita shi akai-akai. Ya kamata a yi yayyafa da safe, har shuka ya sami lokacin bushewa da yamma.

Watse

A ƙasa a cikin jirgin ruwa tare da bonsai ya kamata a kasance koyaushe m (ba bushe, amma ba rigar). Za'a iya tantance bushewar ƙasa ta taɓawa ko ta launi mai haske. Itace bushe a saman duniya ba lallai ne ya bushe bushewar ƙasa gaba ɗaya ba.

Ruwa ya kamata ya kai ƙasan jirgin ruwan. Idan akwai rashin ruwa na kasar gona, to ya kamata a maimaita yawan ruwa sau 2-3 har sai kowane huhun yashi ya bushe. A lokacin rani, bonsai na buƙatar ruwa da yawa fiye da lokacin hunturu, wanda ke da alaƙa da haɓakar shuka mai ɗorewa a lokacin dumi. Ana iya shayar da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire kamar yadda zai yiwu a lokacin bazara: kasar gona ya kamata ya zama in mun gwada da bushewa. Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ba sa yin haƙuri da ruwan sanyi kwata-kwata.

Mafi kyawun ruwa don ban ruwa shine danshi. Zaka iya amfani da ruwan famfo, wanda aka girka na awanni da yawa kafin amfani: ruwan yana da yawan zafin jiki na ɗaki da adana datti da daskararru.