A koyaushe akwai wani wuri don greenhouse a cikin ƙaramin gida ko a babban yanki kusa da juna, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi kusan shekara-shekara, gami da lokacin hutawa na kore, don ingantaccen ganye don teburin cin abinci.
A cikin hunturu, a cikin gidajen abinci mai zafi na yankuna sanyi da unheated a kudu, zaku iya girma Dill, faski, salads, seleri, albasa a kan gashin tsuntsu. Ganye da albasarta, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna cikin farkon albarkatun kayan lambu tare da ɗan gajeren girma, wanda zai ba ka damar ɗaukar albarkatu da yawa a lokacin kaka-hunturu kuma suna da ganye a koyaushe a tebur.
Ganye suna girma a cikin greenhouse a cikin hunturu. A. Lee A. ReichShiri don girma greenery a cikin greenhouse
Akwai hanyoyi guda 2 don girma ganye a cikin kaka-hunturu lokacin:
- amfani da babban yanki. Amma wannan ba koyaushe bane kyawawa. Musamman idan an riga an shirya ƙasa don babban amfanin gona na greenhouse;
- a kan areaarin yankin da aka girka ta hanyar racks don ajiye akwatina da sauran kwantena a ƙarƙashin ganye. Wannan shine mafi sauki kuma mafi arha zaɓi, lashe ga masu farawa.
Shiri don girma ganye a cikin greenhouses:
- Matsa saukar da sigogi (ko tara 1),
- Siyan kwalaye da sauran kwantena
- Shirya cakuda ƙasa kuma cika kwandon, alama don wane al'ada,
- Shigar da su a cikin jerin lambobin da kuma takaddun kayan aikin gona don al'adu,
- Sayi tsaba masu mahimmanci.
Anan, watakila, shine duk aikin shiri. Tare da samun ƙwarewa mai amfani, yana yiwuwa a gabatar da wasu albarkatu, sai dai dill, faski, da albasarta a kan gashin tsuntsu. Sakamakon shi ne jujjuyawar al'adar hawa-sama, har ma da taƙasa. Gwada shi kuma za ku yi nasara.
Siffofin girma kayan lambu kore a cikin hunturu
Don namo hunturu, yawancin amfanin gona marasa amfani waɗanda ba sa buƙatar yanayin zafin jiki da yanayin haske na musamman. Shortarancin gajeren girma yana ba ku damar ɗaukar albarkatu da yawa a lokacin hunturu.
An ba da muhimmiyar rawa a cikin noman hunturu zuwa wurin da amfanin gona yake. Don haka, Dill yana yin haƙuri da shading sabili da haka ana iya sanya shi a cikin wani shinge mai duhu a wurare da yawa, salatin yana da unpretentious cewa yana girma a kowane yanayi, faski yana buƙatar haske da wani tsarin mai zafi.
Girma albasa a kan gashin tsuntsu
Albasa a kan gashin tsuntsu - sanannen al'adu a cikin hunturu. Specificayyadadden dandano daidai ya dace da kowane tasa, amma kuma yana taimaka wa tsarin rigakafi, ya ƙunshi babban jerin bitamin da jikin yake buƙata.
Ana iya bada shawarar nau'ikan da ke gaba don haɓaka a cikin greenhouse: Bessonovsky, Karatal, Arzamass, Strigunovsky, Rostov albasa (farkon ripening). Don tilasta, ana amfani da bakuna waɗanda ba su da matsala mai yawa kuma bayan an girbe, suna shirye don ƙirƙirar sababbin albarkatu (madaidaiciya, shimfiɗa), da kuma nau'in tare da ɗan gajeren lokaci hutu - chives da albasa.
Aikin shiryawa
Don haka, daga akwatina da sauran kwantena akan shelves an shirya makircin da ya dace, dacewa a cikin abin da koyaushe zaka iya canja wurin al'adu da sanya su kusa da maƙwabta da kake so. Don albasa, muna shirya cakuda ƙasa mai sauƙi na ƙasar gona da peat ko wasu kayan kwance. Mun yada fim din a kasan, ya huda ramuka dayawa (idan har ana zubar da ruwa) kuma muka cika shi da 2/3 na abin da aka shirya.
Yayyafa da harar nitrogen tare da saman abinci na ƙasa. Tun da albasa don gashin tsuntsu da girbin da aka shirya a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci (an gyara hanyar distillation), kashi na mai mai bai kamata ya wuce 10 g / sq ba. m na duka yanki daga cikin kwalaye. Idan kasar gona ta cika cikin kayan abinci, muna takin kasar da ta shirya tare da 15-20 g nitroammophoski a kowace murabba'in murabba'i. m. Ruwa da ƙasa tare da ingantaccen bayani na trichodermin ko planris daga cututtukan fungal kuma ku bar ƙasa ta yi ƙauri.
Kwan fitila da kuma dasa shuki
- Hagu na hunturu tilasta kwararan fitila calibrate zuwa girma. A bu mai kyau su mamaye wani akwatin daban tare da kayan dasa abubuwa. Abun da aka fi karɓa dashi shine 3-5 cm a diamita.
- Mun yanke wuyan kwan fitila da mai bushe, ko da ya yi toho. Karbar yanayi na taimaka wajan katse sauran lokacin a wannan al'adar.
- Zuba albasa da aka shirya a cikin kofuna daban ko nodules na gauze ko wasu kayan da ba a san shi ba a ƙasƙantar da shi na mintoci 10-15 cikin ruwa mai zafi zuwa + 40 ... + 45 ° С. Nan da nan zaka iya amfani da maganin 0.5% na potassiumgangan.
- Ana shigo da kwararan fitila nan da nan a cikin kwantena da aka sanya kuma a ajiye a kan shelves ko sigogi na greenhouse.
- Turnip ana shuka shi a nisan nisa da 1-1.5 cm daga juna. Nisa tsakanin layuka na kwararan fitila aƙalla ya zama cm 2-3. Muna zurfafa kawunan ta 1/3 a cikin ƙasa.
Rufe abu a matsayin ƙarin kariya daga sanyi a cikin greenhouse. AlasaminAlbasa kula a cikin greenhouse
Albasa mai kulawa ya hada da shayarwa, kayan miya, tsari na zazzabi da yanayin haske.
Watse
A lokacin distillation, ana shayar da albasarta sau 2. Bayan dasa, mai yawan al'ada don rigar. Na biyu - bayan makonni 1.5-2.0, tare da daskararren ruwa na meshed tare da ruwa mai ɗumi a zazzabi a ɗakin. Yawan ban ruwa yana da alaƙa da yanayin ƙasa (mafi bushewa, mafi girma adadin ban ruwa). Makon da ya yanke satin, an shayar da albasarta na ƙarshe. Idan ana amfani da albasa a hankali (idan ya cancanta), to ana kiyaye ƙasa (ba rigar ba).
Manyan miya
Idan ƙasa tana da isasshen isasshen abinci, to, ba a son shi don ciyar da al'ada. A kan kasa mai narkewa, ana yin suturar sama 1 lokaci tare da maganin nitrophosphate (10-15 g / 10 l na ruwa) ko ammonium nitrate (15-20 g / 10 l na ruwa) makonni 2 bayan dasawa. Don ciyarwa, zaka iya amfani da maganin cakuda 20 g na superphosphate na ruwa mai narkewa a cikin 10 na ruwa. Hanyoyin warwarewa suna hade sosai kuma ana shayar dasu daga maɗaurin m can. Dole ne a wanke maganin takin a kullun a saman takardar da ruwa mai tsabta. Kuna iya yayyafa kasar gona da tokar itace - tushen abubuwan micro da macro ta hanyar samun isa.
Yanayin Zazzabi
Don ƙasa mai rufewa yana da matukar muhimmanci a kula da tsarin zafin jiki cikin + 10 ... + 15ºС.
Idan kun shinge da wani yanki daban a cikin gidan kore kuma ya tayar da yawan zafin jiki na yau da kullun zuwa + 18 ... + 20 ° С, kuma ku rage zafin jiki na dare zuwa + 12 ... + 15 ° С, zaku iya samun gashin tsuntsu a cikin kwanaki 25-30.
Tare da haɓakar ƙarfi mai ƙarfi na ganye, an rage yawan zafin jiki zuwa + 10 ... + 12 ° C. A wannan yanayin, haɓakar girma da haɓakar albasa mai ganye yana raguwa.
Haske na gida mai haske don albasa
Albasa tana girma a al'ada kuma tana haɓaka ƙarƙashin hasken halitta na greenhouse, amma ganyayyakin sun zama kamar kore. Lightingarin haske yana ƙara haɓakar ganye da zafin launinsu. Game da shiryayye na sel, don adana ƙarfin wuta, ƙananan shelves tare da shading wuce haddi za a iya haskakawa. Don hasken wuta a cikin gidajen kora, ana amfani da phytolamps yawanci.
Letas girma a cikin wani greenhouse, a karkashin murfin abu.
Girbi
Yanke gashin gashin albasa za'a iya aiwatar dashi kamar yadda ya cancanta yayin isa 15-20 cm.
Girma a cikin gidan kore
Don haɓaka fitar da dill, shuka a kan yankin da aka tsara ana aiwatar dashi a cikin matakai da yawa tare da rata na kwanaki 10-12 ko ana amfani dashi azaman sealant don albasa (canza yanayin dasa albasa) na ganye, ganye, kabeji na China da wasu albarkatu.
Shiri na dill tsaba
Don haɓakar samar da ganye, an shuka dill tare da tsaba masu haɓaka. Don wannan, kwanaki 3-4 kafin shuka, an haɗa tsaba a cikin gauze ninki biyu. Jiƙa cikin ruwa 40-50 ° C. Wannan dabarar ta zama dole don cire mai mai mahimmanci daga farfan tsaba, wanda zai haɓaka fitowar seedlings kuma mafi haɓakar haɓakar seedlings. Yayin soya, muna canza ruwan sau ɗaya a rana, kuma an wanke tsaba sosai a ƙarƙashin ruwa mai gudu. A ƙarshen rana ta 3 muna baza tsaba a kan adiko na goge baki don bushe.
Iri iri-iri na Dill don greenhouse
Yana da mafi m don girma da wuri-ripening iri a cikin wani greenhouse ga distillation ga iyali.
- Aurora (yanke da ganye a ranar 25th na germination),
- Gribovsky (yanke ganye a rana 30 daga seedlings),
- Far (yanke don kwanaki 38 daga tsire-tsire).
Sun kirkiri m ganye a cikin wata daya, wanda dole ne a cire shi nan da nan, saboda bayan wannan tsire-tsire sun ci gaba zuwa fure ba tare da tsangwama ba.
Ackaura a cikin takin zamani na hunturu na kayan kore. Bakin cikiPreparationasa shiri don Dill
Dill bashi da tushe ga ƙasa, sabili da haka, a matsayin sealant, yana haɓaka da kullun yana haɓakawa a cikin babban amfanin gona. Tare da keɓantaccen namo, tilasta dill an shuka shi a cikin akwati daban - akwati ko akwati. Mun haɗu da ƙasa tare da peat, humus, vermicompost, yashi, kowane sauran burodin foda don ƙara ruwa da iska ta iska. A cikin nauyi mai yawa kasa, Tushen Dill fara lalacewa, inji ya kamu da mildew powdery, magani tare da kwayoyi ba da shawarar.
Arin shirye-shiryen ƙasa, da kuma a ƙarƙashin albasarta. 1ara 1 sq M zuwa substrate. mitir murabba'in kwalaye of 20 g urea da 15 g na potassium sulfate, za'a iya maye gurbinsu da itacen ash. Mix sosai tare da kasar gona da ruwa. Soilasan da ke ƙarƙashin dill ya kamata ya kasance mai kwance kullun, don samun damar zuwa oxygen.
Shuka dill
A cikin ƙasa mai laushi da aka shirya, bayan 12-15 cm mun zana tsagi 2 cm zurfi .. Shuka tsaba a hankali kuma yayyafa tare da ƙaramin ƙasa. Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da tsarin shuka iri ɗaya, amma zaka iya shuka tare da hanyar tef a layin 3-5. A wannan yanayin, nisa tsakanin tsintsin a cikin tef shine 8-12 cm, kuma tsakanin faifin 15-20 cm.
Moisturizing
Don dill, mafi kyau duka shine danshi na dindindin ƙasa (ba tare da danshi mai yawa ba, tunda ganye zaiyi ruwa, zai iya yin rashin lafiya). Kafin tsire-tsire, ana amfani da ƙasa ta yau da kullun tare da fesa. Tare da isowar seedlings, ana shayar da seedlings kowane kwanaki 5-7 tare da matsakaici na ruwa lokacin da saman ƙasa ya bushe.
Manyan miya
Ana yin suturar miya kafin farkon yanka sau biyu: nitrophos 15-20 g / sq. m kwalaye na murabba'i ko bayani na taki da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin shuka iri. Bayan babban yanke akan ganye, suna ciyar da ragowar 5 "5 hemp" cm tare da maganin ammoniya na 10-15 g / 10 l na ruwa. Idan yankan zabi ne (na dangi), to babu wani karin takin da ake aiwatarwa har girbin karshe akan ganye.
Zazzabi da haske
Dill shine ƙarancin sanyi mai tsaurin sanyi, sabili da haka muna kula da yawan zafin jiki a cikin greenhouse a matakin 15 ... 18 ° С ba tare da zayyana ba. Ana iya sanya shi kusa da ƙofofin. Dill yana da unpretentious cewa tolerates namo a cikin wurare shaded. Lokacin da muke girma a cikin kwalaye akan racks, muna ƙara haske da ƙananan racks tare da phytolamps, inda ake lura da mafi girman yawan tsire-tsire.
Girbi
Domin bushes ya zama ganye, dill yana buƙatar isasshen sarari don abinci. Sabili da haka, a tsawo na 10 cm, muna fitar da al'adar ta hanyar a hankali fitar da tsire-tsire tare da tushe ko kuma haɗa su a matakin ƙasa. 'Ya'yan itaciyar da aka dasa za'a iya dasawa ko amfani dashi azaman abinci.
Greenery a cikin greenhouseGirma faski a cikin gidan kore
Faski iri shiri
Faski yana da tsawon lokacin fito-fito, wanda, ya danganta da yanayi da yanayin girma, kusan kwanaki 45 kenan. Don rage lokacin fitowar sa, yana da kyau a shuka faski tare da tsaba da aka shuka. Don yin wannan, kafin shuka, ana sa tsaba a cikin kwanaki 5 a cikin rigar ɗakuna biyu mai rigar.
Canja wurin tsaba an canza shi har tsawon kwanaki 10 zuwa daki mai yawan zafin jiki na + 1 ° C. Lokacin shuka, irin waɗannan tsaba suna girma a cikin ranakun 15-17 kuma suna samar da iska ta iska sau 3 fiye da shuka iri na al'ada.
Faski shuka
Mun rarraba madaidaicin kayan kwalliya cikin furrows bayan 10 cm tare da zurfin of cm 2 Duk da haka bayan 4-5 cm mun sanya tsaba a cikin furrows kuma rufe ƙasa, da hannuwansu.
Bayan yin shuka, zamu sanyaya ƙasa ta hanyar mai toya don kada mu wanke tsaba daga cikin kayan. An kiyaye yawan zafin jiki na tsakanin + 12 ... + 18 ° C babu hakan. A + 20 ° С faski ganye bushe daga overheating.
Faski kula a cikin greenhouse
Idan arean seedlings suna da yawa, muna fitar da bakin ciki, muna barin nesa tsakanin seedlingsan seedlings na akalla 5 cm.
Watering faski ne da za'ayi a lokacin da saman ya bushe bushe, kamar yadda tsire-tsire ba sa yi haƙuri high zafi.
Kafin rufe layuka, muna kwance ƙasa kuma mun lalata ciyawan. Ciyar ba za a iya yi ba.
Don amfani da gida, za'a iya yanke saman dutsen na 10-12 cm zuwa cikin ganye.
Bayan farkon yanke, ragowar "hemp" na faski ana ciyar da shi tare da mafita daga takin mai magani na nitrogen-potassium a cikin adadin 7-10 g / 10 l na ruwa mai ɗumi. A lokacin sanyi a cikin greenhouse, zaku iya ɗaukar amfanin gona mai ninka 5, fasali, samar da dangi tare da shinge mai shinge duk hunturu.
Me ya biyo baya?
Ga masu farawa, yan lambu zasu zama kyakkyawan tsari kuma suna taimakawa girma a cikin ciyawar kore kore 2 waɗanda basu buƙatar kulawa mai rikitarwa. Houseswararru kananzir na iya yin girma mafi girma jerin kayan amfanin gona mai ɗanɗano tare da ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin greenhouse a kan hunturu, ta yin amfani da su a matsayin babban kuma sealant: salads (ganye, kabeji, salatin), radishes na iri daban-daban, rhubarb da sauran albarkatu.
