Wani samfurin halitta na halitta wanda ƙudan zuma ya kirkira shi ake kira zuma. Yaya ƙudan zuma ke sanya zuma, me yasa akwai linden, buckwheat, zuma makiyaya? Ta yaya mai kiwon kudan zuma yake koyarwa daga ganyaye don zaɓar nau'in tsire-tsire iri ɗaya da ɗaukar fure kawai? Ta yaya ƙananan ƙwayoyin micron na pollen suna haifar da ƙwayar viscous tare da kaddarorin warkarwa? Bari muyi kokarin bayyana sirrin samun zuma.
Babban gidansu na kowa shine hive
Sunan da aka saba shine iyali don ƙudan zuma sharaɗi. Wannan wata babbar kungiya ce. Sarauniyar kudan zuma ba uwa ce ga kowa ba. Ayyukanta suna kwanciya qwai, matattara sau daya tare da drones da yawa a cikin jirgin sama na daskarewa. Kuma kafin wannan, ƙudan zuma ciyar da shi daga tsutsa. Kudan zuma kuma kudan zuma ke ciyar da dukkan gajeren rayuwarsu. Rayuwar kudan zuma ya dogara da yanayin fuka-fuki. A lokacin bazara mai tsananin aiki, sun zama ba za a iya ganin su ba a cikin wata guda, kudan zuma kuma suka mutu, ƙudan zuma na kaka da damina kuma suka ɗauki cin hanci na farko a damina.
Kudan zuma yakan fara aiki daga lokacin haifuwa:
- Kwanaki 3 suna tsabtacewa a cikin combs, tsaftace su bayan barin;
- Kwanaki 4-6 na ciyar da larvae tare da zuma da pollen, tashi ko'ina cikin hive;
- A rana ta 7-11, ƙudan zuma suna da madara na mahaifa a cikin gland, suna ciyar da mahaifa da lardin mahaifa, wanda ke haɓaka a cikin ƙwayoyin sel da yawa;
- Kwanaki 12 zuwa 17, gwanayen cuku sun bayyana, ga ƙudan zuma sun zama waɗanda ke ginin gidan saƙar zuma, a lokaci guda suna tsare da hive, ɗaukar ƙoshin ruwan kuma suna kula da microclimate;
- daga ranakun 18 har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwa yayin tarin zuma, kudan zuma ke tashi daga cikin hive don kayan abinci na zuma, kudan zuma.
Beeungiyar kudan zuma a cikin hive tana ƙarƙashin dokokin ƙungiyar halittar mutum ɗaya. Esudan zuma suna ɗaukar pollen daga tsire-tsire masu fure, a sanya su a cikin zuma, a kuma adana shi cikin saƙar zuma da kakin zuma. Masana kimiyya sunyi nazari kan yadda ƙudan zuma ke sanya zuma daga pollen da nectar.
A cikin jirginsa, kudan zuma yana jagorar lokaci, ƙanshi, launi na hive. Ta tashi zuwa furanni a lokacin da aka gano su. Idan in ba ma'aikaci an gyara gidan kudan zuma ba, sai ta nemo shi da wari, amma ba tabbas. Saboda haka, a cikin apiary, an kwantar da amya a launi daban-daban.
Fasahar sarrafa kayan zuma
Kafin ka fara tattara zuma, kana buƙatar samun kwantena don adana samfurin. A cikin hive ko gefen daji, kullun ƙwallon hexagonal ana ƙirƙirar saƙar zuma, kyakkyawan tsari wanda zai baka damar ƙara yawan amfani. Gina ƙudan zuma. A lokaci guda, sel ba duka iri daya bane, sun kasu:
- masu shayarwa, inda suke ciyar da ayaba;
- canjin yanayi, larvae girma a can;
- drone - an gina su ta hanyar ƙudan zuma masu aiki da mahaifa;
- ƙudan zuma - wani wuri don adana zuma.
Me yasa ƙudan zuma zuma, ba shakka. Wajibi ne don ciyar da dabbar da duk wanda ke aiki don kara tsawon rayuwar dangi, kuna buƙatar tara samfurin don hunturu.
Don haka, kudan zuma 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa sun samo makiyaya mai fure kuma ta tashi zuwa hive, ta tattara ƙungiyar don tarin zuma. Beean kudan zuma masu aiki shine mai tattara ƙwayar pollen da nectar. Esudan zuma fara zuma kamar yadda da zarar pollen da nectar shiga cikin goiter ta musamman. Enzymes masu rushe sukari ana aiki dasu a can.
Lokaci guda tare da nectar tare da ƙafafun shaggy, kudan zuma suna tara pollen ta hanyar dasa tsirrai. Kwallen pollen yana ɓoye a cikin kwando a ƙafa, za a yi da naman alade. A cikin kantin abinci, ana ajiye abincin kudan zuma daban da zuma.
Domin cike goiter, kudan zuma na bukatar tattara haraji daga furanni dubu daya da rabi. Da yake an ɗora 70 mits a cikin goiter, kudan zuma tayi ƙasa da ƙasa, ta shawo kan nesa ga hive. Idan hive da yake a tsakiyar zuma shuke-shuke, tashi ba fiye da 2 km, da abinda ke ciki na goiter an kawo wa hive. Idan ya kara - wani ɓangare na samfurin yana tunawa da kudan zuma, don sake sarrafa makamashi. Saboda haka, apiaries suna da hannu, suna matsawa zuwa inda akwai furanni da yawa.
Beesudan zuma masu aiki suna kula da mahaifa, ku ciyar dashi kuma ku haɗu da shi. Don wasu dalilai da ba a san su ba, za su iya dame mahaifa a hannayensu, su ɗauke shi zuwa ƙwallo mai ƙyalli, kwangila. Wani lokacin mai kiwon kudan zuma yakan gano wani abu a cikin gawar, bayinsa, ma’aikatanta, da ’ya’yanta sukan kashe mahaifa.
Idan kuna mamakin yadda ƙudan zuma ke sanya zuma, kalli bidiyon:
Kudan zuma tana canza zuma zuwa ga hive kuma ta gudu don sabon cin hanci. A lokaci guda, ma'aikaci daga hive sau da yawa yana sauke digo na kayan da aka kawo, yana jawo shi a cikin goiter kuma ya sake shi, yana ƙara invertase daga goiter ɗin, yayin da yake ci gaba da haɓaka ƙoshin itacen. Bayan haka, samfurin ya bushe, yana cire danshi mai yawa. An shimfiɗa shi a cikin bakin ciki mai zurfi tare da tushe da ganuwar sel kuma an yarda danshi ya ƙafe. Buan ƙudan zuma a gaban da kuma cikin hive aiki ne na fuka-fuki, samun iska na hive. The zuma, bushe har zuwa danshi abun ciki na 21%, an sanya shi a cikin saman saƙar zuma da kuma shãfe haske da kakin zuma abin. Tun daga lokacin da cin hanci ya tono hive har sai zuma ta narke, yakan ɗauki kwanaki 10.
Yaya yawan kudan zuma yake tarawa ya dogara da dalilai da yawa. A cikin mummunan yanayi, ƙudan zuma ba sa tashi. Idan apiary ya yi nisa, kudan zuma na iya yin letka ɗaya kuma ku kashe rubu'in na cin hanci a kanta. Iyali mai lafiya lokacin bazara yana tara kilogram 150 na zuma, rabin abin da ke zuwa riƙe da rayuwar dangi. Yaya wahala ga ma'aikata don samun samfurin mai dadi, lambobin bushewa sun ce. Beeaya daga cikin kudan zuma mai tara yana sanya nau'ikan 400 a kowace rayuwa, kwari kimanin 800 km. Don 1 g na zuma kuna buƙatar yin nau'in 75. Beeaya daga cikin kudan zuma don rayuwa na iya kawo 5 g na zuma, cokali ɗaya. An tattara kilogram na zuma ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar ƙudan zuma 200. Iyali na iya samun mutane kusan 50,000. Sakamakon ƙarshen ya dogara da yanayin yanayi, kasancewar tsire-tsire na zuma da lafiyar iyali.
Ma'aikacin kudan zuma yana da kwakwalwa mafi girma sosai fiye da mahaifa da drone.
Kayan kudan zuma
A kan shelves akwai toka-kashi 20 na zuma, har ma daga resin resin, wanda ba a bayyane yake ba. Zhivitsa - resin da kudan zuma, tunda kafa proboscis, zai mutu. Ta yaya ƙudan zuma suke tattara zuma kawai daga murhun wuta lokacin da ganye suke kewaye da? Daga zamanin da, an koyar da kwari don tattara kawai linden ko buckwheat zuma, ciyar da wannan samfurin ga ƙudan zuma masu aiki kafin tashi zuwa aiki. Kudan zuma ga ƙudan zuma suna fitar da filin da ake buƙata sau goma sosai, tare da tattara samfurin warkarwa.
