Layin kabeji: broccoli

Romawa sune farkon waɗanda suka “gurɓata” broccoli (Brassica Oleracea convar), kamar yadda aka tabbatar da sunan ɗayan nau'ikan ta - italica. Daga Kudancin Italiya, broccoli ya zo Byzantium, sannan wasu ƙasashe. A yau, wannan kabeji ya shahara sosai a Yammacin Turai, Japan, Kanada da Amurka. A cikin ƙasarmu, ba a san kaɗan game da shi ba, duk da cewa an yi girma iri a cikin Rasha tun ƙarni na 19:Black sicilian, Fari da Jirgin ruwa mai ruwan hoda, Danish dwarf. Nawaf.

Bishiyar bishiyar asparagus kabeji, ko broccoli, tsire-tsire ne na shekara-shekara wanda tsayinsa ya kai 70 zuwa 100 cm tare da fadi, tsayi mai tsayi (har zuwa tsayin kwata). Kamar launi, an yi girma ga kawuna - gajerar takaitaccen tsarin inflorescences, kawai a cikin broccoli yana kama da bunƙasa na fure da aka rufe da shuɗar fure mai launin shuɗi, shuɗi mai duhu ko shuffan shuɗi.

Dangane da abubuwan gina jiki da na kayan abinci, wannan kabeji ya fi gaban farin kabeji: ya ƙunshi sau daya da rabi sau da yawa akan furotin da kuma ma'adinan ma'adinai, bitamin C yana tarawa har zuwa 150 MG cikin 100 g na nauyin rigar. Kuma ganyenta ba ƙanƙanuwa ba ne alayyafo da Kale. Broccoli yana cire salts na karafa mai nauyi, mai arziki a cikin carotene da amino acid - methionine. Tsarin amfani da broccoli a cikin abinci yana rage cholesterol jini kuma yana hana haɓakar atherosclerosis. Abin da ya sa yana da mahimmanci a cikin abinci mai gina jiki.

Na duka broccoli mai yiwuwa shine mafi rashin fassara: sanyi-mai jurewa, mai iya girma ko da akan loam mai nauyi, ƙarancin danshi mai ƙauna. Marigayi-ripening iri dake tsayayya da frosts ƙasa don -10 °. Kuma a cikin yankunan kudanci na Rasha, wasu nau'ikan zasu iya overwinter kuma suyi farin ciki a cikin amfanin gona a watan Afrilu-Mayu. A can ta sami damar girma a matsayin perennial.

Koyaya, broccoli yana bada haɓaka mai tsayi a wuri mai cike da hasken wuta a matsakaici, akan haske da matsakaici ƙasa loamy, wanda ake samarwa a cikin kaka tare da Organic (8-10 kg / sq.m) da ma'adinai (40-50 g / sq.m gishiri gishiri da takin zamani (superphosphate). A cikin bazara makonni biyu kafin dasa shuki ko shuka iri, rufe kusan 60-80 g / m2 na ammonium nitrate ko urea.

Broccoli ana horar da su a cikin hanyoyin seedling da seedling. Don girbi da wuri (a ƙarshen Yuni) kuma ku more shi a cikin bazara, broccoli yana girma ta hanyar shuka, shuka shuka a cikin tukwane na tsawon lokaci tare da tazara tsakanin ranakun 10-20 daga tsakiyar Maris zuwa ƙarshen Mayu. Shirye-shiryen seedlings (35-45 kwana tare da ganye biyar zuwa shida) ana shuka su, bi da bi, daga ƙarshen Afrilu zuwa ƙarshen Yuni. Za'a iya samun manyan kawuna, har zuwa 12 cm a diamita, ana iya samarwa ta hanyar sanya tsire-tsire 4-6 a 1 sq.m. Idan an shuka shi sau da yawa, to gefen yana harbe bayan yankan babban tushe ba zai bunkasa sosai ba, saboda haka ana shuka tsire-tsire a farkon rabin May bisa ga makircin 30-40 × 60-70 cm.

Dama a cikin ƙasa, an shuka broccoli a kudu. Tsaba da dama guda ana sanya a cikin nes a daidai wannan lokacin da lokacin dasa shuki seedlings. Otsan buɗe ido suna thinned fita, da farko barin biyu ko uku shuke-shuke a cikin gida, da kuma bayan daya da rabi zuwa makonni biyu - daya a lokaci guda.

Don sa shugabannin manyan, ya zama dole don sassauta ƙasa a koyaushe tsakanin layuka, don ruwa, don kare daga kwari da kabeji da cututtuka na yau da kullun, kuma don ciyar da su sau biyu ko sau uku a kakar.

Zazzabi yana shafar kwanciya da haɓakar kawunan broccoli ƙasa da farin kabeji. Amma duk da haka, a cikin bazara mai sanyi, haɓakar kawunan yana ƙaruwa, kuma a cikin zafi - na ganyayyaki.

Yana da mahimmanci zabi da hakkin iri-iri. Wadancan farkon suna ba da kananan kawuna kuma galibi suna farawa da haihuwa. A lokacin bazara, waɗanda ke haifar da ƙarancin ganye a yanayin zafi ya fi dacewa.

Abubuwa biyar da kuma kabeji na kabeji na broccoli an haɗa su a cikin rajistar nasarorin zaɓi:

• Rasha farkon cikakke Harshen Tonus tare da ƙananan ganye mai haske-launin toka, kore mai duhu tare da kyakkyawan dandano, matsakaici mai tsayi, kai har zuwa 8 cm tsayi kuma mai nauyin har zuwa 200 g; amfanin gona 2 kilogiram / sq.m;
• Yaren mutanen Holland tsakiyar-kakar matasan F1 Fiestatsayayya da fusarium da mummunan yanayin, tare da dogon ganye mai launin shuɗi-kore da koren duhu, mai tsananin girman matsakaici, an rufe shi da ganyayyaki; ba ya yin harbe-harbe a kaikaice; girbi 3,5 kg / sq.m;
• Yaren mutanen Holland marigayi ripening iri-iri Nahiyar tare da karko - har zuwa 2.2 kg / sq m. - amfanin gona na masu hada kai masu buɗe idanu masu nauyin kore waɗanda nauyinsu ya kai 600 g;
• Czech tsakiyar-iri iri Linda tare da ganyayyaki mai launin toka-kore da kuma matsakaici mai-matsakaici, buɗe kai yana ɗaukar 300-400 g; Zai fi kyau shuka gwargwadon shirin 50 × 50 cm; bayan yankan, bugu da formsari yana haruffa zuwa 7 shugabannin 70 g kowane; yana ba da wadataccen amfanin gona na 3-4 kg / sq.m;
• Jafananci tsakiyar-kakar, high zazzabi resistant matasan F1 Arcadia tare da matsakaici-sized bluish ganye da duhu kore domed m kai har zuwa 450 g, bada har zuwa 1.5 kg / sq.m.

Lokaci Girbi broccoli gajere ne, kamar yadda yake farfadowa, kai da sauri crumbles. Kayan da aka kafa cikakke yana da diamita na cm 8-20. Ana cire kan ta tsakiyar kafin a fara tohon fure. Idan aƙalla sau ɗaya na inflorescence ya ba da izinin yin fure, shugabannin suna da taushi da mara amfani, kuma ɗayan ɓangarorin sun daina girma. An yanke su a cikin lokacin sanyi na rana tare da daskararru na tsawon cm 10 cm, wanda shima ya shiga abinci. Ana cire shugabannin da ke girma a gefen harbe bayan makonni biyu zuwa uku, lokacin da zasu zama 4 cm a diamita.

A cikin bude ƙasa, an girbe broccoli har sai sanyi mai daskarewa, a cikin greenhouse - har zuwa ƙarshen Nuwamba. A zazzabi a daki, kawunan su kanyi juye-juye a cikin kwana daya zuwa biyu, kuma a irin wannan yanayi ba za'a iya daure shi ba. Ana kiyaye Broccoli a cikin firiji har mako guda. Kuna iya kiyaye shi sabo kamar haka: bayan girbi, yayyafa kabeji nan da nan tare da ruwan sanyi, sanya shi a cikin jaka filastik tare da kankara kanana kuma sanyi zuwa 0 °. Broccoli kuma yana da kyau don daskarewa.

Girke-girke na farin kabeji kuma ya dace da broccoli. Salads, miyan abinci, an shirya jita-jita daga gare ta, amma ya fi dacewa a cikin marinated.

Gwada girke-girke mai zuwa: Raba kawunan m zuwa kananan inflorescences kuma tafasa don minti 2-3. a cikin ruwan zãfi da gishiri da citric acid (kilogram na broccoli - 5 l na ruwa, 50 g na gishiri, 3 g na citric acid). Sa'an nan kuma kwantar da inflorescences da sauri a cikin ruwa, ya sa a cikin kwalba na steamed kuma cika da marinade: gama 2.5 na ruwa na ruwa - 1.5 kofuna waɗanda vinegar, 0.5 kofuna na granulated sukari, Peas na allspice da dama bay ganye.

Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su:

• V. Bakulina, Kwamitin Jiha na Federationungiyar forungiyar Rasha don Gwaji da Kariya na Abubuwan Ciwo