Karas

Karas (Daucus) memba ne a gidan Umbrella. Sunan "karas" ya fito ne daga yaren Proto-Slavic. A cikin daji, ana samun wannan shuka a New Zealand, America, Africa, Australia da Rum. A cikin aikin gona, karas da aka shuka ko karas da aka noma (Daucus sativus) suna girma, kuma yana bambanta tsakanin tebur da iri iri. Irin wannan al'ada an girma har kusan shekaru dubu 4, kuma a tsawon wannan lokaci yawancin adadi na wannan shuka sun bayyana. Akwai ra'ayi cewa wannan al'ada ta fito ne daga Afghanistan, tunda har zuwa yau ana samun yawancin nau'ikan karas a yanayi a can. Da farko, an girma karas don samar da tsaba da ƙanshin ƙanshi, ba kamar amfanin gona ba. A cikin Turai, wannan shuka ya kasance a karni na 10-13th AD. A cikin "Domostroy" akwai ambaton karas, kuma wannan yana nuna cewa a cikin ƙarni na 16 an riga an fara noma shi a Rasha.

Fasali karas

Carrot shine tsire-tsire na herbaceous wanda yake shekara-shekara, biennial ko perennial. A cikin shekarar farko ta girma, rosette kawai ake samu a ciki, wanda ya kunshi faranti-gefukan da aka watsa, har ma da kayan amfanin gona, kuma ana kafa tsaba ne kawai a shekara ta biyu na girma. Siffar tushen fleshy itace mai-kamar-zindikan, truncated-conical ko silili, kuma yawanta ya bambanta daga 0.03 zuwa kilogiram 0.5 ko fiye. Umbaƙƙarfan laima mai ƙima-ƙwaya 10-inch ya ƙunshi ƙananan furanni na launin rawaya mai haske, fari ko shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, tare da fure mai launin shuɗi a tsakiya. Fruitan itacen ƙarami ne mai siffa iri biyu, wanda zai kai kusan 40 mm. Tushen Tushen ya haɗa da carotenes, lycopene, bitamin B, flavonoids, anthocyanidins, sugars, ascorbic da pantothenic acid da sauran abubuwa masu amfani da jikin ɗan adam ke buƙata.

Dasa karas a cikin ƙasa bude

Wani lokaci don shuka

A cikin karas, shuka iri yana farawa a zazzabi na ƙasa na 4 zuwa 6. A wannan batun, za a iya shuka shuka lokacin da ƙasa tayi zafi har zuwa zafin jiki da aka nuna, a matsayin mai mulkin, wannan ya faru riga a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Afrilu. Tsaka-tsaka-tsaka da iri-iri wanda za'a iya girbewa daga Afrilu 20 zuwa 7 ga Mayu. Idan ƙasa tana matsakaici, to, ana iya shuka karas a sati na biyu na Mayu, kuma akan ƙasa mai haske - har zuwa ƙarshen kwanakin bazara. Tsaba da suke cikin ƙasa zasu iya tsayayya da daskararru don a rage digiri 4. Yana da kyau sosai idan bayan shuka shi yayi ruwa na kwana a jere. Latti don shuka tsaba kada ta kasance, saboda a wannan yanayin sprouts din ba zai fito na dogon lokaci ba.

Ƙasa mai dacewa

Tsarin karas yana buƙatar zaɓar rana har ma. Koyaya, ga irin wannan al'ada, makirci tare da ƙaramar ra'ayi ya dace. Miyagun magabata na wannan al'ada su ne: Fennel, parsnips, wake, caraway tsaba, faski da karas, kamar yadda waɗannan tsire-tsire da gaske suna shan abubuwan gina jiki da suke buƙata daga ƙasa, don haka yanke shi. Irin waɗannan shafuka sun dace da dasa karas aƙalla shekaru 3 bayan haka. Kuma mafi kyawun magabata sune: cucumbers, kabeji, tafarnuwa, dankali, zucchini, tumatir da albasa.

Bayan an samo shafin da ya dace, ya kamata ku fara shirya shi. Digging Ya wajaba don aiwatarwa a gaba, ko kuma, a cikin bazara, sannan kafin farkon bazara, zai sami lokaci ya zauna. Tona ƙasa ya zama dole don bayonets 1.5 na shebur, gaskiyar ita ce idan tushen amfanin gona ya fara girma da ƙarfi, to ya huta akan ƙasan ƙasa mai wuya, zai canza alkiblarsa, sakamakon abin da kayan lambu zai lalace. Yana da wahala in an cire tushen amfanin gona daga ƙasa. Kafin dasa shuki, dole ne a yi amfani da takin ƙasa don ƙasa, suna yin hakan a lokacin digging na kaka, alal misali, gram 15 na taki, kilo 2 zuwa 3 na humus, gram 25-30 na superphosphate da 15-20 gram na nitrogen ana ɗauka a kowace murabba'in mita 1 na zangon takin mai magani. A cikin bazara, dole ne a sanya rukunin yanar gizon, ta amfani da rake don wannan.

Shuka

Kafin shuka karas a cikin ƙasa buɗe, ya kamata a shuka iri kafin a inganta shuka. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don shirya tsaba don shuka:

Domin kwana 1 ya kamata a nutsar dasu cikin ruwa mai ruwa (kimanin digiri 30), yayin da za a maye gurbin ruwan a wannan lokacin akalla sau 6. Idan ana so, ana iya maye gurbin ruwa da maganin ash ash (1 tablespoon na abu ana ɗaukar 1 lita na ruwa mai ɗumi). Bayan awanni 24 sun shude, ya kamata a rinka fitar da tsaba a cikin ruwa mai tsabta, sannan a sanya su cikin mayafi a saka mayafi na firiji tsawon kwanaki.
Ya kamata a yayyafa tsaba a cikin jakar mayafi, wanda aka nitsar cikin ruwan zafi na kusan rabin uku na sa'a (kimanin digiri 50). Sa'an nan nan da nan don 2-3 minti. tsoma a ruwan sanyi.
An zuba iri a cikin jakar nama, wanda dole ne a shigar a cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin spade bayonet. A can ya kamata ya kwanta tsawon makonni 1.5.
Kuna iya yin kumfa a gaban mai yin kumfa. Don yin wannan, ana nutsar da tsaba a cikin maganin siliki ko Epina, cike da iskar oxygen, inda dole ne su tsaya daga sa'o'i 18 zuwa 20.

Bayan kammala pre-shuka shiri, za ka iya ci gaba zuwa shuka shuka na karas a cikin ƙasa bude. Idan ƙasa akan shafin haske ne, to lallai ne a binne tsaba a ciki ta hanyar 20-30 mm, idan ƙasa tayi nauyi, to ya kamata a rage zurfin seeding zuwa 15-20 mm. Jere jeri yakai santimita 20. Tsakanin tsaba a jere, ya kamata a lura da nisa daga 30 zuwa 40 mm. Don tabbatar da cewa amfanin gona ba mai yawa ba ne, 'yan lambu sukan saba da dabarar da ke tafe: takarda bayan gida tana bukatar a yanke shi cikin bakin ciki, za a iya amfani da liƙa na manna (daga gari ko sitaci) a cikin tsararrakin 30-40 mm, bayan wannan an shimfiɗa tsaba a ciki. Bayan manna ya bushe, takarda yana buƙatar a ninka shi a cikin rabin a tsawon tsawon kuma ya yi rauni a cikin littafin. A lokacin shuka, takarda tare da tsaba yana buɗewa kuma ya yi daidai cikin tsagi, wanda dole ne ya fara kasancewa da ruwa sosai. Lokacin da aka dasa tsaba a cikin ƙasa, ya kamata a rufe farfajiya na shimfiɗa santimita mai santimita uku, wannan zai hana bayyanar ɓawon burodi a kanta, wanda zai iya wahalar da shuka na ƙwayar cuta.

Akwai kuma wata hanyar shuka wannan amfanin gona. Don yin wannan, an yanke takarda bayan gida ko tawul ɗin takarda a cikin kananan murabba'ai, tare da kowane digo na liƙa, wanda akan sanya 1 ko 2 da 1 granule na ma'adinin ma'adinai mai cakuda. Dole ne a rushe murabba'i don yin kwallaye, idan sun bushe, an cire su don ajiya kafin shuka. Yayin shuka, ana sanya waɗannan kwallayen a cikin ɗakin tsagi tare da nisa na 30-40 mm.

Dasa karas a cikin hunturu

Tare da karas shuka hunturu, lambu zai iya samun amfanin gona na rabin wata a baya fiye da lokacin bazara. Koyaya, a cikin kaka, kawai ana shuka iri-iri na farko, kuma irin waɗannan albarkatun gonar ba su dace da ajiyar dogon lokaci ba. Za'ayi shuka ne a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Oktoba ko na farko - a watan Nuwamba, yayin da ake shirya shafin don wannan al'ada ya kamata a yi kwanaki 20 kafin shuka. Lokacin da aka yi shuka, farfajiya na gadaje ya kamata a rufe shi da santimita uku na santimita. Tare da farkon bazara, saman gado ya kamata a rufe shi da fim, an cire shi nan da nan bayan bayyanar seedlings. Ya kamata a lura cewa kasa mai haske kawai sun dace da shuka karas hunturu.

Kula da karas

Don shuka karas a cikin lambun ku, kuna buƙatar shayar da shi a kan kari, idan ya cancanta, fitar da ƙwayar bakin ciki, ta kwance abin da ke kwance a kan lambun, sannan kuma fitar da duk ciyawar nan da nan bayan sun bayyana, saboda wasu cututtukan na iya kamuwa da irin wannan shuka.

Thinning

A karo na farko ya kamata a fitar da ganye lokacin da suka kirkiro fararen ganye 2 na gaske, yayin da nisan 20-30 mm ya kamata a lura tsakanin tsirrai. Bayan harbe sun kafa karin fararen ganye na biyu, suna buƙatar sake sake fitar da su, yayin da dole ne a lura da nisan 40-60 mm tsakanin tsararran. Domin kada ku karaya da karas, kuna buƙatar shuka shi ta amfani da ƙwallon ƙafa ko takaddar takarda (duba sama). Don cire ciyawa ciyawa daga shafin kamata ya zama a lokaci guda lokacin da thinning seedlings. Yarinya ana bada shawarar bayan an shayar da gado.

Yadda ake ruwa

Don tattara amfanin gona na karas, kuna buƙatar shayar da shi daidai, to tushen amfanin gona zai zama mai daɗi, babba kuma mai laushi. Idan tsirrai ba su da isasshen ruwa, to, saboda wannan, tushen amfanin gona zai yi laushi, dandanowar za su zama mai daci. Kuna buƙatar shayar da wannan amfanin gona daidai daga lokacin shuka har zuwa lokacin girbi.

A lokacin ban ruwa, yakamata a yayyafa ƙasa da ruwa zuwa zurfin ƙasa da 0.3 m, wanda yayi dace da matsakaicin darajar tushen amfanin gona. Idan bushes ba shi da ruwa, to tushen sa na gefen ya girma, yana neman ƙarin tushen danshi, saboda wannan tushen amfanin gona zai rasa bayyanar kasuwancin su, jikin su ya yi taushi da kauri. Idan shayar da karas yana da yawa sosai, wannan zai haifar da fashewar amfanin gona, ƙananan harbe zasu bayyana a farfajiya, da haɓakar haɓaka fi. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, shayar da gadaje tare da karas ana yin 1 lokaci a cikin kwanaki 7, yayin da bin wannan tsarin:

bayan shuka, da farko don amfani da ban ruwa don 3 lita na ruwa a kowace muraba'in mita 1 na gadaje;
lokacin da aka dasa ganyen a karo na biyu, ana buƙatar ƙara yawan ban ruwa, saboda haka, guga 1 na ruwa a yanzu ana buƙatar kashe shi a kan murabba'in mita 1 na tsagewar;
bayan bushes girma kore taro, tushen amfanin gona fara girma na rayayye, kuma a wannan lokacin, watering ya zama ya fi yawa (2 buckets na ruwa da 1 murabba'in mita na mãkirci);
lokacin da makonni 6-8 ya rage kafin girbi, ana rage adadin ban ruwa zuwa lokaci 1 a cikin kwanaki 10-15, yayin da guga 1 na ruwa ana ɗaukar mitir 1 na gado;
kuma idan kwanaki 15-20 suka rage kafin girbin, dole ne a dakatar da ciyar da karas gaba ɗaya.

Taki

A duk tsawon lokacin girma, dole ne a ciyar da tsire-tsire sau biyu: ciyarwa ta farko ana aiwatar da makonni 4 bayan bayyanar seedlings, kuma na biyu bayan makonni 8. Don ciyar da yin amfani da taki ruwa, wanda ya kunshi 1 tbsp. l nitrofoski, 2 tbsp. itace ash, 20 grams na potassium nitrate, 15 grams na urea da wannan adadin superphosphate da 1 guga na ruwa. Ana yin suturar miya kawai bayan an shayar da gado.

Karin kwari da cututtuka na karas tare da hotuna

Cututtukan karas

Karas na iya cutar da kwari da cutarwa iri iri, don haka dole kowane ɗan lambu ya san abin da zai yi a yanayi na musamman don adana amfanin gona. Don wannan al'ada, mafi haɗari sune cututtuka irin su phomosis, bacteriosis, septoria, launin toka, fari, ja da baki.

Kwayar cuta

Kwayar cuta - yaduwarta na faruwa tare da tarkacewar shuka da iri. A wannan batun, bayan an girbe girbi, dole ne a cire ragowar filo daga wurin, kuma dole ne a yi shuka iri kafin shuka, domin wannan an mai da shi a cikin ruwan zafi (kimanin digiri 52).

Grey da fari rot

Grey da fari rot - kusan dukkanin kayan lambu suna ƙarƙashin waɗannan cututtuka. Kwayoyin su sukan bayyana a lokacin adana kayan lambu. Don dalilai na prophylaxis, ya wajaba don kwantar da ƙasa mai acidic, kada su wuce gona da iri tare da takin tare da takin da ke ƙunshe da nitrogen, don cire ciyawa duk ta hanyar da ta dace, kuma kafin sanya kayan lambu don adanawa, an cude su da alli. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci cewa an kirkiro amfanin gona a ƙarƙashin yanayin ingantaccen yanayi, yayin da ajiyar dole ne ya sami iska mai kyau.

Cuta cuta (ja rot)

Cuta mai sanyi (ja rot) - da farko launin shuɗi ko launin ruwan kasa ake kafa tushe akan amfanin gona da abin ya shafa. Yayinda cutar ta bunkasa, sun ɓace, kuma a cikin wurin sclerotia na baƙar fata naman gwari an kafa. Dukkanin albarkatun gona suna da saukin kamuwa da wannan cuta: karas, turnips, beets, rutabaga, faski, da sauransu Dalilin ci gaban wannan cutar shine gabatarwar taki a cikin ƙasa a matsayin taki. Tushen tushen amfanin gona ana adana daban da waɗanda suke da lafiya.

Baki dame

Black rot - a kan tushen amfanin gona da abin ya shafa ya bayyana yankunan da lalatattun launin launin fata-launin fata. Wannan cuta ita ce mafi haɗari ga gwajin karas. Dole ne a cire karas da abin ya shafa da wuri-wuri. Don prophylaxis, ana kula da tsaba tare da bayani na Tigam (0.5%) kafin shuka.

Septoria

Septoria - kananan aibobi na chlorotic sun bayyana akan ciyawar daji mai fama da cutar. Yayinda cutar ta ci gaba, sun zama launin ruwan kasa kuma suna da ja mai duhu. Saurin yaduwar cutar yana taimakawa ga yawan zafi. A alamomin farko na cutar, ana fuskantar gado ta maimaita magani tare da maganin cakuda Bordeaux (1%) tare da tazara tsakanin makonni 1.5 tsakanin zaman. Dole ne a tono waɗancan busheshen da abin ya shafa da kuma lalata su. Lokacin da aka girbe amfanin gona, sauran amfanin gona suka ƙone. Don dalilan yin rigakafin, iri kafin a sanyaya an mai da shi a cikin ruwan zafi, sannan a sanyaya nan da nan a cikin sanyi. Kazalika shirya wurin shuka karas, potash da phosphorus takin zamani dole ne a ƙara zuwa ƙasa don digging.

Fomoz

Phomosis - yana lalata da mai tushe na gwaje-gwajen, har ma da inflorescences. Sa'an nan, aibobi launin ruwan kasa suna bayyana a saman ɓangaren tushen, wanda ke zurfafa tsawon lokaci, kuma an lalata amfanin gonar gaba ɗaya. A kan ƙasa mai haske, wannan cuta tana haɓaka da sauri. Don dalilai na hanawa, kafin shuka iri, ya kamata a kula da kayan tare da bayani na Tigam (0.5%), kuma ya kamata a cire kayan tushen tushen cutar nan da nan.

Karin kwari

Motocin hunturu, matsosai, kwari da karas da wireworms zasu iya cutar da wannan al'ada.

Matsawa

Motsi - idan babu dayawa, to zaka iya tattara su da hannu. Idan gastropods sun cika shafin, to lallai zasu yi yaƙi tare da taimakon tarkunan da aka inganta. Don yin wannan, a wurare da yawa akan rukunin yanar gizon, ya kamata ku tono a cikin ƙananan kwalba waɗanda ke cike da giya, ƙanshinta zai jawo yawancin adadin tarkoki zuwa tarkuna. Idan akwai kankana ko kabewa, to kuna buƙatar yanke shi cikin gwanayen da aka shimfiɗa a saman shafin, da safe kawai zaku tattara ƙwayoyin kwari waɗanda suka fashe don cin abinci akan "jiyya" da kuka bari. Hakanan zaka iya cika farfajiyar maƙarƙashiya tare da katako na ash, ƙurar superphosphate ko ƙyallen Pine.

Wireworms

Wireworms a zahiri shine larvae na duhu nutcracker. Ba za su iya cutar da karas ba kawai, har ma albarkatu irin su cucumbers, seleri, strawberries, kabeji, tumatir da dankali. Tsawon irin ƙwaro tsohuwar yakai mil 10; tana da launin ruwan kasa-baƙi, kuma elytra ɗinta mai haske ja. Mace mai cinye mata tana sanya kwan kwanciya, a ciki akwai kusan ƙwai 200. Brownish-yellow cylindrical larvae ƙyanƙyashe daga gare su, sun kai game da 40 mm a tsawon, An lura da ci gaban shekaru 3-5. Don share yankin na wireworms, ana kuma buƙatar tarkuna. Don yin wannan, akan rukunin yanar gizon, kuna buƙatar yin wasu ramuka masu zurfi ba wanda aka sa guda biyu na amfanin gona ba (dankali, karas, beets, da dai sauransu) ko kuma an saka ciyawar Semi-overripe. Sai ki cika ramin da ƙasa ki saka pegi, don kar a manta inda yake. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, ramin yana buƙatar a haƙa shi, kuma koto, tare da kwari da aka taru a ciki, ya lalace.

Kayan Aiki Hunturu

Masanan daji na diba - suna cutar da wani yanki na daji, harma suna lalata harbe da asalinsu, lalata su. Duk da haka waɗannan caterpillars suna cutar tumatir, faski, albasa, kohlrabi, beets, cucumbers da dankali. Don kawar da caterpillars, an fesa gado tare da maganin kashe kwari, bin umarnin da aka haɗe da shi, alal misali, zaku iya amfani da Cyanox, Revikurt, Ambush, Anometrin ko Etafos.

Don hana bayyanar tashi ta karas, ana shuka albasa tsakanin layuka tare da karas.

Girbi da adanar karas

Harkar karas ta ƙunshi matakai da yawa. Da farko, ana yin abin da aka sa a hankali a kan amfanin gona, saboda wannan, ana iya fitar da karas a lokacin dafa abinci. Sakamakon haka, ragowar kayan lambu za su sami abinci mai gina jiki da yawa, kuma riba mai yawa za ta zama mai ƙwazo. A watan Yuli, farkon girbin iri na wannan shuka ana girbe. Tushen amfanin gona na irin matattakalar matsakaici suna haƙa a watan Agusta. Kuma girbi na iri-ripening iri, wanda za'a iya adana na dogon lokaci, yana da za'ayi a karo na biyu rabin Satumba.

Ana yin girbi a rana, bushe da rana. Idan ƙasa tana da haske, to, za a iya fitar da karas, a kama ta. Kuma idan ƙasa tana da nauyi, to, dole ne a fitar da amfanin gona daga ciki dauke da felu. Cire fitar da amfanin gona mai tushe dole ne a ware, yayin da duk karas da suka ji rauni ana ajiye su domin cigaba. Don waɗannan tushen albarkatun gona waɗanda suka dace don ajiya, duk foliage ya kamata a cire su zuwa kan ainihin, bayan da aka sanya su a ƙarƙashin wata alfarwa kuma an bar su kwanaki da yawa don bushewa. Sannan ana iya tsabtace amfanin gona a wajen ajiya. Gidan cellar ko cellar abu ne mai kyau don adana irin wannan kayan lambu; ana sanya karas a cikin akwatunan da aka yi da filastik ko itace, kuma ya kamata a yayyafa shi da busassun sand domin kada amfanin gona ya taɓa juna. An maye gurbin yashi da gansakuka idan ana so. Wasu lambu suna yin amfani da alli da ƙwayayen albasa don wannan dalilin, godiya ga wannan yayyafa, za a kiyaye amfanin gona daga bayyanar rot. Akwai kuma wata hanya don adana karas, wanda shine cakuda karas da yumbu. Clay an haɗe shi da ruwa zuwa daidaituwa mai mau kirim, bayan wannan ana narkar da tushen amfanin gona a cikin wannan zance kuma ana shimfiɗa shi a kan teburin tarho. Lokacin da suka bushe, an tattara su a hankali a cikin ɗakin ajiya. Irin wannan karas, lokacin da aka ajiye shi a cikin rami bushe a zazzabi na kimanin digiri 0, ya riƙe juiciness da ɗanɗanonta har sai lokacin bazara.

Iri da nau'ikan karas tare da hotuna da sunaye

Mafi yawan mutane sun yi imanin cewa karas dole ne ya kasance yana da launi mai ruwan-orange kuma yana da siffar mazugi, amma wannan ya yi nisa da batun. Karas ya zama lemo kawai a ƙarni na 17, kuma kafin hakan ya bambanta, alal misali, a cikin Daular Roma irin wannan kayan lambu fararen fata ne, a wasu ƙasashen Yammacin Turai - baƙi, da kuma a cikin Misira ta Tsohon - purple. A cikin masu zane-zane na Dutch a farkon canvases zaka iya ganin hoto na karas mai launin rawaya da shunayya. Lokacin da karas na fari na farko ya bayyana, yana da launi mai haske, tunda ya haɗa da ƙaramin carotene (sau 3-4 ƙasa da bambancin zamani). A shekara ta 2002, an sake yin amfani da karas masu launin shunayya masu launin shuɗi, kuma ana iya sayanta kyauta. Abubuwan aladu masu laushi sune anthocyanidins, ban da irin waɗannan karas, waɗannan abubuwan sunadarai ne na beets, basil purple da kabeji ja, suna taimakawa haɓaka aikin kwakwalwa da tsarin jijiyoyin jini, taimakawa tsaftataccen jinin ƙonawa da cholesterol. Har yanzu ana aiwatar da aikin kiwo a cikin yanayin canza girman da sifar tushen albarkatun gona, don haka a yau akwai nau'ikan da ke da kusan zagaye, zagaye mai siffa, conical, siffar nunawa, kuma tare da tukwici masu zagaye.

Yawancin nau'ikan wannan kayan lambu sun kasu kashi. Babban iri sune:

Paris Carotel. Wannan nau'in tsiro mai zurfi yana bada yawan amfanin ƙasa, koda kuwa an girma akan yumbu ko ƙasa mara kyau, gonar har yanzu baza'a barta ba tare da amfanin gona ba. Kayan kayan lambu masu laushi masu taushi da taushi suna da nau'i mai kama da radish, a diamita sun kai 40 mm.
Amsterdam. Wannan farkon cikakke iri ne ba a yi niyya don ajiya na dogon lokaci ba. Kayan lambu mai laushi mai laushi da taushi suna da karamin ci da siffar silima tare da ƙarshen zagaye, tsawonsu ya kasance daga santimita 15 zuwa 17, kuma a diamita sun kai 20-25 mm. Koyaya, ya kamata a lura cewa waɗannan kayan lambu suna da rauni sosai, kuma idan kun kula da su da hankali, suna da sauƙin rauni.
Nantes. Siffar kayan marmari mai laushi da mai dadi shine cylindrical tare da ƙarshen zagaye, tsawonsu shine kusan santimita 22, kuma a diamita sun kai 30-40 mm. Ya dace da cin abinci a lokacin rani, har ma don adanawa.
Berlicum Nantes. Tushen tushen silifon yana da ƙarewar kaifi da girman girma idan aka kwatanta da Nantes. Irin waɗannan albarkatun gona sun dace sosai don adanawa na dogon lokaci, amma ƙaddarar su tana da ƙanƙantar da ƙasa da na nau'ikan da aka bayyana a sama.
Mai martaba sarki. Tsawon tsararren amfanin gona kusan santimita 25 ne; suna da kamanni mai ma'ana tare da ƙarshen ƙarshe. Hanyoyin da aka haɗa a cikin wannan jerin sun bambanta cikin dandano (akwai mai daɗi kuma ba mai dadi ba ne), ƙanshi da digiri na kiyaye tushen amfanin gona, a cikin wasu nau'ikan za su iya zama mai rauni ba tare da kulawa ba.
Flacca. A cikin wannan tsiron, tushen amfanin gona shine mafi ƙarfi kuma mafi tsawo (kimanin 0.3 m). Yawan taro mai tushe na iya kaiwa kilogiram 0.5 ko fiye. Lokacin girma a cikin waɗannan nau'ikan yana da girma sosai, kuma waɗannan albarkatun tushe sun dace da tanadin dogon lokaci, amma sun fi ƙarancin ɗanɗano ga karas a cikin Amsterdam da Nantes.

Hakanan, duk nau'ikan da aka yi niyya don bude ƙasa an rarrabu gwargwadon dalilin namo. Wadannan nau'ikan suna da matukar bambanci:

F1 Purple Elixir. A saman, kayan lambu masu tushe suna da launi mai launin shuɗi tare da tintaccen shunayya mai launin shuɗi, naman jikin su orange. A tsawon, sun kai santimita 20. Wannan karas ya dace da salads, har ma da naɗa.
Girman Rasha. Wannan iri-iri, wanda wakilin Sarkin ne iri-iri iri daban-daban, ya shahara tsakanin sauran ta hanyar girman amfanin gona. Lokacin da aka girma a cikin ƙasa mai sauƙi, tsayin su na iya kaiwa zuwa 0.3 m, da nauyi - har zuwa 1 kg. Irin waɗannan manyan kayan marmari na tushen suna da matattara mai danshi mai danshi mai daɗi, kyakkyawan launi mai launi na orange da ƙarami mai mahimmanci.
Yankana cranberries. Wannan iri-iri nasa ne da Paris Carotel iri-iri. A waje, kayan amfanin gona, waɗanda suke da kusan iri iri, suna kama da cranberries, sun haɗa da adadin sukari da daskararru. Ya dace da ajiyayyun lokaci da kuma canning.
Minicore. Wannan nau'in farkon farkon cikakke yana cikin nau'ikan Amsterdam. Tsawon ƙananan albarkatun gona mai laushi m ne daga santimita 13 zuwa 15; suna da siffar silima da ɗanɗano mai laushi. Wannan karas ya dace wa da gwangwani baki-ɗaya.

Idan mai lambu yana da mahimmanci don ɗanɗano tushen amfanin gona, da kuma adadin abubuwan amfani a cikinsu, to ya kamata ya kula da ire-iren waɗannan:

Mataimakin. Wannan iri-iri, na mallakar Flacca iri-iri ne, an ƙirƙire shi kwanan nan, yana ƙunshe da adadin beta-carotene. Idan an kwatanta shi da sauran nau'ikan, to wannan abun a ciki bai kai 1/3 ba. Red-rasberi m tushen amfanin gona da tushe na mai haske launi, a tsawon sun kai matsakaita 22 santimita.
Abincin Gyada. Wannan matasan yana daga kayan aikin sarki. Tsawon albarkatun ruwan orange mai duhu duhu kusan 25 santimita, ainihin su ƙanana ne, kuma farfajiyar ta yi laushi.
Kwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta. A iri-iri nasa ne da iri-iri Nantes. Abun da ke tattare da tushen albarkar ja-ja sun haɗa da adadin kuzari mai yawa, ba su da ƙima, kuma tsayin su kusan santimita 20 ne. Irin waɗannan karas suna da dadi sosai, mai taushi, mai daɗi.
Losinoostrovskaya 13. Tsarin-ripening na matsakaici, wanda ya dace da tanadin dogon lokaci. Tsawon tushen amfanin gona daga 15 zuwa 18 santimita.

Wasu lambu sun fi son nau'ikan da suke da tsayayya wa cuta, yawan amfanin ƙasa da ingancin kiyayewa. Yakamata su kula da ire-iren waɗannan irin su:

Samson. -Arancin wadataccen haɓaka na matsakaici, wanda wakili ne na Nantes iri-iri. Hanyar ingantaccen kayan marmari na orange shine cylindrical, naman jikinsu yana da dadi, m da kayan crispy.
Mo. Wannan nau'in marigayi Emperor iri-iri ana bambanta shi ta hanyar yawan aiki da ingancin kiyayewa mai kyau. Siffar tushen m orange albarkatu mai tushe ne conical, kuma a tsawon su kai game da 20 santimita.
Flacca. Yawancin suna da lokacin fitowar ta matsakaici; yana girma sosai cikin ƙasa mai nauyi. Siffar kayan masarufi kamus ne, suna da idanu sosai, kuma tsawonsu yakai santimita 30.
Forto. Wannan tsakiyar-farkon iri-iri nasa ne da iri-iri na Nantes. Siffar kyawawan kayan masarufi mai laushi mara nauyi shine sililin, tsawon su yana daga 18 zuwa 20 santimita. Wannan nau'ikan yana da yawan amfanin ƙasa kuma ya dace da ajiyayyen lokaci.

Hakanan, nau'in wannan al'ada an raba su ta balaga:

a farkon ko a farkon - ana yin girbi bayan kwanaki 85-100;
matsakaiciyar lokacin girbi - ana girbe amfanin gona bayan kwanaki 105-120;
marigayi - tushen amfanin gona ya faɗa cikin kimanin kwanaki 125.

Mafi kyawun nau'ikan 'yan fari: Alenka, Farin Belji, Zuciya, Nishaɗi, Bangor, Kinby, Launi, Laguna da Tushon. Sanannun nau'ikan ripening na matsakaici: Vitamin, Altair, Viking, Callisto, Kanada, Leander, Olympian da Chanten Royal. Mafi kyawun nau'in marigayi-ripening: Sarauniyar Autumn, Vita Longa, Yellowstone, Selecta, Kammala, Totem, Tinga, Olympus, Scarl.