Girbe kuma lokaci yayi da za ayi domin shekara mai zuwa. Lambu Novice lambu sigh more da yardar kaina. Dukkanin manyan ayyuka an kammala su. Ya rage don sayen tsaba da shuka a cikin kofuna waɗanda a cikin ƙasa talakawa waɗanda aka ɗauka daga lambun ku. Kuma mamakinsu yana da girma yayin da wata sako da ba a san ta fito ba maimakon tumatir. Kuskuren irin wannan lambu shine cewa suna ƙoƙarin ciyar da jariri da abinci mara kyau, maimakon abincin jariri. Seedlings bukatar daban-daban ƙasa abun da ke ciki. Kuna iya siyan wannan cakuda a cikin shagunan ƙwararrun, amma ya fi kyau ku sayi kanku.
Seedlings a cikin ƙasa tattalin.
Requirementasa da ake buƙata don tsire-tsire na kayan lambu
Talakawa lambun gona bai dace da shuka iri ba. Abubuwan haɗin ruwan cakulan na gaba dole ne a shirya daga faɗuwar. An girbe su a cikin bushewar yanayi don guje wa ci gaban daukacin cututtukan ƙasa da kwari.
Haɓakar ƙasa don shuka da aka shuka don dangi ɗaya zasu buƙaci buhu 1-3, don haka ba zai zama da wuya a tattara abubuwa da yawa a cikin kwantena daban-daban ba kuma a nisantar da ruwan sama na kaka.
Abubuwan da ake buƙata don cakuda ƙasa sune haske, iska-mai ruwa-ruwa, shan ruwa, wadatacce, mai wadatar halitta da abinci mai ma'adinin ƙasa a cikin wadatattun salts na takin gargajiya da abubuwan da aka gano. PH na cakuda ya kamata ya kasance 6.5-7.0, wato, zama mai tsaka tsaki acidity. A cikin bazara, muna bazu cikin kwantena daban:
- humus (tumatir rotted) ko vermicompost,
- ciyawar daji ko turf ƙasar,
- gardenasar gona daga inda take, daga wuraren da ba a yi amfani da ciyawa, fungicides da sauran sunadarai ba,
- katako, itacen ash
- bambaro yankan ko ciyawa (ba coniferous), perlite, yalwataccen yumbu, hydrogel, ya zama dole don kwance ƙasa.
Mun cika kayan taimakon farko tare da takin ma'adinai da kuma abubuwanda ake gano abubuwa. Muna siyan samfuran halitta game da kamuwa da ƙurar ƙasa da kwari. Cakudawar yakamata ya ƙunshi babban adadin (har zuwa 30%) na abubuwa masu kwance ta yadda tsarin tushen ƙazantattun tsire-tsire ba zai iya juriya ba lokacin girma cikin ƙasa.
Shirya ƙasa ƙasa cakuda na seedlings
A cikin lokacin hunturu kyauta, muna shirya cakuda ƙasa daga abubuwan da aka shirya. Za'a iya shirya cakuda ƙasa mafi sauƙi ta duniya daga kayan abinci 3-4.
- 1 bangare na ganye (rotten ganye) ko sod ƙasar,
- 2 sassa na balagagge humus. Ba za a yi amfani da taki ba, har da rabin ƙazamar riba, don kada a ƙona tushen tushen tayi. Madadin humus, zaka iya amfani da peat wanda ba acidic (doki) ko biohumus ba,
- 1 bangare share kogin koranda, don kwance ruwan cakuda.
Haɗa cakuda sosai kuma sanya a cikin kwantena (jaka, kwalaye) don kamuwa da cuta. Rarraba cakuda ƙasa yana kawar da sako na ciyawa, kwari da ƙasa.
Abubuwan da aka tattara daga kayan haɗin ƙasa shine mafi kyawun yi a cikin fall.
Disinasa mai rarraba
Disinfection na kasar cakuda cakuda za'a iya aiwatar dashi ta hanyoyi da yawa, gami da:
- daskarewa,
- tururi
- calcining
- ƙwanƙwasawa.
A cikin yankuna na kudanci, ya fi dacewa da amfani da daskararru mai zafi ta hanyar amfani da iska ko maganin sanyi, kuma a arewacin, yana da sauƙin amfani daskarewa. Yana da kyau don rusa ƙasa tare da miya. Zai fi kyau amfani da samfuran halitta, potassium na dindindin, ba cutarwa ga mutane da dabbobi.
Daskarewa
Tare da farkon sanyi, ana ɗaukar akwati tare da cakuda a kan titi a kan alfarwa don kada dusar ƙanƙara ta faɗo. A cikin iska, cakuda shine kwanaki 3-5. Tare da tsananin sanyi -15 ... 25 ºС, yawancin kwari da tsaba na wasu tsire-tsire suna mutuwa. Bayan daskarewa, an kawo akwati a cikin ɗaki mai ɗora tare da zafin jiki na + 18 ... + 22-25 ºС. Tsabtattun tsirrai da kwari fara rayuwa mai aiki. Bayan kwanaki 10, damar tare da cakuda ƙasa an sake fallasa su daskarewa. Ana maimaita hanyar sau 2-4. A wannan lokacin, mafi yawan ciyayi da kwari suna mutuwa.
Steaming
Wata daya kafin shuka iri, ana cakuda cakuda ƙasa a cikin ruwan wanka, wanda za'a iya yi ta hanyoyi da yawa.
- A cikin kananan sassan an cakuda cakuda cikin murɗa colander da aka rufe da tagar ko wasu masana'anta da aka sassaka. Muna rufe colander tare da murfi kuma mu riƙe shi a kan akwati (guga ko kwanon rufi) tare da karamin adadin ruwan zãfi. Tsawon lokacin hurawa ya dogara da girman colander daga 10-15 zuwa 30-45 minti.
- zubo ruwa a gindin kwandon, shigar da babban wurin. Sanya ruwan cakuda a cikin tsohuwar jakar da aka yiwa mara nauyi a tsaye. Steam daga ruwan zãfi na kimanin 1-2 hours steams cakuda.
Watsa ƙasa steamed m ƙasa a cikin wani bakin ciki a kan takarda ko zane da bushe a cikin iska har sai da balagagge. Cakuda takan bushe ƙasa yadda yakamata, idan aka matse sannan aka buɗe, buɗe dabbobin cikin sauƙi cikin ƙananan friable barbashi, ƙanƙara kaɗan don taɓawa.
Calcination
Danshi ƙasa kuma yayyafa tare da yanki na 5-6 cm akan trays. Muna ɗumi a cikin tanda, mai zafi zuwa + 40 ... +60 ºС na minti 30-40. To sannu.
Kama
Zuba ruwan cakuda da aka shirya a cikin akwati. Mun shirya wani bayani na potassium permanganate a cikin kudi of 3 g na miyagun ƙwayoyi da guga na ruwa. Zuba bayani na cakuda potassium na cakuda hade sosai. Mun sa fita don bushewa.
Bayan kowane nau'in disinfection, ana bushe cakuda ƙasa tare da antifungal biofungicides (trichodermin, phytosporin, gamair) da bioinsecticides (boverin, fitoverm, actofit). Don dawo da microflora mai amfani, muna amfani da bushe bushe "Emochka-Bokashi" ko kuma maganin aiki "Baikal EM-1". Bayan da amfani da su, dan kadan moisten kasar cakuda. A cikin yanayin dumi, gumi, microorganisms masu amfani suna ninka sosai, suna lalata ragowar ƙwayoyin cuta na pathogenic microflora.
Shiri na kwantena don shuka iri
A cikin shekaru goma na 3 na Janairu, muna shirya kwantena don shuka iri. Don shuka, zaku iya siyan 50 g na filastik ko kofuna waɗanda filastik, ƙwayoyin peat guna. Kuna iya ajiye kuɗi kuma kuyi kofuna da kanka daga takarda mai kauri ba tare da tushe ba (an shimfiɗa su a cikin ƙananan akwatuna, ƙasan wanda aka rufe da fim), yi humus-earthen ko peat-humus cubes tare da sashin giciye na 5-6 zuwa 7-10 cm.
Kafa briquettes na ƙasa Mix na seedlings.
Takin mai magani ya shirya hadadden ƙasa.
An gauraya shi da hade da yadudduka na ƙasa sune tushen abubuwan da ake amfani dashi don shuka iri.
Wasu lambu suna amfani da cakuda ƙasa iri ɗaya na tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire masu girma. 7-10 g na ammonium nitrate, 10-20 g na superphosphate, 5-10 g na potassium sulfate, 40-50 g lemun tsami, gilashin itace ash ana ƙara a guga na cakuda ƙasa cakuda. Sakamakon abin da ya haifar shine cikakken cakuda shi da karyewar damar shuka 2/3.
Tebur 1 yana nuna abubuwan da aka haɗa don wasu kayan lambu na kayan lambu dangane da gaurayawar ƙasa kuma bisa ga girke-girke na musamman. Ya kamata a lura cewa ba a buƙatar girke-girke na girke-girke ba. Kowane mai lambu zai iya amfani da girke-girke da aka bayar da kuma hanyoyin da ya kafa.
Tebur 1: Zaɓuɓɓen Substrate na Kayan lambu
| Al’adu | Kasa abun da ke ciki | Additives (a kowace ƙasa guga) | Lokacin girbi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dankali | 1. Cakuda ɗaya (a cikin sassa): 1 ganye ko sod ƙasa, humus 2 girma, yashi 1, yadd 1 ko perlite | 1 kofin ash, 15 g da urea, superphosphate da potassium sulfate | Farkon Afrilu - tsakiyar watan Mayu. |
| 2. Soddy ƙasa (1 part), takin ko humus (1 part). | 8-10 g na ammonium nitrate, 10-15 of g superphosphate, 10 g na potassium sulfate, 10 g na dolomite gari | ||
| Eggplant, tumatir, barkono mai dadi | 1. Cakuda ɗaya (a cikin sassa): 1 ganye ko sod ƙasa, humus 2 girma, yashi 1, yadd 1 ko perlite | Ash (kofuna waɗanda 0.5), 20-25 g na superphosphate, 10-15 of g urea ko potassium sulfate | Tsakanin Maris - eggplant da barkono, ƙarshen Maris - farkon Afrilu - tumatir. |
| Eggplant, tumatir, barkono mai dadi | 2. Kasar gona (2 sassa) humus (2 sassa), peat (1 part), romon ruɓaɓɓen (sassan 0.5). | 8-10 g na ammonium nitrate, 80 g na superphosphate, 20-30 g na potassium sulfate | |
| Tumatir | 3. Humus (1 part), peat (1 part), turf ƙasar (1 part), romon ruɓaɓɓen (1 part). | 1.5 kofuna na ash, 20-25 g na urea, 60 g na superphosphate, 20 g na potassium sulfate | |
| Kabeji | 1. Cakuda ɗaya (a cikin sassa): 1 ganye ko sod ƙasa, humus 2 girma, yashi 1, yadd 1 ko perlite | 15-20 g na ammonium nitrate ko urea, 20-25 g na superphosphate, 10 g na potassium sulfate, 25 g na dolomite gari ko lemun tsami | Fabrairu - farkon kabeji, tsakiyar Maris - matsakaici. |
| 2. Sod ƙasar (sassa 20), ash (5 sassa), lemun tsami (1 part), yashi (1 part). | Babu ƙari |
Amfani da ƙasa da aka saya da kuma hanyoyin inganta shi
Shiryar da kai na cakuda ƙasa mai tushe don girma ga seedlings ba aiki mai wuya ba ne, amma yakan ɗauki wani lokaci. Saboda haka, wasu yan lambu, mafi sau da yawa sabon shiga, sayi shirye-hade ƙasa. Koyaya, siyan ƙasa da aka shirya, ba za ku iya tabbata cewa wannan samfurin ne mai inganci ba. Ana iya acidified, tare da babban abun ciki na peat mai low, ba a goge shi ba, wanda ke nufin cewa lallai ne ya ƙunshi microflora fungal, da sauransu.
- bincika shi don acidity, har ma tare da alamomi masu kyau, ƙara 2-3 tablespoons na dolomite gari ko wasu lemun tsami,
- yi tsarin hana daukar ciki ta ɗayan biyun da ke sama,
- idan cakuda ƙasa ta ƙunshi adadin peat mai yawa, idan ya cancanta, ƙara ƙasa gona (kusan 30-40% na yawan da aka sayi),
- saboda ƙasa ta cakuda bayan ƙara ƙasa gona, sauran abubuwan da aka gyara sun isasshe danshi, ƙara da kaɗan hydrogel. A cikin yanayin gumi, yana ƙaruwa da girma sau 200-300, kar a wuce shi.
Ga kowane guga na irin wannan ingantaccen cakuda ƙasa ƙara 20-30 g na cikakken ma'adinin ma'adinai (nitroammophoski, azofoski). Tuna! Hanyar inganta haɓakar ƙasar da aka saya zai biya tare da kyawawan tsire-tsire. Idan kun dogara da amincin masu kera, zaku iya zama ba tare da shuki ba.
