Dangane da almara na Indiyawan Amurka, ɗayan kabilun allolin Aboriginal sun ba da ɗan ƙaramin tsiro na wata shuka da ba a san ta ba. Ya kokawa kan hanyarsa zuwa rana ta tsakiyar ciyawar ciyawa masu tsayi. Thean saurayi mai taurin kai ya sami matsayinsa a cikin rana ya yi fure, ya yi wanka cikin haskenta mai zafi, ya juya ya zama daji mai ban sha'awa. Ya girma da sauri cewa ƙasa ta rufe fasa, ta hanyar abin da idanun tsohuwar kabilar bude m farin oblong tubers. A cikin girmamawa ga 'yar shugaban shugabansu, kyakkyawar fata mai launin fata, Maniyyai mai suna shuka tsiron al'aurar Cassava wanda gumakan suka ba da. Ganyayyun ƙwayoyin ƙwayar cuta ta kasance mai ɗorewa kuma mai daɗi sosai. Wani daji mai ban mamaki ya bazu cikin sauri tsakanin kabilu, kuma kowannensu ya ba shi sunan kansa. Saboda haka, rogo (rogo) yana da sunaye da yawa - cassava, singkong, mann sampalang, yubi kayu da sauransu. Kuma a yau, daji mai ban mamaki tare da kyawawan kyawawan tubers (kamar manna daga sama), wanda baya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, yana ciyar da mutane sama da miliyan 500 a cikin ƙasa. Cassava a hankali ya zama abincin makomar!
Tushen amfanin gona na Manioc edible, casa (Manihot esculenta). IITATsabtatawa da kuma rarraba yanki
Saasar mahaifin cassa ita ce yankuna na wurare masu zafi na Amurka, amma galibin wannan al'adun sun girma ne a cikin yanayin Afirka na wurare masu zafi. Don abun ciki na ruwan 'ya'yan itace Milky a gabobin shuka, ana sanya rogo ga dangin euphorbiae, inda aka kasafta shi da wani nau'in halittar "Cassava" daban da ke dauke da nau'ikan sama da 100.
Babban dacewa da yanayin yanayi ya ba da gudummawa ga yaduwar dangi a cikin hamada mai zafi, dajin ruwan sama, a kudu da kuma tsakiyar yankin Rasha da CIS. Don cikakken eninganyen tushen tumatir suna buƙatar matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara na akalla +20 - + 25 ° C. Sabili da haka, a cikin ƙasa mai bude, ana ciyar da shi kyauta ne kawai a cikin tsaunin teku. A cikin yankuna na kudanci na Tarayyar Rasha, ana iya noma al'adun a cikin ƙasa mai kariya kuma a girma a matsayin fure mai fure. Mafi shahara da na kowa ne na wurare masu zafi m Manioc edible (Manihot esculenta).
Bayanin Cassava
Ana wakiltar dangin casa a fannin girma na halitta ta ganyayyaki na shuki, bishiyoyi, kuma galibi galibi ta wakilai bishiya.
Cassava wani tsiro ne mai tsiro mai sauri a cikin sauri tare da kyakkyawan kambi na kayan ado, yawanci ya wuce mita 3 a tsayi. Tsarin tsakiya na kwance a kan lokaci. Branyallen ƙasa yana da rauni, amma nodes waɗanda ke ɗaukar manyan duhu kore tsawon-leaved ganye suna bayyane a bayyane a cikin tushe. Ganyen ganye yana da zurfin dabino-3-7 lobar. Na gaba tsari na ganye na taimaka wa sako-sako da yadin da aka saka na ado da kambi.
Bushes wanda aka girbe na cassava da asalinsu. Cru Jose CruzFuranni masu launin farar fata ne masu launin fari-fari da launi, an tattara su a goge apical akan falo mai tsayi. A kan kowane goga a cikin ɓangaren babba akwai furanni maza, kuma a cikin ƙananan - mace. A cikin rayuwar cassava, kuma musamman a cikin haifuwa, furanni basu da mahimmanci na musamman, amma haɓakar su tana ƙayyade shiri na tubers don girbi.
Mafi ban sha'awa shine sashin ƙasa na nau'ikan rogo. Cassava mai yuwu ne, ko Cassava (Manihot esculenta) kyakkyawa kamar amfanin abinci. Tushen tushen ana wakiltar shi da tsattsurar ƙaho mai tsayi har zuwa tsayi 1 m da cm cm a diamita. Sakamakon ƙwanƙwasawar ƙaramin sakandare, tushen 3-8 tuberoid mai kumburi (tubers) ana kafa shi a tushe na tushe, yana kaiwa 0.5-1.0 m tsayi, har zuwa 20 cm kuma yin awo daga 5 zuwa 25 kg. Tsarin tarin fatar yana da wadatar abinci a cikin sitaci (20-40% cikin nauyi). Ganyen wiwi ne wanda aka yi amfani dashi a matsayin abinci, amma bayan an gama sarrafa shi: bushewa, tafasa ko wanka a ruwa. Tubersa'idodin raw suna da guba saboda abubuwan acid na prussic.
Menene cassava mai ban sha'awa?
Kasuwar yau tana wakiltar manyan kayan kayan lambu. Ana siyar da “sanduna” mai ban sha'awa da sunan ɓawon rogo wanda za'a iya ci ana sayarwa a kasuwa da kuma shagunan. Kuma mazauna rani sun fara girma ba tumatir, barkono, dankali, amma suna sha'awar abinci da baƙon abu. Hakanan Cassava yana cikin irin waɗannan kayan lambu da ba a sani ba a gare mu. Zai iya zama ba kawai amfanin gona na cikin gida ba, mai shuka na cikin gida, amma har ma tushen kasuwancin da aka bunkasa shi a ƙasa mai kariya. Da zarar ya ɗanɗani jita-jita daga Cassava, mai siye zai faɗi cikin ƙauna tare da abinci mai zafi na wurare masu zafi. Kafin yanke shawara a wane tsari kuma ko cassiya za ta girma a gidanka, za mu san kanmu game da kayan aikin, kayyakin magani da amfani a dafa abinci da dafa abinci na gida.
Tushen Tushen Cassava. © Arthur ChapmanM abun ciki
Tushen cassava mai kama da babban dankalin turawa, amma ya ƙunshi adadin dumamar linamarine ko glucoside hydrocyanic acid. Wannan abu ne mai guba mai adalci kuma sabili da haka ba za a iya cinye shi da tsari mai kyau ba. Ciyar da ake amfani da ita shine ɗayan abubuwa masu amfani waɗanda ke ƙunshe da manyan ma'adanai waɗanda ke tabbatar da cikakken lafiya da ci gaban ciki na yara - potassium, magnesium, iron, selenium, zinc da alli. Cassava yana da wadataccen abinci a cikin bitamin B, haka kuma A, C, D, E, K da sauran kayan masarufi masu amfani. Al'adar tana da wadataccen abinci a cikin carbohydrates (ya ƙunshi kusan sittin%).
Kayan warkarwa na rogo
Bayan an kula da zafin rana, tushen noman Cassava bashi da matsala a ci kuma yawan amfanin gonar da ake amfani dasu sune ke amfani da su:
- a matsayin wata hanyar kara garkuwar jiki da makamashi,
- azaman anti-mai kumburi magani don maganin gout, bursitis, amosanin gabbai,
- don daidaita yanayin glucose na jini,
- kamar yadda sinadarin antioxidant wanda yake sauqaqa jikin jikin masu kyauta,
- a matsayin magani na mutane, yana hana tsarin tsufa na jikin mutum.
Casasar cassava - kyawawan abubuwan gado da laxative.
Shuka na Cassava. © Slav4Abincin Cassava
Fiye da mutane miliyan 500 a Latin Amurka, Afirka, Asiya, Indonesia suna amfani da rogo a matsayin babban abinci. Ana amfani da mahimman kayan abinci na tsibiran a matsayin samfurin abinci a wasu yankuna na duniya, inda aka kawo shi azaman samfurin da aka gama.
Tushen magani
'Ya'yan itace ne ke daɗaɗɗa daga saman kwasfa zuwa ƙashin, wanda aka murƙushe shi kuma an tafasa shi ko kuma a cikin sa'o'i da yawa a ruwan sanyi. An ɗora samfurin da ke ƙarewa a kan zuriyar dabbobi da ke bakin ciki kuma an bushe shi tsawon awanni 5-6 har sai ya bushe gabaɗaya. Da wannan shiri, cyanide ya kusan lalacewa kuma yayin shirye-shiryen girke-girke ya zama cikakken hadari don cin abinci.
Amfani da abinci mai dacewa
A sakamakon bushe taro na Semi-ƙãre samfurin ne ƙasa zuwa jihar gari ko hatsi (kamar sago), halin da babban abun ciki na sitaci.
- Abun da aka haifar shine kayan albarkatun ƙasa don keɓaɓɓiyar burodi, kayan yaji, hatsi daban-daban da sauran kayan abinci da kayayyakin abinci na abinci.
- A cikin masu matsalar rashin lafiyan hatsi, gari na cassava na iya maye gurbin alkama na gurasar gari.
- Bayan magance zafi, ana amfani da rogo azaman dafaffen abinci don kifi da nama, an shirya miya da broths.
- Suna yin kwakwalwan kwamfuta, jellies, Sweets da sauran kayan marmari na abinci mai ban sha'awa: sanannen kwallayen Thai, "lu'ulu'u baƙi", cocktails, teas, compotes, da sauransu.
Cassava fasahar namo
Cassava al'ada ce ta ƙyalli mai zafi kuma tana buƙatar wasu yanayi don ci gabanta - yawan zafin jiki na aƙalla +25 - +30 ° of, rashin dogon lokacin bushewa, da yawan ranaku. Waɗannan halayen sun dace da yanayin yankin kudu na Russianasar Rasha ko ana iya ƙirƙirar shi cikin sarari: wuraren shinge, katako, lambunan hunturu har ma a cikin gidaje don amfanin dangi.
Furannin Cassava. © Ton RulkensCassava ƙasa bukatun
Don haɓaka roƙon, ana buƙatar haske, mai numfasawa, tsaka tsaki na ƙasa (zai fi dacewa yashin loam) tare da abun ciki na humus high. Za a iya amfani da loam. Kasar gona ya kamata ta kasance sako-sako, tsire-tsire ba sa yin haƙuri da ƙasa mai nauyi. Kyakkyawan magudanar ruwa wajibi ne, tunda al'adar bata jure tsawan ruwa ba, kodayake tana buƙatar shayarwa.
Ana shirya kayan dasawa
Cassava ana yada shi ne kawai a cikin ganye kuma yana amfani da kayan dasawa a cikin nau'in tsiron da aka girbe daga tsakiyar ɓangaren ingantaccen mai tushe wanda ya kai watanni 6-12. Ana adana 15-20 cm na yankan na tsawon watanni 2-3 a wuri mai sanyi ko kuma nan da nan aka dasa shi a cikin ƙasa. Matsayin riƙewar yayin dasawa ba ya taka rawa (a tsaye, karkata, kwance). Babban abin da ake buƙata: aƙalla rabin rabin itacen dole ne su kasance a cikin ƙasa. Lokacin da aka dasa shi sararin samaniya, an rufe ciyawar kwance da ƙasa na cm cm 8. In ba haka ba, kayan dasa sun bushe. Tare da isasshen danshi, da ciyawa da sauri Forms tushen tushen tubers da harbe.
Nau'in Cassava ya bambanta. MokkieDasa tsiro
Ba shi da wahala a shuka rogo, amma kuna buƙatar zaɓar iri-iri (zai fi dacewa a farkon ripening) da lokacin shuka. Daga kaka, humus na 20-30 kg / 10 sq M ana amfani da shi ga ƙ asa ƙasa. m Kafin shuka, an haƙa ƙasa zuwa zurfin 15-20 cm kuma an gabatar da nitroammophoska a cikin 50-70 g / sq. m Deep tillage ba shi da tasiri. An kafa tubers mai tsayi, wanda yasa wuya a girbi.
A cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa da kariya, ana iya shuka rogo akan dogayen layuka 40 da faɗin 40-60 cm a cikin layi 1, wanda ke ƙirƙirar ƙasa mai mahimmanci kuma yana sauƙaƙa kulawa da tsirrai.
Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin hanya mai fadi-jere, ana sanya peran a cikin layuka 2 a cikin furrows ko ridges. Yawan dasawa ya dogara da iri-iri da kuma nishi iri-iri kuma matsakaita shine tsakanin cutarwa a jere 60-90 cm, kuma tsakanin layuka 80-120 cm.
Kulawar Cassava
Idan kasar gona tana da inganci sosai, to takin zamani na amfanin gona baya buƙatar amfani dashi, musamman tare da girbin tubers na shekara-shekara. A lokacin girma, zaku iya ciyar da al'adun tare da takin mai magani na nitrogen-potassium don weeding na yau da kullun 2 da watanni 4 bayan dasa. Idan an cire amfanin gona kassa a hankali na tsawon shekaru 2-3, ana fara kayan miya a shekara ta biyu na namo.
A lokacin girma, ana yin tsauni na tsiwirrai 1-2 a kan filayen rogo, ana sa ido ga matakin soilasa game da da'irar gangar jikin inda ciyawar take. Harkar bada shawarar bayan kowace ruwa. Soilasa har sai an rufe layuka a tsabtace daga ciyawa. tsari mai amfani.
Tsawon lokacin girma a farkon nau'in shuki shine 6-8, kuma a ƙarshen watanni 12-16. Lokacin da lokacin sanyi ya fara, haɓakar cassava zazzage kuma ta sake farawa tare da farkon yanayin zafin iska da ƙasa. Tushen Tushen ba su mutu.
Ganyen Cassava. IITAGirbi
Shiryawa don girbi rogo an ƙaddara ta yellowing da faɗuwar ganye, kazalika da ta ripening na tsaba. Lokacin rami shine makonni 3-4. Idan ka tattara matasa marasa yawa unripe tubers, sakamakon Semi-ƙare samfurin zai zama tauri da talauci narkewa.
Da farko, yanke mai tushe na tsirrai, barin 30-40 cm of hemp. Daga cikin waɗannan, ana yanyan dabbobin nan da nan kuma an shuka su akan ƙasa da aka shirya cikin kwanaki 2-3. A layi daya, bayan yankan mai tushe, an ɓoye filayen ƙasa mai cirewa gaba ɗaya. Idan aka bar bushes don shekara mai zuwa, to, an tono digiri biyu 2-3 a yanka kuma a yanka, a bar sauran don ƙarin haɓaka.
Yi alamar ɗakunan ajiya na cassava don ajiya
Bayan digging, an adana albarkatun gona na kwanaki 2-3 kawai kuma ya zama ba a iya amfani da shi. Sabili da haka, ana cire tsintsin kashin nan da nan bayan an gama girbi na ɓawon burodi, a yanka a kananan ƙananan kuma a bushe a rana a buɗe na tsawon kwanaki 3-6. Irin wannan samfurin wanda aka gama ƙarewa ana adana shi tsawon lokaci. Don samun samfurin abinci (gari, hatsi), ana dafa filayen na tsawon kwanaki 3-4 a ruwa, an tsabtace su da ƙasan, an bushe da bushe zuwa danshi mai 8-10% ta nauyi. Abubuwan bushe sun bushe zuwa ƙasa da ake so (gari, hatsi) kuma an yi amfani da shi don ma'anar da aka yi niyya.
