Batun sake shimfida wani gida yana da sauki a cikin kansa. Tsire-tsire na cikin gida waɗanda ke kan siyarwa - sama da nau'ikan 1000. An buga littattafai da yawa, labarai a cikin mujallu, umarnin, da dai sauransu akan wannan batun .. Amma kusan dukkanin su sunyi la'akari da neman tsire-tsire na cikin gida a cikin hasken halitta, koda kuwa a cikin inuwa m.
Me yasa tsire-tsire suke buƙatar haske mai kyau?
Da tsire-tsire ana buƙatar haske don photosynthesis, bayan da abubuwa na musamman suka bayyana waɗanda suke a gare su kuzari da kayan masarufi. Da farko dai, samuwar wannan sinadari zai dogara ne da girma da ingancin karfin hasken wutar da ganyayyaki suka sha. Amma chlorophyll, wanda kai tsaye ya canza kwararar haske zuwa hadaddun kwayoyin halitta, ya ayyana maxima a cikin jigilar launuka masu launin shuɗi da ja. A lokaci guda, yana ɗaukar bakan da launin rawaya da ruwan lemo maimakon rauni kuma baya ɗaukar iskar wuta da haskoki kore.
Baya ga chlorophyll, alamu irin su carotenoids suma suna shiga cikin ɗaukar haske. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ba a gan su a cikin ganyayyaki saboda kasancewar chlorophyll, amma a cikin kaka, lokacin da ta lalace, carotenoids suna ba da ganye da ruwan lemo da launin rawaya. A kan aiwatar da hoto, ba su da ƙarami, tunda suna ɗaukar hasken rana a cikin shuɗi da fitila, waɗannan launuka nasara a kan hadari kwana.
Menene abin da ake bukata a cikin fure?
Bukatar tsire-tsire don hasken wuta ya dogara da yawan zafin jiki a cikin dakin, daɗa ɗakin, mafi hasken da shuka yake buƙata. Sabili da haka, tsire-tsire a cikin hunturu sune mafi muni a cikin ɗakuna masu tsananin rauni da marasa haske mara kyau.
Yanayin Haske. Tsawon lokacin hasken rana yana da muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar kowane tsirrai. Don launuka masu daidaituwa, waɗanda ake amfani da su kusan hasken haske na yau da kullun a 12 agogo, wurin da muke jujjuyawar yanayin ba zai zama mai daɗi ba, lokacin da mafi ƙarancin hasken rana ya kasance har zuwa 7 hours kuma matsakaicin ya fi 15 hours.
Haskakawa da walƙiyar wucin gadi na tsire-tsire
Da farko mun tantance yaushe Ana buƙatar karin haske daga shuka:
- A lokacin kiyaye shuka a cikin hunturu da damina a yanayin zafi sama da 22 ° C a yankuna tare da ɗan kankanin lokacin hasken rana.
- A lokacin kiyaye shuka, sills taga tare da hasken rana kai tsaye ƙasa da sa'o'i 3.5.
- A lokacin kula da tsirrai na shuka a cikin hunturu da damina a yankuna inda yanayin girgije yake gudana.
A wasu halayen, shigar da ba da haske ba kawai ba shi da gaskiya kuma, har zuwa wani abu, zai zama kuɗin kuɗi da ƙoƙari.
A lokacin bayyanar shuka, ya zama dole la'akari da irin waɗannan abubuwan:
Don mafi kyawun girma seedlings na iya tsara haske a kusa da agogo. Lokacin da kuka girma furanni na cikin gida daga tsaba, to, nan da nan bayan germination, matasa harbe suna son haske mai haske a kusa da agogo. A hankali, ana rage awoyi na hasken rana, da farko zuwa 15, sannan zuwa awoyi 11-12.- An gwada ta hanyar gwaji cewa don ƙaramin aiki na hoto na ɗakin fure, ɗakin hasken 120 lux ya isa, amma don mafi kyawun ɗumi, carbon dioxide, da sauran ma'adanai, ana buƙatar matakin akalla 1500 lux.
- Hasken rana bai buƙaci sama da awanni 15 ba don furanni masu fure. Hourswancin hasken rana mai tsayi ya ɓata kasancewar duk kodan kuma, gabaɗaya, zai lalata inji. Tun daga haihuwa, dukkan furanni 'ana shirya su' na takamaiman lokacin hasken rana. Shahararren kuskuren shine cewa mafi tsawon hasken yana faɗuwa akan tsire-tsire, mafi kyau. Amma a zahiri wannan ba gaskiya bane - hana tsire-tsire na “daren” yayi kama da shan barci daga wurin mu. Yana da cikakken yarda ba tsayar da kullum sake zagayowar, ba da sanin peculiarities na shuka photosynthesis tare da m haske.
- Don ƙirƙirar buds da tsire-tsire na fure suna buƙatar ɗakin dumi da haske mai kyau na awanni 12-13. An tabbatar da cewa alkalami sun bayyana da kyau bayan ɗan gajeren hutu na shuka yayin yanayin girgije a yanayin zafi da ƙarancin haske. Hanyoyin sunadarai waɗanda ke haifar da fure ya faru da dare. Don kammala shiri don furen fure, ƙaramin lokacin duhu yakamata a kiyaye shi har tsawon awanni 9.
- Zaɓin haske a cikin hunturu zai dogara da halayen zafin jiki na shuka. Heat-ƙauna furanni hunturu tare da ɗan rage zafin jiki da haske. Lokacin da zafin jiki a cikin hunturu kasa da 10C akan sill taga sill, ba a buƙatar ƙarin haske.
- Tsire-tsire suna da irin wannan dukiya kamar hoto - wannan lamari ne da aka nuna ga yanayin bayyanar haske. Lantarki na wucin gadi dole ne ya faɗo kan furanni daidai kamar na halitta, wato daga sama, a wannan yanayin launuka bazai buƙatar ɓata da makamashi don jujjuya ganye don samun matsakaicin haske.
Don mafi kyawun girma seedlings na iya tsara haske a kusa da agogo. Lokacin da kuka girma furanni na cikin gida daga tsaba, to, nan da nan bayan germination, matasa harbe suna son haske mai haske a kusa da agogo. A hankali, ana rage awoyi na hasken rana, da farko zuwa 15, sannan zuwa awoyi 11-12.Haske na wucin gadi na tsire-tsire na cikin gida
An haramta amfani da shi classic incandescent kwararan fitila kadai: babu violet da launi mai shuɗi a zangonsu, kuma yanayin hana ruwa wutar lantarki yana haifar da zana furanni, tsananin ƙarfinsu, bushewar ganye da rashin amfani da wutar lantarki.
Irin waɗannan kwararan fitila na musamman da aka yi tallata su a yau a cikin flas ɗin neodymium ba su nuna babban ci gaba ba. Waɗannan sun haɗa da fitilun Paulmann Phyto, fitilu na OSRAM, da dai sauransu duk da yawan hasken su saboda hasken walƙiya da wani ɗan kusurwa na haske, halayen su na zahiri ba sa bambanta da fitilun wutar lantarki na yau da kullun.
Ana iya samun sakamako mafi kyawun tasiri yayin amfani da kwararan fitila halogen. Amma, duk da mafi ingancin abun da ya kunshi bakan da ƙara ƙarfin fitarwa, wannan nau'in fitilar ba shi da kyau, tunda zaren yana haifar da babban sakin makamashi.
Don kula da bayyanar furanni masu kyan gani na fure da girma seedlings, zaku iya amfani da murhun baya farin mai kyalli, suna haifar da haske mai sanyi (bakancinsu yana kusa da yadda yake a cikin zangon hasken rana). Tunda waɗannan fitilun ba su da ƙarfi sosai, ana shigar dasu lokaci guda a cikin ɓangarori da yawa a cikin masu haskakawa na musamman waɗanda ke haɓaka kwararar haske kuma ba sa barin hasken mai shiga ya shiga dakin.
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, gazawarsu suna tafasa zuwa karuwar kwararar hasken wuta (don isasshen haske, ana buƙatar fitilun da yawa) kuma ga ingancin hasken wutar. Fitilar Fluorescent suna da shuɗi mai yawa a cikin rawar gani, saboda suna buƙatar shigar dasu kawai tare da sauran.
Dalilin fitilun fitila shine hasken shelves tare da furanni, haskewar tsirrai akan taga. Kusan da wuya a yi fure cikakke waɗanda ke matukar bukatar haske a ƙarƙashin kwararan fitila.
Phyto-mai kyalli fitilu a cikin nau'ikan shambura suna haƙiƙa kan aiwatar da hotosynthesis, tattalin arziƙi, ƙirƙirar haske mai tsayi akan farfaɗa da ɗanɗaɗa zafi yayin aiki, wannan ya sa ya yiwu a shigar da su kusa da launuka. Amma hasken su na launin shuda baya da dabi'a ga mutane, yana fusatar da mucous membranes kuma yana canza mahimmancin gani na launuka na ado.
Phyto-fitilu tare da kololuwa na haske da yawa a cikin shuɗi da jan bakan an yi su ne musamman don furanni, su ma cikakke ne ga samarin harbe da noman iri. Kuna iya zaɓar phytolamps tare da ƙarin hasken halitta, amma ingancin waɗannan fitilun suna da ɗan ƙanƙan da yawa saboda radiation a cikin bakan da ba a amfani da su ba daga tsirrai - kore, wanda, a lokaci guda, ana iya rama shi ta hanyar ƙarin fitilu masu ƙarfi.
Sodium karfe-halogen da fitilun mercury - Waɗannan su ne abin da ake kira fitattun fitilu fitilu. Babban manufarsu shine ƙirƙirar kwararar wutar mai ƙarfi. Don haka, sun fi dacewa da hasken wutar lantarki, da ɗakunan ajiya, da manyan fure guda ɗaya, tsirrai waɗanda ke da matukar buƙatar haske. Suna magana tare da taka tsantsan game da yiwuwar shigar da waɗannan fitilun a cikin gidaje - irin waɗannan fitilu suna da tsada sosai, suna amfani da wutar lantarki mai yawa kuma suna ɗaukar zafi, da yawa suna aiki a cikin tsinkaye na ultraviolet, wanda ke da haɗari ga gani.
A yau, hasken photodiode na ingantaccen haske kuma ana tallata su sosai. Tare da duk fa'idodin, waɗannan fitilu suna da gagarumin rashi (idan ba ku ƙidaya farashi ba) - ƙaramin iko.
Zaɓuɓɓukan girke-girke da fitila sama da furanni na cikin gida
Mafi kyawun wurin fitilun an cimma shi tare da yanayin cewa hasken zai faɗi akan furanni daga sama.
Sosai babban fitilu domin haskaka mafi yawan adadin tsirrai, a sakamakon haka, babu abin da aka haskaka, tunda hasken yana raguwa gwargwado zuwa nisan nesa, alal misali, ta hanyar kafa tsinkayar haske daga 25 cm zuwa mita, hasken zai yi ƙasa da sau 30. Matsakaicin tsayi don launuka masu ƙauna na haske shine matsayin fitilar (luminescent) na kusan 17-22 cm.
Zaɓin mafi yawan tattalin arziƙi shine sanya shugabanci na hasken kwararar mai ƙashi zuwa shuka, shine, sanya fitila kai tsaye sama da furanni, sannan kuma sanya tushen hasken tare da mai haskakawa. Zaku iya siyan masu kwalliyar da aka shirya a shagunan akwatin kifaye. Amfani da mai tunani, zaku iya cire tunanin rashin jin daɗin idan hasken ya faɗi a idanunku, amma mafi mahimmanci shine jagorantar babban ɓangaren maɓallin hasken, wanda yawancin lokaci yakan ɓata, kusan ba tare da asara ba. Phyto-lamp suna da cikakken haskoki, waɗanda launuka kawai ke buƙata, sabili da haka ƙirƙirar haske wanda zai fusata hangen nesan mutum. Saboda wannan ne fitilolin phyto musamman masu buƙatar masu tunani.
Yana da kyau a rataye kwan fitila a sama da furanni: lokacin da ya haskaka daga gefen, tsire-tsire suna girma, suna kaiwa ga tushen hasken. Idan furanni suna ba da haske ta hanyar wutan lantarki kawai, to, fitilun suna buƙatar aiki akalla awanni 12 a kullum. Idan ana amfani da hasken wucin gadi azaman ƙarin haske, alal misali, a cikin hunturu, to awowi 4-6 sun isa.
Matsakaicin shigarwa na fitilun an daidaita shi sosai saboda idan an gano ƙone wuta a launuka, zaku iya canza tsawo na fitilun. Babban mai tushe da launi masu launin toka suna nuna cewa asalin hasken yana kasancewa mai tsayi sosai. Mafi ƙarancin nisa na fure zuwa gwal mai lalacewa shine 35 cm, zuwa luminescent 7 cm, zuwa sodium - rabin mita.
Yaya za a lissafta yawan fitilar mai kyalli?
Lissafin iko na baya kuma zabi irin nau'in kwararan fitila zai dogara ne kacokan kan buƙatar furanni na cikin gida don haske. Duk furanni gwargwadon matsayin buƙatar haskakawa na baya za a iya raba su:
- mai haƙuri-inuwa;
- ƙaunar haske mai matsakaici - tsire-tsire masu zafi;
- photophilous - tsire-tsire wanda mahaifarsa ce manyan wurare a rana.
Wutar Lantarki buƙatar zaɓar gwargwado: 1 m. sq. yankin furanni yakamata ya kasance:
- fiye da 2.5 W don daukar hoto;
- 1.5-2.5 W - ga waɗanda suke son hasken baya mai tsayi;
- 0.50-1.5 W - don inuwa-Hardy.
Dangane da matsayin haske, 1 Watt na ƙarfin fitila mai haske yana haifar da 70 Lm, kwan fitila mai sauƙin wuta sau 4 ƙasa da ƙasa. Dangane da wannan darajar, zaku iya lissafin lamba da ikon kwararan fitila don furanni. Misali, girman girman windowsill, inda tsire-tsire suke, 100m ne. sq. Don haka, za a buƙaci ƙarfin fitilar gaba mai zuwa:
- 2,5 W x 100 dm. sq. = 250W.
Wannan yankin zai buƙaci kimanin Kwararan fitila 2-3 tare da karfin 70 watts. Dole ne in faɗi cewa wannan ƙididdigar ta kusanto kuma ana ɗaukar ta jagora ne kawai a zaɓin lambar su. Yana da kyawawa don amfani da ƙaƙƙarfan fitilu masu ƙarfin iko, tun da suna da fitowar haske. A takaice dai, hasken wuta guda 34W ya fi fitila 17W girma.
Don taƙaitawa, dole ne a ce tsawon lokacin da za'a iya amfani da hasken wutan lantarki zai dogara ne kai tsaye akan halitta. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, wannan shine 'yan sa'o'i kaɗan na sutra da' yan dare. Wato, za a kunna fitilun da safe, har zuwa lokacin da kuke buƙatar yin aiki, da maraice har zuwa lokacin kafin lokacin barci.
Amma, gabaɗaya, ana buƙatar wannan lokacin ya zama kamar awa 5-7. A cikin yanayin girgije har zuwa 10 hours. Idan rana tayi rana, ya ishe sa'o'i 4. Bugu da ƙari, an tabbatar da cewa hasken baya baya nuna kyakkyawan sakamako lokacin da bai dace ba, saboda, tare da fitilu kawai "lokacin da kuka tuna", kawai za ku cutar da furanni na cikin gida, kuna rushe ƙirar su.
