Petunia - Sarauniyar fure

Petunias sune mahimmancin mazauna gadaje na fure, gadaje na fure, rabatok, kan iyakoki, filaye, baranda da windows. Suna ba da kyawawan launuka na fure-fure na launuka na duk inuwar bakan gizo daga farkon bazara zuwa sanyi; wasu lokuta furanni gaba daya sun rufe ɗan ganye da harbe-harbe.

Petunia Ballet Sarauniya2013

Petunia ko petunia, Latin - Petunia daga fr. petun - taba. Halin tsiro na herbaceous ko Semi-shrub na dangin Solanaceae, daga 10 cm zuwa 1 mita tsayi. Ana amfani da 'perennials a al'adun gargajiya azaman shekara. Ya zo daga yankuna na wurare masu zafi na Kudancin Amurka, galibi Brazil, kuma yana haɓaka ta halitta a Paraguay, Bolivia, Argentina da Uruguay. Typeaya daga cikin nau'ikan petunia, Petunia parviflora, ana samun su a Arewacin Amurka.

The mai tushe na petunia ne madaidaiciya ko creeping, densely branched. An shirya ganye a tsari na gaba ko gaban (babba), mai laushi, duka. Tsarkaka da ganyayyaki suna fitowa ne tare da hairs mai sauƙi da glandular. Furanni farar fata, launin shuɗi ne ko launin ruwan hoda, aya, tasha, ko madaidaiciya, akan gajerun kwana, mai sauƙi ko sau biyu, na yau da kullun ko kaɗan. 'Ya'yan itace akwatin ɗaukar hoto ne tare da ƙanana kaɗan.

Petunias a cikin tukwane na fure. © Ceil Hoffer

Yanayin don petunia

Haske: Petunia hoto ne mai daukar hoto da zafi. Yana girma da kyau a wuraren buɗe rana. Manya-manyan uniwararru sun kasance sunadarai fiye da ƙananan ƙananan-fure, a cikin yanayin damina mai sanyi da suka gushe.

Watse: Fari-resistant, duk da haka, tare da tsawan rashi rashin danshi na bukatar ruwa. Yana yarda da danshi na kasar gona mai ƙarfi, amma yana fama da kwararar ruwa.

Kasar: Petunia fi son loamy ko yashi loamy kasa, amma zai iya girma a kan, quite m. Yana amsawa da kyau ga gabatarwar humus ko takin a cikin ƙasa, amma ba sabon taki bane, tunda yana bayar da gudummawa ga shan kashi na tsirrai ta cututtukan fungal. Lokacin shirya ƙasa don petunia a cikin yankunan da acidic kasa (pH ƙasa da 5.5), dole ne a kara lemun tsami. Lokacin da bazara ta tono ƙasa, takan ƙara takaddun abu a ciki.

Manyan miya: Lokaci 1 a cikin makonni biyu tare da takin gargajiya da takin gargajiya a cikin bazara da bazara.

Girma petunia

Dasa tsaba petunia

Petunia yana yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba. A gida, tsirrai na petunia suna da rikitarwa ta hanyar karancin haske, don haka kuna buƙatar ɗaukar tsaba tare da wadatar don shuka. Da zaran an shuka iri, da zaran an dasa shuki. Idan yana yiwuwa a ba wa seedlings alama, to, yana yiwuwa a yi shuka a watan Fabrairu. A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, ya fi kyau a shuka a ƙarshen rabin Maris. Wata matsala da ke da alaƙa da girman ƙwayar petunia ita ce ƙasa wadda za a sa su da kuma kula da danshi na danshi. Irin waɗannan tsaba suna buƙatar sako-sako da ƙasa, haske da ƙasa mai gina jiki. A bu mai kyau zuwa hawan saman Layer game da 1 cm lokacin farin ciki domin tsaba sa a ko'ina a kan ƙasa.

'Ya'yan itacen Petunia hade da busassun yashi ana zuba su akan ruwa da aka zubar sosai ranar da shuka ƙasa. Bayan haka fesa, an rufe shi da gilashi kuma a hagu a zazzabi na 20 - 23 ° C. A rana ta 5 - 7th, ƙananan harbe zasu bayyana waɗanda ke buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. Yanzu suna buƙatar a fesa su a kullun kuma aƙalla sau biyu a rana (safe da maraice) su juya zuwa ga haske. A wannan gaba, seedlingsa seedlingsan na buƙatar babban zafi, amma wuce haddi na danshi a cikin ƙasa yana sa su mutu daga "ƙafar baƙar fata". Lokacin da seedlings na petunias suka girma kuma ganye na farko ya bayyana, za a iya cire gilashin. Idan seedlings suka fara mutuwa, suna buƙatar a yayyafa shi da busassun yashi, rage ruwa kuma da sauri zuwa kwasfa. A watan Afrilu, an canza seedlings petunia zuwa greenhouses. Saukowa a cikin wurin dindindin an sanya shi ne bayan ƙarshen lokacin sanyi. An dasa jigilar shuka sosai.

Itace iri iri na kananan kananan-flounia na faruwa kwanaki 70-75 bayan shuka, manyan nau'ikan furanni suna yin kwana 10-15 bayan haka.

Yaduwa da petunias ta yanke

Withananan launuka masu fure iri biyu lokacin da aka yaɗa ta da tsaba suna ba kawai 40-50% na tsire-tsire na terry, saboda haka sun fi yawa yaduwa ta hanyar yanka, yanke daga giya mama, wanda aka sa a cikin hunturu a cikin greenhouses mai haske a zazzabi na 10 ° C, tare da matsakaici matsakaici da iska mai ƙarfi. Bayan dasawa, ana dasa ganyen a cikin tukwane 9 cm.

Rataya kwandon tare da petunias. © Maryamu Stuart

Dasa seedlings na petunia

Petunia an dasa shi a cikin ƙasa buɗe a tsakiyar Rasha a cikin rabin na biyu na Mayu. Duk da gaskiyar cewa wannan al'ada tana da zafi sosai, nau'ikan zamani da kuma hybrids (musamman daga ƙungiyar Multiflora) na iya jure sanyaya zuwa yanayin zafi mai kyau har ma da lokacin sanyi. A cikin manyan biranen, ana iya dasa shuki na petunias a kan gadaje na fure, filayen furanni da baranda a ƙarshen Afrilu - farkon watan Mayu.

'Ya'yan dabbobin Petunia ana shuka su ne akan ranakun girgije ko da yamma, bayan an shayar da tukwane da tsire-tsire da kyau. Nisa tsakanin tsirrai ya dogara da iri da irin shuka. Don petunia mai yawan fure-fure a cikin dasa shuki, ya zama 15-20 cm, ga manyan-flowered - 20-25 cm, don babban abu - 25-30 cm.

A cikin akwatunan baranda, kwantena, vases, nisa tsakanin tsirrai na iya ragewa sau daya da rabi. Bayan dasawa, ana shayar da seedlings (idan ƙasa ba ta da ruwa), kuma ƙasa a kusa da tsire-tsire an mulched da peat ko humus. Mulching yana bawa kasar gona damar riƙe danshi daɗewa kuma yana kare tsire-tsire yayin sanyi lokacin sanyi.

Petunia seedlings ana shuka su ne a cikin tukwane da kwantena maimakon densely - kusan tsire-tsire 70 da 1 m². Surfinia da wasu rukunin kungiyoyi masu ban sha'awa (watau rataye, creeping) petunias, har da calibrachae, galibi ana horar da su a cikin kwanduna rataye, kwalliyar baranda da manyan dilasai. Don samun haɓaka mai girma da fure mai yawa a cikin waɗannan tsire-tsire, dole ne a shayar da su sau da yawa tare da ruwa (a cikin lokacin zafi, lokacin bushe - sau 2-3 a rana), ciyar da aƙalla sau ɗaya a mako, alternating saman miya tare da ba tushen (spraying ta ganye). Idan ana hana girma da fure saboda yanayin yanayi mara kyau, magani tare da haɓaka haɓaka (Epin-orari ko Zircon) yana ba da sakamako mai kyau.

Gadon filawa tare da petunias

Kulawar Petunia

Manyan manyan fulawa sun fi buƙatu na zafi, danshi da yanayin abinci fiye da ƙananan waɗanda ke da ruwa-ruwa. Manyan riguna shine babban yanayin wadataccen fure na tsawan petunias, saboda haka ana ciyar da tsire-tsire akai-akai, fara mako guda bayan dasawa har zuwa watan Agusta tare da tazara tsakanin kwanaki 7-10. An samar da cikakkiyar fure na petunias ta hanyar takaddun takaddun takaddun takamaiman, musamman tare da mahimmancin potassium. Ciyar da takin gargajiya, ciki har da jiko na mullein, da takin zamani, yana ba da sakamako mai kyau. Haɗin kai na yau da kullun yana ci gaba har sai fure ya ƙare.

Ya kamata a kula da hankali sosai ga tsire-tsire na petunia da aka dasa a cikin ƙananan kwantena: kwantena, tukwane na fure, akwatunan baranda, musamman ma a cikin kwanduna. Soilasa a gare su tana buƙatar shirya abinci mai gina jiki, wanda ya ƙunshi humus, peat, Turf ko ƙasa mai ganye da yashi. Adadin waɗannan abubuwan haɗin zai iya zama daban; Babban abu shine cakudawar sako-sako kuma a lokaci guda danshi yana da tsawa. Don inganta sigoginsa, yana da kyawawa don ƙara perlite da hydrogel zuwa cakuda. An kara lemun tsami a cikin cakuda tare da ƙara yawan acidity. Bugu da kari, sannu a hankali ana narke takaddun takaddun ma'adinai a cikin cakuda kasar gona don kananan tankuna. Lokacin cika akwatunan da kwantena tare da cakuda, magudanar ruwa (tsakuwa, yumɓu, da sauransu) dole ne a zuba a ƙasa tare da Layer na akalla 5 cm.

Babban lahani ga nau'in kayan ado na petunias shine ruwan sama. Tare da ruwa sosai lokacin rani, ruwa yana kwararar hawaye mai laushi, yin furanni masu mummuna, da tsirrai - sumbu. Tare da tsawan ruwan sama mai tsawo, tsire-tsire na iya rasa tasirin kayan ado na gaba ɗaya kuma su daina fure. Don haka, kafin ruwan sama, yakamata a koma tukunya da kwanduna da petunias a rufe. Watering da fure petunia kuma yana buƙatar zama a hankali, a ƙarƙashin tushe, yin hankali don kar a lalata furanni.

Petunias na Ampelic da calibrachae na iya shan wahala sosai daga iska, don haka ya kamata a sanya kwanduna da filayen fure a wuraren da aka kare daga iska.

A cikin nau'ikan da yawa na petunia, musamman a cikin manyan fom-flowered da terry, furannin furanni na iya lalata fitowar. Kusan ba a iya ganin su a cikin manyan taro, amma a bayyane suke a fili a cikin furannin furanni, filayen fure da kuma kananan gadaje na fure kusa da hanyoyi. Don haɓaka kayan kwalliyar tsire-tsire, ana cire irin waɗannan furanni.

Yin amfani da petunias a cikin zane na lambu

Cancanta na musamman na petunia zuwa yanayin namo iri daban-daban, kasa da sauyin yanayi, saurin fasahar aikin gona, tsawon lokaci da haske na fure yasa ya zama daya daga cikin al'adun da aka fi so ga masu girbin furanni da kuma filaye. A halin yanzu, petunia shine farkon wurare na farko a cikin shahararrun tsakanin masu ba da izini, kuma tare da haɓakar sababbin ƙungiyoyi da kuma nau'ikan halittu, sha'awar hakan tana haɓaka. Yankin namo nashi yana da girma - daga tsibiri zuwa Arctic da Alaska, ana iya samun dasa tsiro a duk nahiyoyi, in banda, watakila, Antarctica.

Fure da petunias. . Kor! An

Irin wannan sanannen na petunias ya zama sakamako kuma dalilin da yasa aka sami babban ƙoƙarin masana ilimin halittar jini, masana kimiyyar ɗabi'a da kuma masu shayarwa a duniya suna da nufin ƙirƙirar sababbin sababbin nau'ikan dabbobi, gungun maza da gungun lambu. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan rukunoni suna da kyau a hanyarsu kuma suna ɗaukar takamaiman wuri a cikin keɓancewa.

A bisa ga al'ada, fure furanni, gadaje na fure da kan iyakoki an yi su ne daga petunias, an dasa su a baranda. Godiya ga tsarin tushe mai ƙarfi, samfuran zamani suna girma sosai a cikin jiragen ruwa tare da ƙarancin girma (kwantena, tukwane na fure, kwanduna da rataye). Irin nau'ikan Terry da hybrids suna da kyau a shuka su a wuraren da aka kare daga iska da ruwan sama mai zafi: akan baranda, bude verandas, loggias, a cikin kwantena da kusa da gidan. Abubuwan haɓaka-haɓaka-sauri na amintattun petunias suna ba ku damar rufe wuraren da babu komai a cikin mahaɗan ko bayan girki da kwararan fitila.

Abokan tarayya

Duk nau'ikan petunias suna da kyau duka a nasu kuma a hade tare da wasu tsire-tsire. A cikin ciyawar tsire-tsire, ana shuka su kusa da begonias na fure-kullun, lobularia, albarkatu daban-daban na ganye: coleus, cineraria, areresin, da sauransu A kan gadajen fure, suna da kyau kusa da yawancin tsire-tsire na rani, irin su verbena, snapdragons, bracts, marigolds, marigolds, celosia, agers rudbeckia, levkoy da sauransu wadanda suka dace da launi da tsayi don wannan nau'in.

A ƙarshen bazara da farkon lokacin bazara, petunias suna da ban sha'awa kusa da pansies, primroses, har da kwararan fitila - tulips, hyacinths, hazel grouse, kuma daga baya - tare da irises da lilies. A kusa da kandami da kuma cikin inuwa mai zurfi, za su yi kyakkyawan kamfani tare da runduna, lilin rana, sana'a ta budurwa da hatsi na ado.

A cikin furannin furanni da kwantena, za a haɗu da petunias da caliberhoas tare da zlar pelargonium, fuchsia, lobularia, peticholare gelichrysum, chlorophytum, balsam, da kuma ƙwaɗa mai mai kyau. A cikin kwandunan rataye da akwatunan taga, ana iya dasa su tare da tsire-tsire masu banƙyama, irin su lobelia, ivy, zelenchuk, mucous budra, verbena, mucous pelargonium da sauransu.

Petunias. Ro Caroline Mulley

Cutar da kwari

Kafa baki

Pathogens: fungi na ƙasa daga haɓakar Olpidium, Pythium, Rhizoctonict, galibi Pythium debaryanum da Rhizoctonia solani.

Kwayar cutar: muhimmin bangare na tushe ya zama mai ruwa, duhu da rots. Shuka tayi ta mutu. The mycelium fungal na hanzari yada tare da substrate a fadada, sau da yawa har ma, da'irori, shafi sabon seedlings. Namomin kaza suna shafar shuki, farawa daga farkon kwanakin rayuwa. Cutar ba ta da kyau ba: a wasu yanayi, idan ba ku dauki matakan kariya da warkewa ba, zaku iya rasa dukkanin seedlings.

Yanayi don yaduwar cutar: matsanancin amfanin gona, ƙasa mai girma da laima mai iska, zafin jiki mai ƙarfi (sama da 20 ° C), acid ɗin ƙasa mai girma.

Adana cuta na (ikon cutar): a cikin ƙasa da tarkace na shuka.

Matakan sarrafawa: babban hankalin ya kamata a biya don rigakafin: kar a ba da albarkatun gona, kar a yi amfani da ƙarfe mai nauyi ko acidic (matakin mafi girman ƙasa na acidity na petunia shine pH 5.5-7), ruwa a matsakaici, guje wa takin mai magani na nitrogen, cire ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta mara kyau tare da wani ɓangaren keɓaɓɓen substrate. Lokacin shirya canji na shuka, ba a son yin amfani da ƙasa daga wani lambu ko daga gidan kore, amma idan babu wata ƙasa, dole ne a fitar da ita sannan kayayyakin samfuran halitta waɗanda ke ɗauke da ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙasa (Agat-25 K, Fito-sporin, Trichodermin, da sauransu). Don dalilai masu hanawa, zaku iya shayar da ƙasa tare da shirye-shiryen sulfuric (Sulfur colloidal, Cumulus, Tiovit Jet - 40 g / 10 l na ruwa).

Lokacin da "ƙafafun baƙar fata" ya bayyana, ya zama dole don fesa tsirrai da shayar da ƙasa tare da dakatar da shirye-shiryen da suka ƙunshi mancozeb, metalaxyl ko oxadixyl (Ridomil MC, Riba, Ridomil Gold MC, da dai sauransu - 20-25 g / 10 l na ruwa).

Furen fure da filayen fure tare da petunias. Anne Luanne Panerotti

Grey rot

Pathogen: naman gwari na ajizanci Bothrytis cinerea. yana shafar albarkatu masu yawa.

Kwayar cutar: Haske launin shuɗi ko rashes suna bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki, mai tushe da furanni, waɗanda a sa'annan aka rufe su da launin toka mai launin toka mai ɗora daga naman gwari. Yankunan da abin ya shafa na shuka sun fara bushewa, sannan kuma su jujjuya, jujjuya su cikin taro mai launin ruwan kasa tare da shafawa mai launin toka. Wani lokacin naman gwari fara ci gaba a cikin internodes, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar ɓangaren ƙwayar da ke sama da rauni. Idan cutar ta yi rauni, tsirrai na iya mutuwa. A naman gwari yana lalata petunia a kowane lokaci - daga cotyledon ganye zuwa zuriya ripening.

Yanayi don yaduwar cutar: matsanancin albarkatu da tsire-tsire, matsanancin zafi, ƙarancin zafin jiki (ƙasa da 14 ° C), takin mai magani na nitrogen, rashin haske. Naman gwari galibi yakan shafi naman tsirrai ta hanyar raunuka; yana da ikon shiga cikin fure ta cikin kwaro.

Adana Pathogen: a cikin ƙasa da tarkace na shuka. Naman kaza na iya yin hunturu akan fasalin katako na katako.

Matakan sarrafawa: m - matsanancin lokacin farin ciki da dasa shuki, matsanancin ruwa, ya kamata a kauce masa yanayin zafi sosai. Haɓakar cutar tana tsayawa a babban iska mai zafi (25-27 ° C) kuma tare da rage girmanta zuwa kashi 80% ko ƙasa. Wajibi ne a cire sassan abin da ya shafa na shuka da kuma sharan gona, wanda ya zama ƙarin tushen kamuwa da cuta, kazalika da haɓaka adadin phosphorus da takin potassium a saman miya.

Daga cikin magungunan da za a samu don mai son lambu, mutum zai iya ambaton samfurin Integral (25 ml / 1 l na ruwa), sinadarai Skor (2 ml / 10 l na ruwa) da Maxim (2 ml / 1 l na ruwa). Koyaya, duk waɗannan magungunan basu da tasiri tare da haɓaka mai ƙarfi na cutar.

Farar ƙasa

Pathogen: Mashin naman Marsupial Whetzelinia sclerotiorum (synonym na Sderotinia sclerotiorum).

Kwayar cutar: bayyanar hawayen launin ruwan kasa, a cikin laima yanayi, an rufe shi da farin murfin mycelium, Abubuwan da aka shafa sun yi laushi da farin ciki. Farin mycelium farar fata yana bayyana a farfajiya da cikin tushe, wanda baƙar fata sclerotia, gabobin haihuwa na naman gwari, ba da daɗewa ba. Tare da maturation na sclerotia, ana kirkirar ɗigon ruwa a kansu, haske mai ƙarfi yana ɗaukar su. Harbe daga saman da abin ya shafa ya mutu ya mutu. Naman gwari na iya lalata dukkan sassan shuka.

Yanayi don yaduwar cutar: karancin zazzabi da kuma tsananin zafi. ,Ari, acidasa na acidic, tsire-tsire masu yawa da yawa kuma cire cire sassan tsire-tsire masu lalacewa suna taimakawa wannan cutar.Tsire-tsire suna kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar lalacewar kyallen takarda, amma naman gwari na iya shiga ciki da ta cikin stomata, saboda haka yana iya yaduwa cikin lambun fure akan hannayen mutum da sutturar sa lokacin da yake kula da tsirrai.

Adana Pathogen: a cikin ƙasa kuma a kan tarkacewar shuka a cikin nau'in sclerotia, wanda ba sa rasa mai yiwuwa har zuwa shekaru uku. Ana iya kiyaye Mycelium.

Matakan sarrafawa: tono ƙasa mai zurfi da iyakan ƙasa, lura da dabarun aikin gona yadda ya kamata, cire lokaci na sassan da abin ya shafa. Ana samun sakamako mai kyau ta hanyar gabatar da Trichodermin (2 g kowace rijiya) cikin rijiyoyin lokacin dasa shuki. Lokacin da alamun farko na cutar suka bayyana, magani tare da nazarin halittu (Integral - 5 ml / 1 l na ruwa, Fitosporin-M - 4-5 g / 1 l na ruwa) ko sinadaran (Maxim - 2 ml / 1 l na ruwa) ya zama dole.

A kan samfurori masu mahimmanci musamman, a kamuwa da cuta na farko, ya wajaba a tsaftace wuraren da abin ya shafa, sannan a yayyafa su da lemun tsami ko gawayi. A bu mai kyau ga yayyafa kasar a kewayen tsire-tsire tare da ash ko gawayi da gawayi. Wadannan matakan suna hana haɓakar cutar, amma ba sa maye gurbin magani tare da samfuran sinadarai ko abubuwan ƙirar halitta.

Rigar rot

Pathogen: Rhizoctonia solani.

Kwayar cutar: a cikin lokaci na bayanan botyledonary, cutar ta bunkasa a matsayin "kafaƙar fata" (duba sama). Daga lokacin daukar hoto har zuwa karshen lokacin girma, cutar ta haifar da jujjuya tsohuwar tushe, ganyayyaki ya koma ya koma ya bushe, ya samo launin toka-kore mai launi mai haske. M haske launin ruwan kasa spots bayyana a kan tushen wuya, wanda aka rufe da launin ruwan kasa ji shafi na naman gwari mycelium. Bayan haka, karamin sclerotia baƙar fata ya bayyana akan mycelium. Rashin lafiya tsire-tsire a baya a cikin girma, juya rawaya da bushe. A naman gwari zai iya shafar shuka a kowane zamani.

Yanayi don yaduwar cutar: dasa shuki mai zurfi, haka kuma acidic da logasa mai ruwa. Wakilin causative baya buƙatar yanayin yanayi kuma yana iya haɓaka cikin kewayon zafin jiki na 3-25 ° C, tare da danshi na ƙasa 40-100% da acidity pH 4.5-8.

Adana Pathogen: a cikin hanyar sclerotia da mycelium a cikin ƙasa (a zurfin har zuwa 80 cm) har zuwa shekaru 5-6. Duk wannan lokacin yana iya kamuwa da cuta.

Matakan sarrafawa: rigakafin - fasahar noma ta ƙasa da kuma cirewar cututtukan tsire-tsire masu dacewa; ƙwayar cuta (Integral - 5 ml / 1l na ruwa, Fitosporin-M - 4-5 g / 1 l na ruwa) da fungal (Trichodermin - 2 g na miyagun ƙwayoyi kowace rijiya lokacin dasawa) shuka. Dakatar da kayayyakin kayan masarufi ana shayar da shuki da zubewar da aka shuka. A wannan yanayin, ana kafa maganin kafekin amfani da microorganisms kusa da asalinsu.

Lokacin da cutar ta bayyana, fesawa tare da shirye-shiryen sunadarai wajibi ne (Ridomil MC, Riba, Ridomil Gold MC - 20-25 g / 10 l na ruwa).

Hankalin launin ruwan kasa

Pathogen: Phyllosticta petuniae.

Kwayar cutar: m-brown spots bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki, na farko zagaye, to, tare da m bangarori. Fruiting fruiting siffofin a kan haske ɓangare na aibobi. Ganye ya shafa ya bushe ya bushe.

Yanayi don yaduwar cutar: lalacewar injina, zafi mai zafi
iska.

Adana Pathogen: a kan ganye.

Matakan sarrafawa: m - babbar fasahar aikin gona. Don hana cutar, kazalika da faruwar cutar, yana yiwuwa a fesa tare da shirye-shiryen tagulla tare da tazara tsakanin kwanaki 7-10 (Carcocide - 50 g / 10 L na ruwa, chloroxide jan karfe - 40 g / 10 L na ruwa, Oksikhom - 20 g / 10 L ruwa, da sauransu).

Kafet ɗin furanni wanda aka yi wa furen. . Bena

Marigayi Blight

Pathogens: Phytophthora cryptogea da Phytophthora infestans.

Kwayar cutar: tushe daga tushe ya zama launin ruwan kasa kuma ya yi birgima. Dankin ya bushe kuma ya mutu. Nasarar mai yiwuwa ne a kowane zamani, duk da haka, mafi sau da yawa cutar ta zo daidai da sharuddan da marigayi Blight tumatir da dankali, wanda ke hade da halaye na nazarin halittu na pathogens.

Yanayi don yaduwar cutar: babban zafi, sanyi mai sanyi tare da raɓa mai nauyi.

Adana Pathogen: a cikin rayayyun hunturu sassan tsire-tsire waɗanda ke yada cutar (alal misali, ƙwayoyin dankali marasa lafiya da aka dasa a gonar). Akwai tabbataccen shaida cewa kamuwa da cuta a cikin ƙasa kuma kan tarkace tsire-tsire ba ya ci gaba ba.

Matakan sarrafawa: a lokacin girman shuki, ya zama dole a bar iska ta zama iska mai kyau kuma ba tsawan amfanin gona ba. Bayan dasawa seedlings a cikin ƙasa, ana iya yin jiyya tare da shirye-shiryen hana ƙarfe (Kartotsid - 50 g / 10 l na ruwa, chloride na jan karfe - 40 g / 10 l na ruwa, Oksikhom - 20 g / 10 l na ruwa, da dai sauransu), amma furanni suna lalacewa , wanda ke haifar da asarar kayan ado tsawon kwanaki. Mahimmancin ƙwayar cuta sune magunguna waɗanda aka dogara da mancozeb, metalaxyl ko oxadixyl (Ridomil MC, Riba, Ridomil Gold MC, da dai sauransu - 20-25 g / 10 l na ruwa).

Bugu da ƙari, ba su da kariya kawai, har ma da tasirin warkewa, don haka ana iya amfani dasu a lokacin da alamun cutar ta bayyana.