Yadda ake shuka levka daga tsaba da lokacin shuka, ba kowane matar gida bace ta sani. Rashin bayanai ne babban dalilin babbar saurin kashe bishiyoyi. Idan kun bi ka'idodin dasa shuki da kulawa da levoka, to, zaku iya cimma sakamakon da ake so ko da kuwa babu ƙwarewa. Biyo da tukwici, da bushes zai lalle ne, ba kawai tare da bayyanar, amma kuma tare da m ƙanshi. An gabatar da hotunan furanni levkoy, dasa da kulawa da wannan shuka a ƙasa.
Siffar fure
Levkoy tsirrai ne wanda ya shahara saboda ƙanshi mai daɗi wanda yake cike komai a ciki, musamman da yamma. Irin wannan fure ana kiranta matthiola. Wannan sunan da aka karɓa don girmamawa ga masanin ilimin botanist Pietro Mattioli. Saboda yanayin fure, Levka yana da alaƙa da phlox.
Musamman mashahuri sune waɗancan nau'ikan da ke da fure mai fure.
A yanayi, akwai nau'ikan shuka sama da 50 na wannan shuka. Dukkansu sun bambanta a cikin inuwa na fure, siffar da girman harbe.
Babban nau'in al'adu levkoy:
- Shekara daya. Yana fasali a takaice mai girma girma. Yana blooms tare da walleye daga farkon bazara har zuwa kaka. A wurin furanni, ana samar da 'ya'yan itatuwa a cikin nau'in hatsi. Wannan nau'ikan galibi ana amfani dashi don namo waje.
- Hunturu. Wannan shine shuka shekara biyu. An shuka shi a watan Yuli ko Agusta. Ana iya lura da farkon fure na gaba. Hakanan hunturu Levkoy ma yayi girma a gida. An bambanta shuka da tsirrai mai tsayi. Irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin matthiola suna fure a ƙarshen bazara. Tare da kulawa da ta dace, yana gamsar da kuzarinsa don sanyi. Tsaba ripen na gaba shekara.
- Rana. Yawancin nau'ikan wannan nau'in sun fara farawa a farkon kaka. Ana tattara tarin ƙwayar ne kawai shekara mai zuwa.
Daga cikin nau'ikan da ke sama, mafi mashahuri shine zaɓi na uku. Dwarf kaka iri daban-daban musamman sananne. Tsayinsu bai wuce 20 cm ba. Undeafar mararan itace tana da ƙananan fararen ganye da ƙananan sikelin da ke da matsakaici. Girman daddaɗin furanni ya kai cm 2-2.5. Akwai kuma wasu nau'ikan da ke da furanni-fure, sifofi daban-daban waɗanda manyan birai ne. Zasu iya kaiwa 8 cm a diamita.
Mafi mashahuri nau'in levkoy:
- Manyan furanni;
- Victoria
- Thumbelina;
- Ruby;
Ya kasance tare da sifofin halittar herbaceous. Ya kasance tare da shahararren dangin Kabeji. Theasar haihuwar waɗannan matthiola shine ƙasar kudancin Turai, Rum. Sau da yawa, levoka yana girma a cikin nau'i na shrub. Mai tushe kai tsaye. Tsawonsu ya yi girma daga 20 zuwa 80 cm. Twigs na iya zama dandazon ko inzali. Blossoms matthiola ruwan hoda, fari, shunayya da shuɗi. All buds an tattara a cikin m inflorescences. A ƙarshen furanni, ana kafa paruka, a tsakiyar waɗanda ake kafa ƙananan hatsi. Tsaba suna da lebur a sifa. A cikin gram ɗaya na iya zuwa gram 700 na hatsi.
Levkoy yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba
Domin fure ya yi fure mai kyau kuma yana da ƙanshin mamaki, kuna buƙatar sanin lokacin da za ku shuka shi. Kuna iya shuka shuka na matasa a hanyoyi da yawa, amma mafi yawan amfani kuma mafi inganci shine amfani da tsaba.
Kafin shuka shuki na seedlings, ya kamata ku shirya hatsi daidai.
Harkar daji na hagu daga zuriya ya kamata ya fara daga shirye-shiryen hatsi. Kafin sake maida kayan, sanya shi cikin ruwa tsawon awanni 24. Wannan lokacin zai ishe hatsi su kumbura. Bayan kwana daya, kunsa tsaba a cikin rigar rigar kuma saka a cikin wuri mai sanyi don kwanaki da yawa. Don yin wannan, zai fi kyau amfani da firiji.
Ya kamata a aiwatar da shuka Levkoy don shuka a farkon Afrilu ko ƙarshen Maris. Shuka matthiola daga zuriyar gidan dole ne a aiwatar da su a cikin kwalaye tare da cakuda ƙasa da ƙasa mai yashi.
Sanya hatsi a farfajiya na ƙasa ya kamata ya zama lafta. Matsakaicin zurfin da aka sanya tsaba shine 0.5 cm.
Don tushen hatsi da sauri, ana bada shawara don amfani da karamin-greenhouse. Idan an yi komai daidai, harbe suna bayyana a rana ta biyar. Bayan bayyanar tsire-tsire a saman ƙasa, a tsakiyar tsakiyar ya kamata ya rage zafin jiki zuwa 120 C. A wannan lokacin, zai fi kyau a matsar da akwatin zuwa wuri mai haske. Bayan makonni 2, za a iya nono tsire-tsire.
Tsirrai masu tsauri na iya jure wa zazzabi zuwa -50 C.
Dukkanin tsaba da aka karɓa da haƙoransu kuma sun fara girma cikin sauri za a iya dasa su a ƙasa. An bada shawara don ciyar da seedlings mai ƙarfi tare da humus.
Kula da kuturta a cikin filin bude ido
Dasa levkoy da barin ƙasa a buɗe ƙasa importantalibai ne masu mahimmanci waɗanda ci gaban shuka ya dogara. Don dasa seedlings a cikin flowerbed ya kamata ya kasance a cikin ramukan da aka riga aka shirya.
Kafin sanya tsire-tsire, wajibi ne don shayar da ƙasa sosai. Saukowa ya kamata ya zama na musamman a cikin slurry. Wannan zai ba da furanni su daidaita da sauri zuwa sababbin yanayi.
Rijiyoyin suna cike da ƙasa kuma suna haɗe. Ya kamata a kula da tazara tsakanin 20 - 25 cm tsakanin .annin .. Don nau'in ƙarancin girma, alamu suna cikin 15 cm.
Domin levkoy ya yi fure a duk lokacin bazara ba tare da hutu ba, ya kamata a sake yin shuka sosai. An ba da shawarar yin wannan kowane kwana na 10-15.
Ban ruwa. Wannan bangare ne mai mahimmanci a cikin kulawar shuka. Watering furanni ba da shawarar, amma a tsare. Tsawon fari da wuce haddi na iya cutar da tsiron. Don mafi kyawun iskar oxygen, yakamata a ƙone ƙasa lokaci-lokaci. Yakamata a aiwatar da irin wannan hanyar kai tsaye bayan ban ruwa, da yamma.
Ana shirin hunturu. Ire-iren da suka ƙare ciyawar su a kaka ya kamata a datsa. Dole ne a cire harbe har kusan gaba daya, yana barin 10 zuwa 15 cm sama da ƙasa.
Taki. Wannan muhimmin mahimmanci ne a cikin kula da Mattiola. Ya kamata a saka kulawa ta musamman a kan kayan miya a lokacin furanni. Domin levok zuwa Bloom profusely, shi wajibi ne don zuba takin gargajiya-potash takin karkashin bushes. A cikin bazara da kaka - shirye-shirye masu hadaddun.
Ba a ba da shawarar nau'in perennial ba don mulching a farkon shekarar rayuwar shuka.
Karin kwari. Babban haɗari ga tsire-tsire shine ƙafar giciya.
Don magance irin wannan ƙwayar, ya kamata a yi amfani da maganin ash mai rauni. Dole ne a bi da bushes sau ɗaya kowace kwana huɗu har sai sun ɓace gaba ɗaya. Yayin aiwatarwa, ya kamata ka mai da hankali cewa ruwan ya zama ba kawai a gefen gaban ganye ba, har ma a baya. Idan ƙuma ta sake da yawa, to ya zama dole a yi amfani da kwari don sarrafa su.
Mattioli kuma sau da yawa ƙafa baƙar fata yana shafawa.
Kuna iya sanin irin wannan cuta ta hanyar bincika yanayin tushe. Kyauron furanni sun banbanta da launin ruwan kasa mai ɗanɗano daga cikin akwati. Don hana wannan, ya kamata ku noma ƙasa tare da Hom kafin shuka. Abun na musamman zai taimaka kare tsire daga kamuwa da wannan cutar.
Kafin dasa shuki levka na shuka, ya kamata ku san ainihin ka'idodin wannan aikin. Sanin lokacin da kuma yadda ake shirya hatsi, zaku iya shuka kyawawan tsire-tsire masu ƙoshin lafiya waɗanda zasu faranta muku rai da fure da ƙanshi mai ban sha'awa a duk lokacin bazara.
