Karya

Heatherace hergreen na gama gari gama gari (Calluna vulgaris) ita ce kawai asalin nau'in Halin Heather, mallakar dangin Heather. A yau, akwai nau'ikan wannan shuka kimanin 500, yawancinsu suna da halaye na ado masu girma sosai. A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, ana samun tsiron a cikin Turai (ya shimfida daga yanki na manyan dawakai da yanke hukunci zuwa tundra), a arewacin Afirka, a cikin Greenland, a cikin wurare masu zafi na Asiya, a kan Azores, a gabar Tekun Atlantika na Arewacin Amurka, yayin da ya fi son girma a kan bogs peat, kona wurare da gandun daji. Tsohon tsohuwar tatsuniyar Scotland ta ce daga dukkan tsire-tsire ne kawai Heather ya yarda, a wurin Mahaliccin, ya yi girma a kan tsaunukan dutse wanda duk iska ke hurawa, wanda aka bashi kyautar, rashin jituwa, ƙanshi mai daɗi da bayyanar kyakkyawa. Kuma a yau a wuraren da Heather ke tsiro, babu wani shuka. Wani lokacin yakan mamaye wurare masu girma, waɗanda ake kira yankuna yankuna. Heather ta ba da sunan Satumba a cikin yaren Belarusian, Ukrainian da Yaren mutanen Poland, wato: Heather, Heather, wrzesien.

Abubuwan Heather

Heather katako mai matukar karen gargaji ne sosai wanda ke da girman santimita 30-70 santimita. Tesanan faranti, waɗanda suke trihedral, kamar dai an birgima cikin bututu. Flowersananan furanni masu ƙanshi waɗanda suke kama da karrarawa ana fentin su a cikin ruwan hoda na lilac. Su bangare ne na goge-goge ɗaya. Flow ya fara a cikin rabin na biyu na lokacin bazara, duk da haka, irin wannan shuka ya zama mafi kyau bayan farawa na farko, saboda ganyenta a wannan lokacin ana fentin su cikin burgundy da rawaya. Robert Lewis Stevenson ya rubuta cikakken labarin game da Heather "Heather zuma". Irin wannan shuka itaciya ce mai kyau na zuma, yayin da ake ɗaukar zuma heather mafi amfani duka. Masu tsara shimfidar wurare suna amfani da Heather don yin kwalliyar tsaunukan tsaunuka, dasa a kan hanyoyi a cikin lambun, kuma suna amfani dasu don ƙirƙirar iyakoki waɗanda ke da ban sha'awa sosai a kan dwarf conifers.

Girma Heather daga tsaba

Shuka tsaba

Don haɓaka Heather daga tsaba, kuna buƙatar haƙuri, saboda wannan tsari yana da tsayi da wahala. Koyaya, yana iya gamsar da ku cewa heather tsaba suna da ingantaccen ƙwayar cuta, wato kashi 90. Ana buƙatar cika kwano da cakuda ƙasa tare da danshi. Rarraba tsaba a farfajiyarta, amma ba kwa buƙatar zurfafa su. Akwatin an rufe gilashin kuma ana jiran shuki. Don shuka tsaba, ana bada shawara don amfani da substrate wanda ya ƙunshi yashi, ƙasa mai cike da yashi da peat, waɗanda aka ɗauka a cikin rabo na 1: 1: 2. Amfanin gona yana buƙatar saka shi cikin zafi (game da digiri 20), yayin da a cikin kwanaki 7 na farko tsaba suna buƙatar babban matakin zafi. Bayyanar farkon farawa ta bayyana bayan makonni 4. Nan da nan bayan bayyanar seedlings, ya kamata su fara taurara. Don wannan, ya kamata a buɗe matsuguni na ɗan lokaci. Bayan shukar ta girma sosai, yakamata su zaba, ana dasa su a cikin tukwane na mutum ko kuma a dasa su cikin kwandon shara.

Kulawar seedling

A lokacin rani, ya kamata a motsa seedlings zuwa gonar kuma a sanya shi cikin duhu, yayin da dole ne a shayar da shi sosai. Lokacin da ya yi sanyi a waje, ana jujjuya ƙwayoyin zuwa dakin da yake sanyi (kimanin digiri 10 -12).

Saukowa Heather a cikin wani wuri mai ɗorewa yana yiwuwa ne kawai da shekara biyu. Ka tuna cewa Heather girma daga zuriyarsa bai iya kiyaye alamun mahaifiyar shuka ba. Koyaya, sakamakon aikinku, ana iya samun sabon sabo iri daban daban.

Saukowa Heather a cikin ƙasa bude

Inda kuma a wane lokaci suka sauka

Gardenerswararrun lambu bayar da shawarar dasa Heather a cikin bazara, wato, daga rabin na biyu na Afrilu zuwa farkon watan Mayu, zaku iya yin wannan a cikin fall - daga ƙarshen Satumba zuwa farkon zamanin Oktoba. Don dasawa, zai fi kyau zaɓi zaɓi buɗe, yanki mai cike da wuta, amma zaku iya dasa wannan tsiron a cikin inuwa mai fuska. Peasan Peaty mai laushi ko busassun yashi sun fi dacewa da shi. Wannan fure ba za'a shuka shi cikin ƙasa mai rauni ba. Yana da kyau idan ƙasa ta ƙunshi fewan abubuwan gina jiki, amma dole ne pH ya zama 4.5-5.5. Heather zai yi girma mafi kyau a cikin ƙasa wanda ya ƙunshi yashi, peat, takin haushi (ƙasar cike da ruwa), wanda dole ne a ɗauka a cikin rabo na 1: 3: 2. Ya kamata a kiyaye wurin da Heather ya faɗaɗa daga iska mai ƙarfi. Don acidify ƙasa, wajibi ne don gabatar da peat doki jan ciki a ciki.

Yadda ake shuka

Ya danganta da iri-iri, daga 6 zuwa 10 ana shuka shuki a kan mãkirci na muraba'in mita 1. Dole ne a binne daji a cikin ƙasa ta hanyar 25-35 santimita, yayin da tushen wuyansa ya kamata ya kasance daidai da yanayin ƙasa. Idan ƙasa yumɓu a cikin ramin saukowa, ya zama dole don yin magudanar ruwa wanda ya ƙunshi yashi ko ginin bulo, yayin da tsayin dinta ya kasance daga 5 zuwa 10 santimita. Hakanan, a kowane rami kuna buƙatar zuba cikin gari mai ƙaho (30-50 grams) da nitrophoski (20-30 grams). An shayar da Heather dasa shuki a cikin nauyin 5-6 na ruwa a kowace daji 1. Dole ne a yayyafa saman shafin da wani yanki na ciyawa (kwakwalwan itace mai taushi ko peat). Ka tuna cewa wannan tsire-tsire ne mai ƙarancin dasa shi, saboda haka kana buƙatar yanzun nan zaɓi mafi kyawun wuri don dasa shi kuma ku kula da shi sosai don kar ku sake dasa shi.

Siffofin Kulawa

Tushen tsarin Heather ba mai tsawo ba ne, saboda haka ya kamata a shayar da shi akai-akai idan ba'a lura da hazo ba, kuma ana amfani da ruwan acidified. Ka lura cewa kasar gona saman a kan shafin ya kamata a kullum dan kadan moistened. A wannan batun, dole ne a rufe saman ƙasa da wani yanki na ciyawa. Hakanan, ciyawa baya barin kasar ta sami zafi sosai a ranakun zafi. Ana shayar da Heather kowane kwana na 10-15. Bayan an yi ban ruwa, kuna buƙatar sassauta ƙasa zuwa zurfin 10 zuwa 15 santimita, yayin da duk ciyawa dole ne a tsage. Sassauta da sako ƙasa ta ciyawa. A lokutan sultry, wannan tsire-tsire na iya fama da bushewar iska mai lalacewa; a wannan batun, ana bada shawarar yin danshi da mai girki a kowane maraice. Kar ku manta da ciyar da shuka a kowace shekara a cikin lokacin bazara (a watan Afrilu ko Mayu), yayin da ake amfani da cikakken ma'adinan ma'adinan ga ƙasa, ana ɗaukar manyan tablespoons na takin a kowane daji 1 (ana ɗaukar gram 20 zuwa 30 a kowace murabba'in mil). A lokaci guda, bushe taki dole ne a warwatse ko'ina cikin shafin, yi kokarin hana kayan daga faɗuwa a kan ganye da furanni na shuka, in ba haka ba ƙona zai samar akan farjinsu. Bayan wannan, ya kamata a gyara miya a cikin ciyawa, kuma a shayar da kasar gona da yawa. Kowace bazara, ya zama dole don datsa, wanda ke aiwatar da aiki, kuma yana ƙarfafa ci gaban matasa. A lokaci guda, ana iya yin girki mai lalacewa kawai lokacin da shekaru 3 suka shude tun daga lokacin da aka dasa ɗan Heather. Yi ƙoƙarin kiyaye siffar kambi. Dokar yankan: inflorescence tare da hagu dole ne a riƙe sashin na sama, kuma tare da dama - yana da burodin yanka ½ ko 2/3 na inflorescence. Za a iya yanke yankan cut a yayyafa shi a saman ciyawa.

Karin kwari da cututtuka

Wannan inji yana da matukar tsayayya wa kwari masu cutarwa da cututtuka, amma wasu lokuta cutar kanjamau ko cututtukan fungal tana shafar su. Sau da yawa Heather ba shi da lafiya da launin toka. Haɓaka wannan cutar ana iya lalacewa ta hanyar mummunan ruwa na ƙasa ko saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin bazara da murfin dusar ƙanƙara yana raguwa da sauri sosai, a sakamakon haka, ruwa mai tsaftatacce a cikin tushen tsarin. A cikin samfurin kamuwa da cuta, plaque ya bayyana akan mai tushe, sannan ganyayyaki da harbe da kansu suna mutuwa. Don magance cutar, ana amfani da magani na shuka tare da wakilai na fungicidal, kuma Topaz da Fundazol suna fama da wannan cutar mafi kyau. Idan daji na da tasiri sosai, to, ana buƙatar magani tare da maganin maganin sulfate (1%). Wajibi ne don aiwatar da Heather sau 3 tare da katsewa na kwanaki 5-10. Don dalilai na rigakafin, ana kula da shuka tare da fungicides a cikin bazara nan da nan bayan an cire tsari daga ciki. Hakanan wajibi ne don fesa bushes a cikin bazara yayin shiri don hunturu.

Idan daji da cutar da powdery mildew, matasa harbe fara Fade, da kuma baƙi, sako-sako da shafi bayyana a kan ganye faranti. Idan tabarau mai launin ruwan kasa-ja ya bayyana akan ganyayyaki, wannan yana nuna Heather yana kamuwa da tsatsa. Wadannan cututtukan guda biyu sune fungal, kamar launin toka, saboda haka an haɗu da su tare da wakilai na fungicidal.

Idan wani daji ya buge shi da cutar kwaya, to furanni ko mai tushe zasu iya lalacewa, kuma launin furanni da ganyayyaki ya zama marar daidaituwa, ya zama mara hankali ga wannan nau'in. Ba za a iya magance wannan cutar ba, a wannan batun, dole ne a haƙa tsire kuma a lalata. Yankin da suka girma dole ne a shayar da shi da ingantaccen bayani na potassiumgangan.

A cikin taron cewa an shuka shuka akan ƙasa wanda ya dace da shi kuma yana karɓar kulawa da ta wajaba, to babu makawa yin rashin lafiya.

Katar Heather

Yadda ake yada wannan shuka tare da tsaba an bayyana shi a sama. Koda Heather za'a iya yaduwa ta hanyar saka filayen, rarraba daji ko yankan. A ƙarshen lokacin bazara, ana buƙatar yanke cutukan apical, yayin da aka ɗauke su daga rassan fure mafi ƙarfi. Don tushen, ana dasa su cikin tukwane cike da cakuda peat da yashi (3: 1). Suna buƙatar saka su a cikin wuri mai sanyi (daga digiri 15 zuwa 18), yayin da yakamata ƙasa ta kasance da taushi. Sau ɗaya a kowane watanni 1.5-2, ana buƙatar ciyar da ganyen, don wannan suna amfani da maganin urea (1 gram na ruwa a kowace lita 1 na ruwa) ko takin mai magani na ƙasa. A cikin bazara, ana dasa tsire-tsire zuwa ƙasa mai buɗewa.

Heather galibi yana yaduwa ta hanyar sanya kanta da kanta. A tsawon lokaci, tsoffin rassan Heather suna kwance akan ƙasa kuma suna ba da asalinsu. Don samun farawa, ya zama dole don tanƙwara, wanda yake a saman ƙasa, tushe mai girma da gyara shi bisa doron ƙasa. Sannan an rufe shi da wani yanki na peat, kauri wanda ya zama daidai da 10 mm. Bayan watanni 12, zai zama tilas a raba keɓaɓɓen ya sanya shi a cikin dindindin.

Heather shine mafi sauƙin sauƙin yadawa ta rarrabu da rhizome. Ana aiwatar da wannan hanyar a ƙarshen lokacin bazara. Don yin wannan, tono daji balagagge. Ba a buƙatar cire ƙasa daga tushen, an sare su cikin sassan da yawa don kowane ɗayan bangarorin akwai tushen da ƙaramin harbi. Kafin dasa shuki, tsohuwar mai tushe ya kamata a yanka. Ana shuka su nan da nan a cikin wani wuri na dindindin a cikin ramuka daban-daban, yayin da kar a manta da yayyafa wuraren yanka da murƙushe mai.

Heather bayan fure

A yankuna tare da yanayin dumin yanayi, wannan shuka yana jure hunturu ba tare da tsari. Amma a cikin taron cewa winters suna da ƙarfi kuma suna da dusar ƙanƙara, Heather ya fi dacewa don hunturu. Lokacin da sanyi ya shigo, ya kamata a yayyafa maƙarƙashiya da wani yanki na peat, sannan sai a rufe Heather kanta tare da rassan tsiro, wanda zai kare tsirrai daga sanyi da zafin rana a cikin bazara. Zai zama dole don cire tsari a watan Afrilu.

Babban nau'ikan iri da iri tare da hotuna da sunaye

Heather gama (Calluna vulgaris) - Wannan shine kawai jinsunan a cikin dangi. Sau da yawa la'akari da Heather Erica, wanda ke da alaƙa da wannan shuka. Koyaya, Heather da erica sune tsire daban. Heather talakawa yana da babban adadin kyawawan iri, a wannan lokacin akwai kusan guda 500. 'Yan lambu sun rarrabu duka ire-iren wadannan nau'ikan guda 6.

Rukuni 1 Iri daban-daban suna da fure mai kyau

1. Allegro. Tsawon wannan bishiyar bishiyoyi mai kusan 0.6 m, kambinsa kuma yana da nisan kusan 0,5 .. Akwai ƙaramin kambi mai laushi, ƙyalli mai duhu mai duhu da faranti na ganye mai launin shuɗi mai duhu. Ana lura da yawo daga kwanakin ƙarshe na Yuli zuwa ƙarshen Oktoba. Furen-carmine furanni masu sauki ne, an tattara su cikin dogon bayanin. Dankin yana da tsaftar hunturu, kawai matasa bushes ne kawai ke bukatar a rufe su saboda hunturu.
2. Carmen. Wannan nau'in nau'ikan matasan, wanda aka busa a cikin Netherlands, ya shahara sosai a ƙasashen Turai. Kurmin ya kai tsayin 0.3-0.4 m, yana da kambi mai zagaye, ƙananan ganye masu duhu, ƙusoshin duhu mai duhu, furanni masu launin shuɗi mai ruwan hoda masu sauƙi waɗanda aka tattara a cikin farfajiya (tsayi har zuwa 10 santimita). Rashin sanyi ne, amma yana buƙatar tsari a lokacin hunturu.

Hakanan shahararrun nau'ikan su ne irin su: Radnor, Duckness, Ross Hatton, Mazurka, Marco, Barnett Enley, Hoxtone da sauransu.

Rukuni 2. Iri tare da fararen furanni da faranti masu launin ganye

1. Alba. Tsawon tsinkayen daji yakai kimanin 0.4 m, yayin da rawanin yana da nisan kusan 0,55. A kan rassan hawan hawan akwai faranti masu launin kore. An tattara fararen furanni a cikin tsummokaran tserewar tsaran tsere.
2. Alexandra. Shefuna masu laushi na siffar maras nauyi sun kai girman 0.3 m, tare da rawanin kambi na 0.4 m. Ladaƙarin buɗe ido masu launin shuɗi ne masu launin shuɗi da furanni masu launin shuɗi, kuma a ƙarshen fure sun zama ja mai duhu.

Hakanan shahararrun sune nau'ikan irin su: White Lawn, Hampty Dampty, Long White, Alec Martin, Alba Jay da sauransu.

Rukunin na 3. Iri tare da foliage na azurfa

1. Kwallar Azma. Wannan nau'in ana bred a Ingila. Tsawon daji yakai kimanin 0.3 m, sannan kuma diamita na karamin kambi mai kamanni shine 0.45 m. Haushi yana da launin ruwan kasa, faranti mai launin shuɗi. A cikin hunturu, ganye suna zama burgundy. Ana tattara furanni masu launin shuɗi mai sauƙi ko furanni na lilac a cikin inflorescences, suna da tsawon santimita 20. Yana tsayayya da sanyi, amma don hunturu yana buƙatar rufe shi.
2. Peter Sparks. Hakanan ana samun iri-iri a Ingila. Tsawon daji kusan 0,5 m ne, kuma girman rawanin minta shine 0.6 m. Haushi ya yi duhu, ƙaramin ganye a cikin rani da damina duhu ne, kuma a cikin hunturu da bazara ne mai launin shuɗi. Furen furanni masu duhu launin ruwan hoda sune ɓangaren inflorescences, tsawonsa shine 0.3 m yana da juriya mai sanyi na matsakaici.

Hakanan shahararrun su ne irin nau'ikan kamar: Annmarie, Fuskar Fiska, Jan Decker, Glendwick Azurfa da sauransu.

Rukuni 4. Iri tare da ganye na gwal

1. Andrew Proudley. Dajin ya kai tsayin kamu 15 santimita, yayin da daddaɗin kambinsa ya kai santimita 25. Rassan da ke tashi-nesa suna da bakin ciki. A cikin lokacin dumi, ganye yana ruwan lemo kuma yana da nunin haske mai rawaya, kuma a cikin hunturu ana fentin shi da launi na tagulla. Pinkanan furanni ruwan hoda ɓangare ne na kwance inflorescences.
2. Boscup. An ƙirƙiri iri-iri a cikin Holland. Bushan daji ya kai tsayin 0.4 m, kuma diamita na kambi mai ɗaukar nauyi shine mita 0.5. Haushi yana da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. A lokacin rani, ƙwayoyin ganye suna launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi, kuma a cikin kaka suna juya launin jan ƙarfe. Kayan furanni masu launin furanni masu ruwan hoda-pink sune ɓangare na gajerun inflorescences, wanda yakai kusan santimita 10 a tsayi. Yana da juriya sanyi na matsakaici.

Hakanan shahararrun su ne nau'ikan kamar: Aura, Arran Gold, Blazeavay, Krimson Sunset, Gold Hayes, Cottswood Gold, da dai sauransu.

Rukuni na 5. Iri daban-daban da ke da fure furanni

1. Hasken kaka. Tsawon tsararren bishiyoyin da ke yaduwa ya kai kimanin 0.3 m, kuma diamita ta kambiyyarsa ya kai kimanin 0.45 m. A rassan, an ɗaga ƙarshen. Faranti masu launin shuɗi masu launin duhu, rawaya mara ƙwaya, furanni mai ɗimbin yawa wani ɓangare ne na gajeren zancen tseren tsere mai ƙarfi.
2. Monica. Tsawon tsirrai mai yaduwa shine 0.55 m, kuma diamita na kambi na 0.8 m. Branchesasashe masu tasowa suna da ƙarfi sosai.Faranti masu launin shuɗi masu duhu a cikin hunturu sun zama launin toka. Furanni masu launin ruwan hoda masu launin ruwan hoda suna da girma sosai, ana tattara su a cikin tsaran tseren tsere.

Hakanan shahararrun su ne irin su: Red Fairyt, Dark Star, Alba Plena, Joan Sparks, County Wicklow.

Rukuni na 6. Iri da ke buɗe furanni

1. David Eason. Tsawon daji mai tsinkaye yakai santimita 20, kuma diamita na kambi ɗin shine santimita 25. Akwai adadi da yawa na rassan hawan jini. Faranti ganye ne mai duhu kore. M furanni duhu mai duhu-ɓangare ne na gajerun goge.
2. Marlin. Jamusanci Dajin ya kai girman kusan 0.3 m, kuma diamita na kambi na 0,5 m. Dark haushi mai duhu, ƙananan faranti masu launin kore mai duhu. Buds na babban ko launi mai launin shuɗi mai zurfi baya buɗe.

Hakanan shahararrun nau'ikan su ne irin su: Romina, Minima, Fritz Kircher.

M kaddarorin Heather

Heather yana da kaddarorin magani waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin gargajiya da maganin gargajiya. Ana amfani dashi sosai wurin maganin tari, cutar koda, cystitis, pyelitis, urethritis, dysentery, zawo, gastritis, enterocolitis, rheumatism, gout, da kuma cututtukan fata. Ana girbe furen Heather daga kwanakin ƙarshe na Yuni zuwa Satumba, saboda a wannan lokacin ya ƙunshi mafi yawan abubuwa masu amfani: flavonoids, salts ma'adinai na phosphorus, potassium, alli da sodium, acid Organic. Godiya ga su, da shuka yana da antibacterial, anti-mai kumburi, diaphoretic, rauni waraka, expectorant, diuretic, astringent, tsarkakewa da magani mai kantad da hankali.

Ana amfani da decoction na wannan bishiyar don rashin bacci da rikice-rikice na tsarin juyayi, don atherosclerosis na tasoshin, cututtukan ƙwayar jijiyoyin ciki, yawan acidity, cholecystitis da kiba. Idan makogwaron ya yi zafi ko akwai kumburi a cikin bakin, to, ana amfani da daskararren ruwa don yin kururuwa. Alcohol tincture akan wannan tsiro yana taimakawa tare da tarin fuka. Foda an yi shi ne daga furanni da aka murƙushe, wanda ke taimakawa tare da rauni, eczema, raunuka da ƙonewa. Tare da radiculitis, ana ɗaukar wanka na Heather. Jiko, an shirya shi daga furanni, an shafa shi a cikin fatar kai, wannan yana taimakawa kawar da asarar gashi da inganta lafiyarsu.

Kuna iya ɗaukar Heather don kowa, amma har yanzu, kafin a ci gaba da magani tare da wannan shuka, kuna buƙatar tuntuɓi ƙwararren likita. Zai fi kyau mu guji shan magunguna da aka yi daga Heather a cikin waɗanda ke da ƙarancin acidity na ruwan 'ya'yan itace na ciki.