Fuchsias furanni ne na fure mai kwalliya. Kwanan nan, fuchsias suna da mashahuri sosai ba kawai a Turai da Amurka ba, har ma a Rasha. Ana buƙatar ƙoƙari kaɗan don shuka su - kuma fure mai yawa fuchsia furanni tare da kyawawan "siket" za su faranta maka rai tare da launuka masu haske duk tsawon lokacin bazara!
Fuchsia a cikin tukunya. Maja DumatAn ambaci farkon ambaton fuchsia kimanin shekaru 300 da suka gabata, kuma tun daga nan shayarwa sun shayar da fiye da nau'ikan dubunnan waɗannan kyawawan abubuwa. Akwai ampelous da daji irin fuchsia.
Hakanan ana iya girma Fuchsias a cikin kwandunan rataye, kuma ana iya amfani dasu don samar da daidaitattun bishiyoyi ko kyawawan bushes. Ana iya girma Fuchsia a gida da kan titi. Amma a cikin yanayin hunturu na Rasha na sanyi, za su mutu a bude ƙasa, don haka a cikin kaka, dole ne a canja fuchsias daga gonar zuwa hunturu a cikin wani wuri mai sanyi.
Fuchsia, Latin - Fuchsia.
Fuchsia, sanannen gidan dabbobin gida ne, sun sami "iska ta biyu" tare da samar da samfuran iri wanda zai iya, da farko, yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba, kuma, abu na biyu, Bloom in an jima, watanni 4-5 bayan shuka. Tun da yake ana haɗuwa da jinsin da yawa cikin “jini” na wannan matasan, ana kiransa fuchsia matasan (F. x hybrida). Amma ba wai kawai damar Bloom a cikin shekarar shuka yale mu mu san fuchsia zuwa lokacin bazara. Mafi mahimmanci, yana fure duk lokacin bazara a bude. A lokaci guda, fuchsia ta kasance perennial, a cikin hunturu ana iya adanar shi a cikin ɗaki mai sanyi, mai haske da baƙi a cikin bazara. Fuchsia blooms daga Yuli zuwa farkon sanyi.
Fuchsia ne matasan. Alejandro Bayer TamayoSiffofin
Wuri: Fuchsia yana thermophilic, kodayake akwai wasu nau'ikan da ke yin haƙuri da ƙananan daskararru, yana da danshi, amma ba ya haƙuri da ruwa mai yawa a cikin ƙasa, ya fi son rana ko rabin wurare marasa iska tare da kasa mai gina jiki.
Kulawa: Shayarwa na yau da kullun, amma ba tare da wuce haddi na ruwa ba, kuma kayan miya da ke da cikakken hadaddun takaddun kowane kwana 10 zuwa 14 zasu samar da wadataccen fure.
Saukowa: Lokacin da aka horar da shi a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, ana shuka fuchsia a ƙarshen Mayu - farkon Yuni, yana zurfafa tushen wuya by 10-20 cm 2. Makonni 2 bayan dasa, lokacin da tsire-tsire suna da tushe sosai, suna sake girma kuma nan da nan suka yi fure. Lokacin sanyi na farko na fuchsia na fuchsia daga dukkan kungiyoyin suna jurewa sosai, suna ɗaukar mahimmancin hardening kafin hutawa. Yawo a cikin yankin Moscow yana kasancewa har zuwa ƙarshen Satumba - farkon Oktoba.
Girma
Kodayake fuchsia tana da hoto sosai, hasken rana kai tsaye ba a sonta. Da tsakar rana, ganye da furanni na iya samun ƙonewa mai ɗaci.
Ingantaccen haɓaka da fure mai yalwatacce yana inganta ta hanyar wadataccen ruwa, spraying akai-akai, kayan miya na yau da kullun, ƙasa mai gina jiki da iska mai kyau.
Fuchsia. © DaudaShuka zai ji daɗaɗɗa a waje a lokacin bazara kuma, yana da mahimmanci, zai sha wahala ƙasa da kwari. A cikin rufaffiyar daki mai zafi tare da busassun iska, aphids, fararen fata, da kuma matattarar gizo-gizo za su kai wa hari. Idan hakan ta faru, da farko yakamata ka ƙara yawan zafi kuma ka kula da daji tare da kayan kariya masu dacewa. Wannan zai fi kyau a waje, cikin yanayi mai natsuwa, a cikin inuwa, mai matuƙar bin umarnin sashi.
Ya kamata a dasa Fuchsias a cikin tukwane na launi mai haske, tunda ba su da zafi a rana fiye da baƙi ko duhu launin ruwan kasa.
Amfani da tukunya a cikin tukunya a cikin fuchsia koyaushe ya kasance kasancewa mai laushi. Don guje wa turɓaya, ana zubar da daskararren yumɓu ko ƙaramin pebbles a saman tukunyar. Duniya ya kamata ta kasance sako-sako.
A cikin ɗakuna tare da iska mai bushe, feshisia ana yayyafa shi sau da yawa, amma kar a taɓa yin shi a ƙarƙashin sararin samaniya a cikin yanayin zafin rana. Duk wani nau'in fuchsia baya jure tsawon lokacin zafi, musamman idan suna cikin hasken rana kai tsaye.
Fuchsia. Rick Erick GustafsonAna ciyar da Fuchsia sau ɗaya a mako tare da takin mai magani na ruwa don furanni mai baranda. Manyan miya suna farawa ne lokacin da farkon farkon ya fito a farkon bazara. A watan Satumba na, don ripening na harbe, an rage miya a hankali.
Ana cire fure fuchsia na fure a kai a kai don tayar da shuka don samar da sabon buds.
Kafin sanyi na daren farko, ana tsabtace fuchsias. Mafi kyawun gani - cikin haske, mai iska mai kyau, tare da zazzabi 5-10C. An cire ganyen ta yadda kwari da fungi ba su cika kan su ba. Ana shayar da Fuchsia a cikin hunturu saboda ƙamshi mai ƙwari ba ya bushe. A cikin bazara, lokacin da shuka ta sake tsirowa, sannu a hankali ana ƙaruwa sosai. Lokacin da barazanar dusar sanyi ta ɓace, ana yinta ne a sararin sama.
Fuchsia a kai a kai tana yin maganin tsufa da tsufa don kada a fallasa shuka. A cikin bazara, kafin a kawo shi cikin ɗakin, ana shirya harbe ta kashi uku bisa uku. A cikin bazara, an sake sake harbe harbe ta hanyar nau'i biyu na ganye. Cutanɗana furannin fuchsia an yanke su saboda sun ɗan rataye shi a gefen tukunyar.
Fuchsia ba ƙasa ba ce ga ƙasa. Ana iya dasa tsire-tsire na manya a cikin kowane ƙasa mai saurin ƙasa tare da amsa tsaka tsaki, tare da ƙari na peat, yashi da perlite. Ana iya ƙara ƙaramin yumɓu don ɗaukar abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ƙasa. Don tsire-tsire na manya, cakuda turf ƙasa, peat, humus da takin (2: 1: 1: 1) ko ƙasa mai ganye, peat da yashi (3: 2: 1) za'a iya bada shawarar.
Fuchsia. BtckKowace bazara, ana watsa fuchsias cikin sabon canzawa daga cakuda turf, humus, ƙasa mai yashi da yashi (2: 2: 2: 1). Tukwane sun fi abin da ya wuce 2-3 cm a diamita.
A lokacin furanni, ba za ku iya sake shirya fuchsia daga wuri zuwa wuri ba ko kunna daji, saboda wannan na iya haifar da faduwa da fure da furanni.
Idan fure da sauri ya ƙare, sanadin yana iya zama lokacin hunturu, matsanancin wuce gona da iri ko rashin isasshen ruwa, ko kuma rashin haske a lokacin girma.
Waterlogging na kasar gona yana nuna ta bayyanar launin ruwan kasa da lafuzza masu launin shuɗi a cikin ganyayyaki. Ya kamata a cire furanni masu bushewa a cikin yanayi mai dacewa don hana samuwar tsaba, in ba haka ba an rage lokacin fure. Tare da kulawar da ta dace, fuchsias matasa za su yi fure kuma za ku yi farin ciki duk lokacin rani tare da fure, fitilun da furanni masu haske.
Fuchsia.
Kiwo
Farfagandar fuchsia ta yanke.
Don ƙwaya, ya kamata a ɗauka ƙananan fuchsia cuttings. Da ɗan lignified fuchsia cuttings kuma za ta ba da tushen, amma wannan tsari na iya ɗaukar kadan ya daɗe. Tsawon tsawon fuchsia cuttings na iya dogaro da iri-iri, saboda akwai vigorous da sosai m irin fuchsia. A matsakaici, tsawon tsayin fuchsia na iya zama 10-20 cm. Kafin sanya fuchsia stalk a cikin wani akwati na ruwa, ya zama dole don cire duk ƙananan ganye wanda zai iya shiga cikin ruwa. Ta taɓa ruwan, ganyen fuchsia na iya fara jujjuyawa, kamuwa da cuta ke yaduwa da sauri kuma ƙananan fuchsia na iya lalacewa, ba tare da samun lokacin bayar da asalinsu ba. Hakanan zaka iya rage sauran ganye da rabi idan sun yi girma, saboda yawan danshi mai wuce gona da iri ta hanyar manyan ganye na iya raunana ciyawar fuchsia, wacce ba ta da asalinta. Idan haka ne ganyen fuchsia stalk sun rasa turgor, saka gilashin tare da ciyawa a cikin greenhouse ko kuma kawai rufe tare da jakar m. Ruwa zai dace da wanda aka tace. Ba shi da ma'ana a yi amfani da hormones na musamman don cire fuchsia, saboda fuchsia cuttings don haka yarda da gaskiya da sauri ba asalinsu. Yana faruwa da cewa tuni a rana ta huɗu bayan yanka na fuchsia stalk, Tushen farko sun bayyana. A matsakaita, tushen tsari a cikin fuchsia yana ɗaukar kwanaki 10-14. Ba lallai ba ne a jira fuchsia stalk don ya yi tsayi sosai. Kuna iya dasa fuchsia a cikin substrate da zaran matasa da yawa Tushen sun bayyana a kan cuttings.
Za a iya yada Fuchsia ta hanyar yanka a kowane lokaci na shekara, amma ya fi kyau a cikin bazara, lokacin da dukkanin abubuwa masu rai suka fara girma. Domin fuchsia yana ƙaunar kwantar da hankali, a lokacin bazara, saboda yawan zafin jiki na iska, yaduwar fuchsia yana da wuya - ƙananan 'yan itace suna jujjuyawa, basu da lokacin bayar da asalinsu. Zai yiwu a magance matsalar yaduwar fuchsia a cikin bazara idan an yanke peran a cikin ɗaki tare da kwandishan. Hakanan, zaku iya fuskantar matsala yayin yada fuchsia a cikin faduwar. Haƙiƙar ita ce cewa fuchsia tana da lokacin hutawa, wanda zai ƙare daga tsakiyar Oktoba zuwa ƙarshen Janairu. A wannan lokacin, duk matakai masu mahimmanci a fuchsia suna ragewa.
Fuchsia. © Gidan wutaHanya ta biyu don yaduwar fuchsia ta yanke. Yanyan itacen Fuchsia da aka yanyanka ana dasa su nan da nan cikin wani gurbin (wannan na iya zama kwamfutar peat, da vermiculite, perlite, sphagnum). Rashin kyawun wannan hanyar ita ce cewa an saka peranan fuchsia ba tare da Tushen ba a cikin greenhouse, saboda fuchsia ganye dole rasa turgor. Amma fuchsias sosai da sauri samun saba ga greenhouse, i.e. zuwa girman zafi. Lokacin da lokaci ya zo, ya kamata a cire tushen furanni daga cikin greenhouse, kuma zaku sami daidaita da su na ɗan lokaci zuwa yanayin zafi na al'ada. Yankakken fuchsia mara izini na iya rasa wasu turgor yayin canjin yanayi.
Farfagandar fuchsia da tsaba.
Wannan mawuyacin, amma babu shakka hanya mafi ban sha'awa na yaduwar fuchsia yana da ma'ana don amfani kawai don dalilai na kiwo.
Dole ne a kiyaye furewar mahaifiyar fuchsia daga yiwuwar pollination na kai. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a cire yiwuwar pollination na fure na fuchsia ta kwari. Sabili da haka, a cikin wata sabuwar fure, har ma mafi kyau a cikin fure mai fure, ba a cire anthers a hankali kuma a cire su. A kan stigma na kwaro ne amfani da pollen na mahaifan fuchsia shuka. Abu na gaba, ware fure ta hanyar sanya jaka a rufe - wannan zai hana bazatar da pollination ta hanyar kwari. Za'a iya gina jakar insulating ta hanyoyi masu kyau - takarda, masana'anta, adana zaren a kusa da fure.
Fuchsia. Ig Spigoo'Ya'yan itacen Fuchsia suna tono tsawon makonni da yawa.
An yanke 'ya'yan itace Fuchsia a hankali kuma an fitar da tsaba. Yanzu suna buƙatar bushewa. Bayan kwana daya ko biyu, tsaba zasu bushe kuma ana iya shuka su. Fuchsia tsaba suna a saman saman dan kadan moistened, ba tare da kunsawa cikin kasar gona. Dole ne a sanya jita-jita iri a cikin greenhouse, a cikin wani wuri mai haske a zazzabi a ɗakin. Harbi na tsaba fuchsia zai bayyana a cikin makonni biyu. Kimanin wata daya da rabi ko seedlings biyu nutse, dasa shuki riga riga a mafi nisa daga juna. Bayan wata biyu, ana iya dasa shuki a cikin kofuna daban. Kafin matasa cire fuchsia shuke-shuke an cire daga greenhouses, dole ne a hankali saba da saba zafi. 'Ya'yan ƙwayoyin fuchsia da ba a kula da su ba suna iya lalata sosai kuma har ma sun mutu idan an yi watsi da karbuwa.
Iri da iri
Babban daji mai fure a cikin akwati, shtamb ko felsia felsia zai yi ado da kowane veranda, terrace ko lawn, yana da mahimmanci kawai don zaɓar iri-iri da dama da wuri.
Fuchsia MagellanicMafi shahararrun fuchsia a cikin ƙasarmu tana da kyau fuchsia (Fuchsia speciosa), wanda kuma matasan ne (Fuchsia hybrida) - sakamakon gicciye Fuchsia fulgens x Fuchsia splendens (mai haske fuchsia fuchsia mai haske).
Koyaya, akwai nau'ikan da suka bunkasa, alal misali, Alpine fuchsia Magellanic (Fuchsia Magellanica), ire-irenta fuchsia mai kyau (Fuchsia gracilis) da ricarton (Fuchsia magellanica “Riccartonii”) - magabatan na da ire-iren sanyi, da kuma zafin melanifolia (Fuchsia fucia) , Bolivian (Fuchsia boliviana) da fuchsia mai ganye guda uku (Fuchsia triphylla), wanda ya ba da haɓakar-trifill-hybrids.
Fuchsia itace mai ganye uku. Les gelesDuk waɗannan nau'ikan daji bushes ne daga 70 cm zuwa 2.5 m tsayi. Rassan na iya zama mai ƙarfi ko daskararru. Ya danganta da wurin da ƙarfinsu, tsirin zai zama mai ɗaure ko yaɗuwa.
Daga cikin nau'ikan trifill hybrids da fuchsia matasan iri, akwai kuma waɗanda ke hawa. Hakanan akwai nau'i mai ban mamaki "tsagewa" tare da tsayi mai tsayi (har zuwa 2 m), yayi kama da kama da fuchsia m. Daga cikin nau'ikan halittar trifill, wannan shine Mantilla iri-iri.
A fuchsia na daji Bolivia, inflorescences an yi wa ado - gungu na fure-tubular tsayi a ƙarshen tsayi (har zuwa 30 cm) peduncles.
Uku-ganye fuchsia furanni densely zama a ƙarshen harbe. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire ana shuka su ne a cikin kwandunan rataye da akwatunan baranda.
Fuchsia Magellanic "Riccartonii". DuchyofcornwallCutar da kwari
Farar fata
Mafi kyawun kwaro na fuchsia shine fari.
Waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan (har zuwa 2mm) kwari na farin launi. Sun samo asalinsu ne saboda duka biyun fikafikan su an rufe su da fararen fure. A waje yayi kama da kwayar zarra. Manyan lardunan waɗannan kwari, manya da larvae suna zaune a ƙasan ganye. Suna da sauƙin gani domin lokacin da yake girgiza ganyen tsire-tsire, kwari za su bushe.
Tsutsa yana da shekaru 4. A farkon tana da hannu, tare da kafafu da eriya. Aikinta shine neman wurin da ya dace don haɗawa da takardar.
A shekaru masu zuwa, tsutsawa ya rigaya ya fara motsi: yana tsaye da “sandunsa” ga ganyen kuma yana tsotse ruwan ruwan ta hanyar zane a jikin fatar. A wannan lokacin, tsutsa yayi kama da sikelin ɗakin kwana.
A lokacin haila taro, irin wannan sikelin larvae rufe ganye. Sakamakon wannan cutar shine yellowing na ganye, yanke furanni, bushewa daga cikin harbe. Kamar sauran kwari masu tsotsa, whiteflies suna ɓoye lamunin mai dadi, wanda akan sa namomin kaza mai narkewa. Har yanzu whitefly yana da ha ari a matsayin mai ɗaukar ƙwayoyin cuta - cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta.
A shekaru na hudu, tsutsa ya juya zuwa cikin chrysalis. Yana canzawa sosai, ya zama convex, opaque, an rufe shi da ɓoyayyen kakin zuma daga sama.
Fuchsia Rapunzel. © vanmeuwenBayan jujjuyawar, sai itacen ya koma cikin kwari.
Akwai nau'ikan fararen fata: Citrus, greenhouse, taba.
Citrus whitefly yana cutar da bishiyoyi masu ban tsoro da shukakansu a kudu na Kraasar Krasnodar da kuma a cikin gidajen ƙasa.
Greenhouse whitefly shine asalin asalin wurare masu zafi. A cikin filin ba overwinter. Amma a cikin gidajen katako yana lalata duk shekara. Yana ba zamaninsu 5-7 a kowace shekara.
Taba (ko auduga) - na waje baya bambanta da greenhouse, amma yana da wasu fasali na haɓaka. Yana da tsayayya sosai ga magungunan kashe qwari.
Matakan sarrafawa
Ana samun sakamako mai kyau ta sau 3-4 na kowane tsiro tare da shiri "Aktara". (4g na maganin a kowace lita 5 na ruwa)
Ruwan tsirrai na zama mai mutu'a ga kwari. Da yawa magani wajibi ne domin kawai wadanda matakai na kwaro cewa ciyar a kan shuka ruwan itace mutu bayan magani.
Zai fi kyau maye gurbin magani tare da shirye-shiryen “Aktara” da “Confidor”. Tun da amfani da magani ɗaya kawai zai iya ba da gudummawa ga fitowar tsararraki mai ɗorewa na kwaro.
Wanke tsirrai tare da maganin sabulu shima ya dace da kwari. Wannan maganin ya kamata a barshi a kan shuka na tsawon awa 1, sannan sai a shafa mai da ruwa mai ruwa mai ruwa sosai ta hanyar wanke larvae a jikin bangon ganyen.
Don rage yawan manya, zaku iya amfani da tarkuna masu launin rawaya-rami, inda kwari suka faɗi, ana cikin damuwa da girgiza ciyawar. Amma amfani da kwari kawai yana ba da tabbacin sakamako.
Fuchsia “Uwargida cikin baƙi”. © vanmeuwenRed gizo-gizo mite
Wannan karamin kwari ne na arthropod (0.25-0.4 mm) mai launi ja, wanda aka samo akan ƙasan ganye.
Kaska tana tsotse ruwan juji daga shuka. Fuskokin ganye an fara rufe shi da dige ɗaya, a hankali lalacewar yankin yana ƙaruwa, aibobi sun haɗu, ganyayyakin sun zama rawaya kuma suka mutu. Shafin yanar gizo wanda ba a iya ganin shi wani lokacin yana bayyana a ƙarƙashin ganyayyaki. Mafi sau da yawa, kaska tana aiki a cikin yanayin bushewa a zazzabi na shuka.
Matakan sarrafawa
- Don aiwatar da (fesa) shuka tare da shirye-shiryen “Agravertin”, “Fitoverm”, “Confidor”.
- Cire ganye mai ganye.
Yin rigakafin: Mitar yaduwa ta fuchsia akai-akai tare da ruwan dumi.
Fuchsia “Blue Angel”Tushen lalata
Fuchsia tana ƙaunar yawan ruwa da kuma na yau da kullun, amma wani lokacin daga wuce gona da iri a cikin fuchsia, lalacewar tushen cututtukan fata da ke faruwa. Wadannan alamomin suna nuna wannan: ganyayyaki sun zama suna bazuwa kuma sun rasa luster, duk da busasshen ƙasa. Shuka ta mutu da sauri
Matakan sarrafawa
- Abin takaici, tsire-tsire mafi yawan lokuta baza'a iya samun ceto ba, ko dai ta hanyar yin amfani da ruwa ko ta hanyar dasawa. Ko da yanke daga irin wannan tsire-tsire, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba zai sake yin tushe ba.
