Shin gandun daji a Afirka zasu shuɗe?

Duniyarmu ba ta da lafiya kuma sanadin cutar da kowa ya san kowa - wannan ita ce lalata muhalli, ta hanyar amfani da albarkatun kasa. Tabbas, an yi abubuwa da yawa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, musamman a ƙasashe masu tasowa, don dawo da kiyaye yanayin. Koyaya, damuwar da kwararrun suka nuna ya zama barata.

Sakamakon binciken da aka gudanar dangane da bikin tunawa da shekaru 10 na Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, an zartar da hukunci mai zafi: ana aiwatar da ayyukan lalata al'adun ƙasashe masu tasowa. Ana sare gandun daji duk shekara a wani yanki mai girman hekta miliyan 10 zuwa 15. A wasu ƙasashe (Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Brazil) duk bishiyoyi an sare su da bulldozer, ba tare da bambancin shekaru da nau'in halitta ba. A kasashen Yamma da Tsakiyar Afirka, dazuzzuka suma suna ja da baya sakamakon yaudarar su. Wasu nau'ikan bishiyoyi masu mahimmanci da mahimmanci suna fuskantar barazanar lalata. Idan yanzu ana ci gaba da amfani da dukiyar dajin, zai lalace a kasa da karni guda.

Duk wannan yana barazanar mummunan haɗarin tattalin arziki da sakamako na muhalli. Theasa mai ƙeƙasasshiyar ƙasa, rana tana samin wuta, tana da haɗarin lalacewa. Ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya yana kwashe filayen abinci, yana haifar da kwari, ya haifar da ambaliya. Aruwa, saboda yawan jama'a, akwai karancin itacen katako don mai. A cikin Afirka, itacen da ake amfani da itace don dafa abinci da don dumama a yanzu ya kai kashi 90% na yawan amfani da katako. Bugu da kari, kowace shekara sakamakon gobarar daji, ciyayi yakan mutu a adadin da yayi daidai da tan miliyan 80 na abinci: wannan zai isa ya ciyar da dabbobi miliyan 30 a lokacin rani.

Matsayin gurbacewar muhalli ya karu musamman. Cibiyoyin hakar ma'adanai, haɓakar mai da matatun mai, manyan mashigai, kamar Casablanca, Dakar, Abidjan, Legas, dukkansu cibiyoyin gurɓataccen masana'antu ne. Misali, a cikin Boke (Guinea), kashi 20% na bauxite an canza su yayin harbe-harben zuwa ƙura mai kyau, wanda, yadu cikin yanayi, ke gurbata iska.

Wadanne matakai aka dauka a Afirka don magance wannan hadarin tunda an kirkiro Shirin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya shekaru 30 da suka gabata?

Wasu jihohin Afirka, musamman na Kongo, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Maroko, Nigeria, Zaire, sun kirkiro ma'aikatun muhalli. Sauran ƙasashe yanzu sun sadaukar da sabis na fasaha don magance waɗannan batutuwan. Zaire ya kirkiro Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi ta Kasa a shekarar 1969, wacce ke kula da wuraren shakatawa da dama na kasar, wadanda suka hada da National Park na Solonga, wadanda ake dauka a matsayin babbar reshen daji a duniya. Senegal ta samar da filin shakatawa na Nyokol-Koba, Kamaru - Vasa Nature Reserve. Bugu da kari, a kasashe da yawa (Ghana, Nigeria, Habasha, Zambia, Swaziland), an hada taken taken muhallin a cikin tsarin makarantu.

An bayyana tushen tushen hadin gwiwar tsakanin Afirka a fannin kiyaye dabi'ar. Misali, kasashe 16 na bakin teku na Yammaci da Tsakiyar Afirka sun sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar hadin gwiwa a cikin Kare da Kawo Yankin Mahalli da Yankunan bakin teku na wadannan bangarorin guda biyu, kazalika da Yarjejeniyar ta taimaka wajen magance gurbatar yanayi idan ana cikin gaggawa.