Irga, ko Yuni Berry

Yawancin lokaci yana faruwa da muke bi da tsire-tsire masu ƙima waɗanda ke buƙatar kulawa ta yau da kullun, kulawa da su, da kuma unpretentious - ba tare da kulawa da yawa ba, har ma da wasu sakaci. Irga kawai irin wannan al'ada ce. Wani daji na irgi yawanci ana shuka shi wani wuri a gefen shafin, a cikin kusurwar da ba ta dace ba.

A halin yanzu, wannan tsire-tsire ne na musamman, kuma a cikin ƙasashe da yawa an girma shi azaman tsire-tsire mai ado. Idan kayi zurfin zurfafa bincike akan irga, to wannan shine ciyawar Mayu, lokacin da kudan zuma suke aiki akan dajin, kwatankwacin fure irin ceri; A cikin kaka, ya fito fili saboda kyawawan launuka, ruwan rawaya-ja. Irga tana jan hankalin tsuntsaye zuwa gonar, 'Ya'yanta suna ƙaunarta - ba za a iya jan su daga kurmi tare da furanni masu launin shuɗi ba.

Irga ɗan Asiya ne. © KENPEI

Bayanin Irgi

Irgi suna da sunaye da yawa. Callasar Ingila ta kira shi shadbush (inuwa shrub), juneberry (Berry watan Yuni), serviceberry (berry lafiya). Daya daga cikin sunayen - currant-itace (kirfa) - ya zo daidai da Rasha. An ba shi don kama da berries tare da ƙananan baƙar fata 'ya'yan inabi na Rum. A Rasha, sau da yawa suna cewa: Berry giya, Berry Berry. A Arewacin Amurka, an san shi da saskatoon. Sunan Provençal sunan amelanche daga amelar, wanda yake nufin "kawo zuma".

Genus Irga (Amelanchier) nasa ne a gidan Rosaceae (Rosaceae) kuma ya haɗa da kusan nau'ikan 18 (bisa ga wasu bayanan, har zuwa 25), yawancin abin da ke girma a cikin Arewacin Amurka. Suna jin girma a gefen gandun daji, a cikin farin ciki, a kan dutsen mai dutsen mai faɗi, tashi zuwa tsayi na 1900 m, har ma a cikin yanayin yankin tundra.

A kan ƙasar Rasha Irga yana zagaye-da-leaved (Amelanchier rotundifolia), wanda ya zo mana daga Crimea da Caucasus. Hakanan a cikin ƙasarmu an gabatar da kusan nau'ikan goma a cikin al'adu, gami da Irga spiky (Amelanchier spicata), Irga na Kanada (Amelanchier canadensis), jini-ja irga (Amelanchier sanguine) Yawancin lokaci sukan “gudu” daga shinge kuma suna gudu daji. Tsuntsaye “suna taimakawa” wurin daidaita al'adun, don haka ana iya samun igra a gefen gandun daji, a cikin zurfafa.

Dole ne mutum ya dasa ta - kuma za ta kula da kanta. Ba ta tsoron fari da iska, duk wata ƙasa da ta dace, idan ba kawai fadama ba ce, yanayin hunturu ne sosai. Bayani game da irin wannan rayuwa mai sauki ne: tushen irigi ya shiga zurfin mita biyu ya kuma yada zuwa cikin radiyo na biyu - biyu da rabi. Sabili da haka, yana yarda da shading, gurɓatar iskar gas, baya fama da kwari da cututtuka, ya girma cikin hanzari, kuma yana yarda da aski.

Wani fa'ida ita ce karko. Bushesarshen bushes ya rayu har zuwa shekaru 60-70, kuma gangar jikin (ee, tsintsiya - tsirrai masu tsiro na iya yin kama da itaciya na ainihi har zuwa 8 m high kuma suna da kututtukan 20-25) - har zuwa shekaru 20. A ƙarshe, irga shine ƙwayar zuma mai ban mamaki.

Amma a cikin wannan ganga na zuma, har yanzu akwai tashi a cikin maganin shafawa: irgi (musamman ma ƙarancin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta a cikin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta) yana da yawan ƙwayar tushe, dole ne suyi yaƙi da shi koyaushe. Bugu da kari, bai kamata ku dasa shukar wannan shuki kusa da filin ajiye motoci ba: aibobi daga gangarwar berries na iya lalata bayyanar motar wuta. Af, idan sun fada kan hanyar da aka yi da dutse mai sauƙi, ita ma za ta sha wahala.

Kanada Irga ta Kanada. © KENPEI

Dabi'un don narkar irgi

Bukatun: Irga - al'ada ce wacce ke nuna yanayin girma, yanayin hunturu (mai jure sanyi har zuwa -40-50 ° C). Forasar don irgi ba ta taka muhimmiyar rawa ba, kodayake mafi kyawun ci gaba da haɓaka na berries za'a iya samu ne kawai a kan m loamy da yashi loamy sod-podzolic kasa waɗanda suke isasshen danshi. Irga, kamar kowane ɗan itacen bishiyoyi, ya fi son wuraren haske, amma ba ya son hasken rana kai tsaye.

Irga itace mai jure yanayin-fari da kuma jurewa fari. Ana iya dasa shi tare da shinge akan kowane ƙasa, amma yana ci gaba mafi kyau akan ƙasa mai ƙima tare da tsaka tsaki "mai ba da amsa ga muhalli."

Saukowa: Hanyar dasa shuki ta irgi babu banbanci da dasa sauran tsiran bishiyoyi. Hanyar pre-dasa ƙasa shiri iri ɗaya ne na currants da gooseberries. An dasa su tare da tsiran saplings na shekaru 1-2 a cikin bazara ko kaka 5-8 cm zurfi fiye da yadda suka girma a cikin gandun daji, don haɓaka ƙwayar tushen ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. Tsarin da aka saba na saukowa da irgi 4-5 x 2-3 m.

Hakanan ana shuka shi tare da shinge a cikin tsarin duba, tare da nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire a cikin layuka daga 0.5 zuwa 1.8 m.

A kan wani makirci na mutum, ya isa ya dasa tsire-tsire 1-2, keɓewa a ƙarƙashin kowane game da 16 m2 a kan ƙasa mai amfani da loamy kuma har zuwa 6-9 m2 akan ƙaramar yashi. Ana sanya ciyawar Irgi a cikin ramuka na dasawa tare da faɗin 50-80 da zurfin 30-40 cm. Bayan dasa, ana shayar da tsire-tsire (8-10 l na ruwa a kowace rami na dasa), ƙasa an mulched da ƙasa ɗaya, peat ko humus, kuma ɓangaren iska yana taqaita zuwa 10 cm barin sama da ƙasan ƙasan 4-5 cike da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta.

Irga yana zagaye-da-leaved

Kula da Irga

Irga yana da tushe sosai, a zahiri baya buƙatar barin. Tare da isasshen ruwa, ana samarwa da haɓaka sosai. Don yin daji da karfi, yanke tsoffin tsoffin akwati, cire rassan tsayi da yawa, rauni, mara lafiya da fashe harbe.

Dabbobi daisies suna yaduwa ta zuriya. An shuka su a cikin shiri sosai, takin ƙasa, an shayar da su sosai. Harbi yakan bayyana a cikin kaka, ba sau da yawa a cikin bazara mai zuwa. A cikin shekara guda, zaku iya samun shekarun shekara ɗaya waɗanda suka dace da dasa shuki a cikin dindindin.

Iri daban-daban Jirgi suna yaduwa ta hanyar grafting tare da graft. A matsayin jari, ana amfani da bishiyoyin rowan shekaru biyu. Alurar riga kafi ne da za'ayi a girman game da 10-15 cm a lokacin bazara kwarara kwarara. Idan kana son samun daidaitaccen tsari, to, ana yin maganin ne a tsayin 75-80 cm.

Irga tana bada 'ya'ya, ko da kuwa an shuka daji guda daya kacal a cikin lambu. Girbi yana ba kowace shekara. An girbe berry daga farkon zuwa tsakiyar Yuli, yawanci a cikin matakai da yawa, saboda ba su yi girma a lokaci guda. Af, 'ya'yan itacen' ya'yan itacen-Berry suna da matukar ƙaunar tsuntsaye, wanda, gabaɗaya, ba abin mamaki bane - suna da daɗi, tare da fata mai laushi, tare da ɗan ƙaramin ɗanɗanar kirfa, suna kama da shudin fure don dandanawa.

Ripening Berry Berry. Mariluna

Mai jan tsami

Zai fi kyau a samar da maciji a cikin wani nau'in daji mai tsalle-tsalle daga harbe mai ƙarfi. Mai rauni harbe an yanke gaba daya.

A cikin shekaru 2-3 na farko bayan dasawa, irgi ya bar duk ƙararraki mai ƙarfi, kuma a cikin shekaru masu zuwa - harbe 2-3. Tsarin daji da aka kafa yakamata ya kasance yana da rassa 10-15 na shekaru daban-daban. Bayanin pruning na gaba ya ƙunshi cire adadin ƙwayar Tushen mai rauni, mai rauni, mara lafiya, da karyewa, da tsoffin rassa, tare da maye gurbinsu da adadin tushen da ya dace da karfi. Tare da lalacewa a cikin ci gaba da rassa 1 lokaci a cikin shekaru 3-4, ana aiwatar da girkin anti-tsufa a kan itace mai shekaru 2-4. Don saurin kulawa da girbi, tsayin daka yana iyakance ta hanyar girbi.

Lokacin da aka sare da itacen daji, ana cire yalwar tushe, yana barin kowace shekara sama da harbe 2-3 a ƙari a cikin abun da ke cikin daji, gaba ɗaya yakamata a sami ɓarnukan 10-15 a cikin daji. Tsarin tsirrai yana iyakance ga pruning a matakin 2-2.5 M; lokaci-lokaci ana yin amfani da rigakafin tsufa. Irga yana girma sosai bayan tsabtace shi kuma ya tsiro da kansa ta wurin zuriyarsa.

Girbi

'Ya'yan itãcen irgi sun girma a lokaci guda a kan goga, ba shi da matsala don girbi, amma yana ba da ɗanɗano zuwa launinsu: suna farawa daga mafi yawan' ya'yan itatuwa a gindin inflorescence-goga, a hankali suna canza launinsu daga ja zuwa duhu purple. Ana yin girbi a matakai da yawa kamar yadda berries ɗin suka yi girma. Berries don amfani da sabo za'a iya adana shi don kwanaki 2-3 a zazzabi a ɗakin. Lokacin da aka ajiye shi a cikin firiji a 0 ° C, wannan lokacin yana ƙaruwa sosai. Babban lalacewar amfanin gona ne ya haifar da tsuntsaye, musamman ma angarorin tsauni. Tsuntsaye suna fara cin 'ya'yan itatuwa tun kafin su girma.

Abubuwan amfani masu amfani da kuma amfani da iergi

Abun ciki: Fruitsa fruitsan Irgi suna ɗauke da sukari (galibi glucose da fructose), ƙananan adadin ƙwayoyin Organic. A lokacin tumatir, berries suna tara furotin C mai yawa. Suna kuma ɗauke da bitamin A, B, B2, carotene, tannins, salts ma'adinai, abubuwan da aka gano - jan ƙarfe, baƙin ƙarfe, cobalt, iodine, manganese. Tartness da astringency ba berries tannins. Tastean itaciyar ɗanɗano kaɗan acidic ne, tunda suna da ɗan ƙaramin ƙwayoyin halitta, kuma kusan rabin wannan adadin ana samun su da haɗari.

Giya na gida, jam, jam, marshmallow, compote, jelly, 'ya'yan itace candied an yi su ne daga jirgi. Berries za a iya daskarewa, bushe, gwangwani. Ruwan 'ya'yan itace ya ɓarke da kyau mako guda bayan ɗaukar' ya'yan itacen.

'Ya'yan itãcen kowane nau'in berry ana cinye shi da ɗanɗano, yana maye gurbinsa da mayya. Jam, jelly, marshmallow, jelly da kuma ingantaccen ruwan inabi na ɗanɗano mai ɗumi da launuka masu launin shuɗi an shirya su daga 'ya'yan itaciya cikakke. A cikin compotes da jam, ana amfani da irgu a cakuda wasu berries da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga yanyanda aka yanyanka kusan ba'a matse shi ba, amma bayan kwanaki 7-10, har zuwa kashi 70% na ruwan' ya'yan itace ana iya narkar dasu daga cikinsu.

Godiya ga abubuwa masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke cikin 'ya'yan itacen, bergha yana da kaddarorin kayan warkarwa. Ruwan 'ya'yan itace yana hana kwayar cutar jini. Ana amfani da ganyayyaki don rigakafin cututtukan peptic, a matsayin wakili na gyaran jiki da kuma azaman anti-mai kumburi lokacin da ake wanke bakin; su magani ne ga cututtukan gum, cututtukan ido, da amfani ga rikice-rikice na ƙwayar hanji (azaman wakilin anti-mai kumburi).

Nau'in Irgi

Irga yana yin kwalliyar lawn gida, gidaje, lambuna da murabba'ai a Amurka da Turai, a Minaramar Asiya da arewacin Afirka. Irga dai ya shahara sosai har wa yau kuma ana noma shi a cikin lambunan gida da kuma a gonakin kasuwanci. A cikin shekaru 60 da suka gabata, Kanada ta kasance cibiyar ayyukan kiwo, inda aka samo iri iri: Altaglow tare da fararen fruitsa ,an itaciya, manyan burgan gwal, fure Pembina, Smokey tare da fararen .an itace. Hunturu-Hardy da zaki sun tabbatar da kyau: 'Moonlake', 'Nelson', 'Stardzhion', 'Slate', 'Regent', 'Honwood'. Amma muna da duk waɗannan nau'ikan waɗannan ƙananan.

Lokacin sayen shrimp, har yanzu dole ne mu tsare kanmu ga zaɓin nau'in. Ga kadan daga cikin mahimmancin sha'awa, duka al'adun gargajiyar biredi da na ado:

Irga alder (Amelanchier alnifolia) - Multi-stemmed shrub har zuwa 4 m high tare da m duhu m haushi. Ganyen suna elliptical, kusan kewaye, a cikin fall fentin mai haske rawaya. Furanni farare ne, masu kamshi mai daɗi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne mai ruwan hoda, tare da diamita zuwa 15 mm da taro mai har zuwa 1.5 g, mai daɗi sosai. Tare da kulawar da ta dace, shuka mai shekaru 7-8 na iya samar da kilogram 10 na berries.

Kanada Irga ta Kanada (Amelanchier canadensis) - tsayi (har zuwa 8 m) itace-kamar ciyawa mai rassa tare da rassan bakin ciki. Ganyayyaki matasa suna ruwan hoda, ko shunayya ko jan ƙarfe, a faɗuwar duhu duhu ko ruwan lemo. Furanni suna da yawa, a cikin sako-sako da yawa har zuwa 28-30 mm a diamita. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna da daɗi, tare da ɓangaren litattafan almara mai duhu mai launin shuɗi, masu nauyin har zuwa g 1. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa shine kilogiram 6 a kowane daji.

Irga jini ja(Amelanchier sanguine) - siririn shuki har zuwa 3 m high tare da rawanin hauhawa. Ganyen yana da m-tsawon, 5.5 cm tsayi .. launi mai haske mai haske na ganye ya canza zuwa orange a cikin kaka. Furanni suna da yawa, tare da fure mai fure. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari zuwa 0.7 g, mai dadi, mai daɗi, duhu - kusan baƙar fata. Girbi har zuwa 5 kg a kowace shuka.

Daga irgi kyawawan shinge ana samun su. Ana amfani dashi don solitaire da tsire-tsire iyaka. Za'a iya yin samfuran ban sha'awa daga nau'ikan iergi. Don kayan lambu na kayan ado, irga na Kanada, spikelet, da Lamarck irga (Amelanchier lamarckii) kuma mai santsi (Amelanchier laevis).