Hellebore fure yana cikin dangin herbaceous perennials na rukuni na Ranunculaceae, a cewar bayanai masu yawa, daga nau'ikan 15 zuwa 21, suna girma a wurare masu tsaunuka a Turai. Yawancin nau'in hellebore suna kan yankin Balkan.
Moroznik: hoto da kwalliyar fure
Tall hellebore na iya kaiwa 21-55 cm. Dankin yana da kauri da gajerun tsummoki, mai rauni mai sauki da tushe. Ganyen yana da dogon tsami, fata, almara, busar ko dabino. Fure mai siffar fure a kan dogon tsayin daka a saman kara daga farkon lokacin bazara har zuwa lokacin bazara.
Abinda mutane da yawa suke ɗaukar don furannin fure shine ainihin sepals, kuma filayen sun canza zuwa zama nectaries. Wasannin furanni na hellebore sun haɗa da launuka da fari, launin rawaya mai taushi, ruwan hoda, tawada, shuɗi, shunayya, akwai nau'ikan launuka biyu. Tsarin furanni yana da fara'a mai sauƙi.
Farkon furanni na daji ya sanya shi ƙaunatacciyar shuka ce da aka dade ana jiranta ga yawancin lambu waɗanda, bayan launin hunturu mara launi da tsayi, suna farin ciki don kallon yadda muscari, hyacinths, blueberries, fure mai bazara, alatu da kuma, ba shakka, bishiyoyin hellebore suna bayyana a gonar. Baya ga farkon fure, wannan shuka yana da fa'idodi mai kyau fari da tsananin sanyi lokacin sanyi. Amma ga waɗanda suke so su dasa hellebore a kan mãkirci akwai gargadi ɗaya: kamar kowane shuka na buttercup, yana da guba sosai!
Moroznik: dasa shuki da kulawa da fure
Hellebore dasa
A wani wuri, shuka yana girma na kimanin shekaru 8, kuma tunda hellebore bai yarda da dasawa da kyau ba, ya zama dole a kusanci zaɓin wurin don dasa shuki fure mai matukar kulawa. Hellebore yana haɓaka mafi kyau a sako-sako, m, drained-lãka ƙasa amsa tsaka tsaki a cikin inuwa m, a tsakanin bishiyoyi da bushes. Jirgin sama mai ban sha'awa yana da ban sha'awa lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ƙananan rukuni - tsibiri mai haske a bango na gona mai danshi ko dusar ƙanƙara. Hellebore dasa yana faruwa a watan Satumba ko Afrilu.
An yi rami don dasawa a cikin girman 35x35x35 tare da nisan 40 cm tsakanin bushes. Rabin ramin ya cika da taki. Bayan haka, bayan saukar da tushen a cikin ramin, a hankali riƙe fure a hannu ɗaya, na biyu kuma cika ramin da ƙasa, rago da ruwa. Tsawon wata daya, bayan dasa shuki, shuka yana da matukar amfani kuma yayi yawa.
Hellebore kula
Kula da wannan shuka abu ne mai sauki: in bazara, kafin fure, ya zama dole a cire duk tsoffin ganye domin hana lalacewar furanni da ganyen matasa na daji ta hanyar kamuwa da cuta. Matasan ganye suna bayyana akan daji sai bayan fure. Lokacin da furanni suka bushe, ciyawa a ƙasa kusa da shuka takin da aka bazu ko peat. A lokacin rani, hellebore yana buƙatar loosening, weeding da watering watering, kazalika da koto tare da ma'adinan ma'adinai da abincin kashi sau biyu a kakar.
Kiwo
An shuka tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu yawa kuma duk da haka, kodayake, a matsayin mai mulkin, ana amfani da iri iri na haifuwa. An shuka tsaba na shuka don shuka nan da nan bayan ripening da girbi - mafi yawan lokuta wannan yakan faru ne a tsakiyar bazara - zuwa zurfin 2 cm a cikin m, humus, ƙasa maras kyau. Harbe, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya bayyana ta Afrilu na gaba shekara.
Lokacin da seedlings girma kuma suna samar da nau'i-nau'i na ganye, tsire-tsire suna nutse cikin gado na fure, wanda yake a cikin inuwa m, kuma yayi girma akan shi tsawon shekaru 2-3. Wannan daji daga tsaba zai yi fure kawai bayan shekaru 3, lokacin da hellebore ya ɗauki tushe a wurin dindindin na namo, inda dole ne a dasa shi a watan Satumba ko Afrilu. Wannan nau'in fure, kamar hellebore mai ƙanshi, yana yaduwa ta hanyar shuka-kai.
Kuna iya yaduwar shuka ta hanyar rarraba daji. A cikin bazara, lokacin da hellebore ya fadada, ana kwashe tsire-tsire mai shekaru biyar daga ƙasa, an rarraba rhizome na daji zuwa sassa da yawa, sassan an shafa su da kwandon shara da aka dasa cikin ramuka da aka riga aka shirya. Ta hanyar raba daji a bazara, hellebore baƙar fata ke yaduwa, kuma a cikin kaka yana da kyau a raba daji na hellebore na gabas.
Cutar da kwari
Za'a iya lalata injin daskarewa gastropods - katantanwa da kuma katsewar da ke cin abinci a gefenta, haka kuma gauraran hop hoppers, bera da aphids. Ana tattara daskararru da katantanwa da hannu, ana cire mice tare da baits tare da baza guba a shafukan yanar gizon kamannin su, kuma ana amfani da maganin kwari akan kwari: an cire caterpillars ta Actellik aphid - Biotlin ko Antitlin.
Don hellebore daga cututtuka ringting, anthracnose da downy mildew suna da haɗari. Ana daukar aphid a matsayin mai hana sa shinge, wannan shine dalilin da ya sa yana da matukar muhimmanci kada a kyale kasancewarsa a gonar.
An yanke sassan jikin daji da ke dauke da tabo tare da kone su, kuma ana magance gangar jikin da hellebore da fungicides. Anthracnosis ana gano shi ta hanyar bayyananniyar launin ruwan kasa-baki a kan ganye tare da ƙirar ringi mai sauƙi. Rukunin yanar gizon da ke dauke da cutar an cire su, kuma ana kulawa da daji tare da jami'ai waɗanda ke ɗauke da jan ƙarfe. Sabbin ganye ba su bayyana a jikin hellebore da ke fama da fari mildew, kuma waɗanda aka riga aka kirkiran sun lalace, sun zama masu ƙyalli a saman ganyen, kuma a ƙasa - tare da rufin launin toka. Yankunan da ke kamuwa da fure an yanke su, kuma ana ba da hellebore da shafin Bakin koda ko kuma jinin haila ko kuma previkur.
Gabaɗaya, hellebore yana da matuƙar tsayayya da cuta da kwari, kuma ana iya cutar da shi idan an dasa hellebore ko dasa shisshigi ko yanayin girma na furanni lokaci-lokaci, alal misali, a cikin wurin da acidity mai ƙasa sosai. Yi bincike a kan acidity na ƙasa: ɗauki samfurin ƙasa daga wani mãkirci wanda yake kusan rabin teaspoon a ƙara, zuba shi a kan gilashin ƙasa mai duhu, kuma zuba ɗan ƙaramin vinegar. Idan samuwar kumfa yana da mahimmanci, wannan yana nufin cewa ƙasa a kan shafin yanar gizon alkaline ce, idan ta tsakiya tana tsaka tsaki ne, kuma idan babu kumfa, to kuna buƙatar ƙara gari dolomite, itacen ash ko lemun tsami mai tsami a wurin.
Yaushe kuma yadda ake tattara tsaba?
Shuke-tsiren tsirrai sun girma daga ƙarshen bazara zuwa farkon faɗuwa, amma kwatsam ba a buɗe buɗewar ba, sai tsaba suka zube a shafin. Don hana wannan, saka kwalaye marasa amfani masana'anta kuma jira tsaba su girma da zube a cikin. Sannan a bushe tsaba a cikin busasshen wurin da ke bushe kuma yayyafa a cikin jaka. Amma dole ne mu manta cewa tsaba da wannan shuka da sauri rasa germination, saboda haka yana da kyau kada a ajiye su har sai lokacin bazara, amma don shuka nan da nan.
Frost a cikin hunturu
Hellebore wata itaciya ce mai tsaurin sanyi, amma a cikin dusar kankara mai sanyi, kuma zata iya fama da daskarewa, musamman tare da kananan tsire-tsire. Don hana wannan faruwa, cika yankin da hellebore ke tsiro, tare da bushe ganye ko jefa shi tare da rassan spruce.
Moroznik: iri, iri da hotuna
Black baƙar fata
Varietiesaya daga cikin nau'ikan da suka fi dacewa kuma mafi kyau a cikin al'ada, wanda aka samo a cikin yanayin halitta a cikin gandun daji na dutse daga Yugoslavia da Jamus. Wannan bishiyar daji mai tsayi har zuwa 35 cm a girma tare da manyan furanni masu kallo zuwa 9 cm a kewayen, dan kadan pinkish a waje da kuma farin farin ciki, wanda yake a farfajiya 35-64 cm a girman.An shuka ya yi fure tun daga ƙarshen Maris bai ɗan yi makonni biyu ba.
A cikin baƙar fata, baƙin ganye ne mai launin fata, mai yawan gaske, lokacin hunturu, da kyawawan launuka masu launin kore. Juriya hunturu na shuka yana da faɗi sosai - har zuwa -36C. Na nau'o'in, mafi mashahuri: Nigristern da Nigerkors, kuma daga iri:
- Prex - hellebore blooms a ƙarshen Satumba tare da furanni ruwan hoda mai laushi;
- Eich Ji Joshua shine farkon fure wanda ya fara fitowa a watan Nuwamba;
- Potters Zai - shuka tare da furen fari mafi girma a cikin asalin har zuwa 13 cm a kewayen.
Caucasian hellebore
A cikin Caucasian hellebore, doguwar riga mai launin fata mai tsalle-tsalle mai tsayi har zuwa 16 cm a cikin girman, zuwa kashi babba, na iya zama daga 6 zuwa 12, da furanni masu fure, shuɗi mai launin shuɗi ko fari tare da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, har zuwa 9 cm a kewayen, akan farfajiya girman girman 21-52 cm. Wannan tsiron ya tsiro daga farkon Mayu tsawon watanni 1.5. A iri-iri ne hunturu-Hardy. Wannan shine mafi yawan nau'in hellebore mai guba.
Abkhazian hellebore
Kyakkyawan daji tare da farar fata mai launin fari-kore mai launin shuɗi-kore ko kore mai launin shuɗi, shinge mai launin shuɗi-34-45 cm kuma girmansa mai cike da furanni har zuwa 9 cm a girman, wanda a samansa ake ganin alamun rufe duhu. Hellebore blooms daga ƙarshen Maris, yana da siffofin lambu daban-daban, hunturu-Hardy.
Gabashin Moroznik
Wannan itace bishiyar daji mai tsayi har zuwa 35 cm a girma tare da furanni na Lilac har zuwa 6 cm a kewayen. Alas, hellebore ganye na wannan iri-iri sau da yawa cutar fungi. Daga cikin nau'ikan da yawa, shahararrun sune:
- Rock da Roll - wata itaciya wacce aka rufe furanni da ruwan shuɗi;
- White Swan wani tsiro ne mai farar fata;
- Jerin Leydy Hybrid - bushes mai saurin girma cikin furanni tare da furanni 6 launuka daban-daban da farfajiya har zuwa 41 cm tsayi;
- Blue Kowa - furanni masu launin shuɗi mai haske.
Kyakkyawan hellebore
Ganyayyaki suna yin hunturu, tare da kunkuntar kunkuntar ta wata karamar hue mai zurfi da farfajiya wanda ya kai girman 85 cm, wanda akan samu ƙarancin furanni masu ƙarami, masu yawa, furanni masu kararrawa mai launin shuɗi-masu haske-launin ja. Wadannan nau'ikan hellebore zasu iya jure yanayin bushewa a sauƙaƙe. Mafi mashahuri nau'in sune Wester Flisk - m inflorescences, ganye tare da kunkuntar sassan fiye da manyan iri.
Corsican sanyi
Wannan tsiren tsiro na zamani wanda yakai 80 cm a girma, yana haifar da madaidaiciya mai tushe, da sauri yaduba. Green-rawaya furanni na kofin-dimbin yawa nau'i hadaddun manyan goge. Mafi mashahuri iri-iri, Grünspecht - hellebore tare da furanni masu launin shuɗi-ja.
Red Hellebore
Wannan fure yana da tsayi, babba, ganyayen dabino na dabino, ya kasu kashi 6 zuwa 6, mai haske, kyakyawa da kore a sama, kuma mai haske a ƙasa. Drooping, launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi-violet daga waje, furanni har zuwa 5 cm a cikin da'irar ƙanshi mai daɗi, a ciki suna da launi mai launin kore, a hankali kuma gaba ɗaya sun zama kore.
Hanyoyin warkarwa
A cikin magungunan jama'a, ana amfani da kayan warkarwa na baƙar fata da Caucasian hellebores, wanda:
ƙananan karfin jini da sukari na jini;- daidaita hanyoyin tafiyar matakai;
- Tsabtace mafitsara da bututun ƙarfe daga duwatsun, da kuma jijiyoyin jini daga polyps da parasites;
- suna da ƙwayar cuta, diuretic da sakamako na laxative;
- sauƙaƙa migraines;
- bi da ciwon ciki;
- tallafawa aikin tsarin zuciya;
- sauƙaƙa yanayin tare da osteochondrosis, rheumatism, amosanin gabbai da radiculitis;
- kara rigakafi;
- tsarkake jini;
- rushe tasirin tumor a farkon matakin;
- hana oncological da catarrhal cututtuka.
ƙananan karfin jini da sukari na jini;Wannan ba shine cikakkun jerin warkar da kayan shuka ba.
A cikin rawar da albarkatun kasa don shirye-shiryen samfuran magani yi amfani kawai da tushen gubawanda aka girbe bayan iri. An wanke tushen, a yanka, sannan a bushe a 41-44C. Daga gareta suke yin infusions da kayan kwalliya, har da foda wanda yake da mafi kyawun ikon warkarwa.
Amma hellebore yana da da yawa contraindications. Ba za ku iya amfani da kwayoyi daga wannan shuka ba:
- mutane masu cutar hanta;
- mutane masu fama da tachycardia ko kuma ciwon zuciya;
- yara ‘yan kasa da shekara 14;
- mata masu ciki da kuma lokacin shayarwa.
Yawan yawaitar infusus yana haifar da kumburin harshe da makogwaro, ringi a cikin kunnuwa, ƙishirwa, guba mai ƙarfi kuma yana iya haifar da kama zuciya da rushewa. A tsakanin furanni, hellebore yana cikin farkon ta yawan adadin cututtukan zuciya - wani lokacin mutuwa tana faruwa bayan farkon amfani da jiko daga hellebore, sabili da haka, idan kun yanke shawarar amfani da shirye-shirye waɗanda ke dauke da hanyar hellebore, tabbas ku nemi likita.
Gabaɗaya, hellebore fure ne na musamman da kyau, wanda, ban da kyawawan kayan adonsa, shima yana da halayen magani. Kwanan nan, hellebore ya rasa tsohon shahararsa, amma a yau ana iya sake kiransa mafi so na masu noman fure.
