Currant asalin halittar dabi'a ce ta dangin Kryzhovnikov, yana da adadin kusan 200. A cikin karni na XI, wannan tsiro ya zama sananne sosai a cikin Rasha, kuma bayan wannan ya bazu cikin sauri a cikin sauran Turai.
Wannan daji wata gona ce mai matukar dadada, kuma ana samun ta cikin lambuna da yawa. Muna girma ba wai kawai baƙar fata ba, har ma da ja, ruwan hoda, fararen launuka, amma mafi mashahuri shine, ba shakka, baƙar fata, wanda ban da kayansa masu amfani, za'a iya amfani dashi don shirya jita-jita da ruhohi iri-iri.
Blackcurrant iri
Currant Selechenskaya - yana da matsakaici-sized mai yawa, manyan fruitsan fruitsan zaki da ke riawata da wuri.
Selechenskaya currant 2 - Yana kawo manyan amfanin gona, yana jure sanyi da rashin lafiya, ana iya lura cewa kusan ba a taɓa samun mily powdery ba, berries tare da haushi.
Currant Dobrynya - A iri-iri tare da manyan berries da suka ripen a tsakiyar bazara. Yana jure sanyi kuma da wuya yayi rashin lafiya.
Currant vigorous - 'ya'yan itãcen wannan currant su ne manya-manyan, tare da m fata, sosai m. Ripen kusa da Agusta. Abin takaici, yana yiwuwa ga cututtuka kuma yana da matsala wurin haifuwa.
Baguir currant - a sauƙaƙe yana jure sanyi da canje-canje a cikin mazauninsu, kusan babu ruwan acidity da ake ji a cikin berries, amma wannan nau'in kuma yana fama da yawa daga cututtuka da kwari.
Currant Titania - Itacen da ba kasafai yake ciwo tare da mildew powdery, zaki da fruitsa fruitsan itaciya masu ƙima na rashin daidaituwa ba, saboda wannan, ripening shima yana faruwa warwatse.
Currant m kare - da kyau yana tsayayya da sanyi, da daɗewa zai ɗauki terry. Areaukan berries suna da daɗi, amma an ɗora tarawa, kuma girman amfanin gona yawanci ya bambanta.
Currant pygmy - bushes ba su da kauri sosai, ba su yadawa ba, berries suna da girma, mai daɗi, fatar jiki na bakin ciki.
Lu'ulu'u baki mai launin fata - yana da daji mai yaduwa, girman matsakaici, furanni na matsakaici, mai daɗi da ƙwaya. Yana yarda da sanyi sosai, akwai ƙananan haɗarin haɗari ga mildew powdery.
Tsarin kuɗi - da dama tare da matsakaici-sized daji, ba yada sosai, da berries su ne manyan, tare da na bakin ciki fata, sourness, ripen da wuri. Yana jure wa frosts, da wuya sosai fiye da fungi.
Currant sibyl - An farkon iri-iri, quite lokacin farin ciki da ba manya-manyan, tolerates frosts, 'ya'yan itace,' ya'yan itãcen marmari, tare da dandano kayan zaki.
Hercules Currant - 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari da kyau stably, resistant zuwa sanyi, berries su ne manyan, amma m zuwa kaska.
Currant m - yana da farkon farfadowa, manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa tare da fata na bakin ciki, mai daɗi, amma tare da ƙwayar hankali. Abin takaici, yana ɗaukar terry kuma yana ɗaukar sauƙi sauƙin.
Iri daban-daban
Currant vixne - iri-iri ne da farko ripening, yana da daji sosai girma, matsakaici-sized berries, wanda aka kafa mai yawa. Yana da rashi a cikin nau'i na lalacewar aphid mai laushi.
Natalie Currant - wannan inji yana da matsakaita na zamani lokacin yinsa, daji yana da yawa, amma ba ya girma da yawa, berries suna da yawa, amma ja currants, yana da kyau tsayayya da cututtuka da kwari.
Yaren mutanen Holland ja currant - wani tsohon tsufa ne, wanda aka sani tun ƙarni na XVII, yana da manyan bushes, matsakaici da manyan berries, acidic mai adalci, yana da manyan tsaba, yana jure wa daskararru, da wuya yayi rashin lafiya.
Currant Asya - daji ba lokacin farin ciki da kauri ba ne, berries ma na matsakaici ne a ciki, mai daɗi da m tare da yawan zaƙi, mai ɗaci da sauri, inji shine hunturu-Hardy, mai tsayayya wa cuta.
Fararen Currant Versailles - daji sosai m, manyan-sized berries, mai dadi tare da sourness, sanya a kan dogon petioles. Babban ɓarna shine rauni ga anthracnose.
Currant dasa
Shuka da kuma kula da currants suna da halaye na kansu, kamar kowane shuka. Wannan al'ada tana da tsawon rayuwa kuma tana fara bada 'ya'ya sosai a shekara mai zuwa bayan an shuka ta. Idan an lura sosai, to, ɗayan daji na iya bada 'ya'ya har zuwa shekaru 15.
Mafi kyawun lokacin shuka currants shine kaka. Da farko, an zaɓi seedlingsan itacen da suka kai shekara biyu kuma suna da tushen kasusuwa uku. Zaɓi don dasa yakamata a haskaka, ba a ɓoye shi daga wurin zane ba, akan ƙasa mara ruwan acid, wacce take da magudanar ruwa.
Kafin hanya, yana da kyau a ƙara kamar kilo kilo biyu na takin gargajiya zuwa ƙasa, kazalika da takin mai magani na phosphate-potassium (100 g na superphosphate da 30 g na potassium a kowace murabba'in mita ana iya amfani dashi). An tona wurin zuwa zurfin kusan 20 cm.
Sun tona rami kusan 50x50x50, suna ajiye mittani tsakanin tsakanin samfuran. 100 g na superphosphate da 45 g na potassium chloride, da guga na humus, suna haɗe zuwa rijiyar. Don kada takin mai magani ya ƙone tushen tushen, suna buƙatar yayyafa shi da wani yanki na ƙasa na cm 8. Duk wannan ana yin kwanaki 14 kafin dasa.
Ana saukar da Saplings cikin ramuka a wani kusurwa don a saukar da wuyan tushen ta 5 cm. Tushen yana daidaita a hankali kuma an zuba shi cikin ramin rabin guga na ruwa, sannan a hankali yayyafa da ƙasa, a ɗan ɓoye shi kaɗan. Bayan haka, ana yin motiri a kewayen daji kuma an cika shi da ruwa. Bayan duk ayyukan, yana da kyau a rufe ƙasa da ciyawa daga humus.
An dasa mai tushe wanda aka shuka wanda yakai 15 cm na tsawonsu ya ragu, amma kuma domin aƙalla buds 4 akan toho. Za'a iya saka rassan rassan a cikin ƙasa mai laushi, inda akwai yiwuwar su samo asalinsu.
Dasa currants a cikin bazara
Hakanan kuna iya dasa currants a cikin bazara, amma ku tuna cewa kuna buƙatar fara wannan kafin motsi na ruwan 'ya'yan itace da fure a buɗe.
Matsalar dasa shuki a cikin bazara ita ce, wannan ciyawa tana farawa da sauri sosai a lokacin girma kore, kuma ƙasar a wannan lokacin na iya har yanzu ba za ta kasance da isasshen tushe ba. Idan har yanzu kun yanke shawarar yin shi a cikin bazara, to, tono rami shine mafi kyau a cikin fall.
Kulawar Currant
Kulawar Currant ya bambanta dangane da yanayi. A cikin bazara, cire buds kamuwa da kaska ko ma datsa rassan idan akwai kwari da yawa a kansu. Tona ɗan abin shuka ya rufe ƙasa da ciyawa.
Don samar da isasshen ruwa na currants a cikin bazara, lokacin da yake haɓaka taro da fure. Sutura da ƙasa kuma rabu da mu weeds. Gudanar da lura da bazara, wanda za'a tattauna daga baya.
Tare da farkon fure, ya zama dole a bincika furanni kuma a cire waɗannan nin, kuma idan akwai da yawa daga cikinsu, to ya kamata a cire daji gaba ɗaya. Hakanan a cikin bazara kana buƙatar takin mai currant tare da takin nitrogen.
A lokacin rani, shayar da wannan shuka yana da mahimmanci. Za'a tattauna dalla-dalla game da shayarwa a gaba. Tabbatar cewa ciyawar ba tayi girma a shafin ba. Idan kun lura alamun cutar, to nan da nan za ku fara jiyya, amma idan amfanin gona ya kamata ya fara farawa da daɗewa, to ya fi kyau kada ku nemi magunguna.
A lokacin rani, mafi kyawun miya zai zama Organic, wanda dole ne a yi amfani dashi tare da ruwa.
A cikin bazara, lokacin da aka rigaya girbe amfanin gona, yakamata a ci gaba da komai kuma a yi ban ruwa bayan hakan, ƙasa. Kafin isowar Oktoba, ana hadi da tsire tare da takin gargajiya da na ma'adinai kuma a kebe su.
Hakanan a lokacin bazara, ya kamata a aiwatar da kamuwa da cuta don kawar da kwari, hunturu a cikin gawayi da kodan.
Tsarin Lokacin bazara
Don kare bushes daga kwari, kuna buƙatar aiwatar da currants a cikin bazara. Ana yin wannan yawanci ta hanyar fesa shuka tare da ruwa na Bordeaux.
Hakanan zaka iya amfani da magani na bazara tare da ruwan zãfi. Don yin wannan, kumbura tsirrai tare da ruwan zãfi kafin alkawuransu su zube.
Currant watering
Game da dusar ƙanƙara mai zafi a cikin hunturu da bazara, shuka ba zai buƙaci maimaita yawan ruwa ba. In ba haka ba, shawo kan buƙatar buƙatar zama sau da yawa. Watering ya kamata ya zama mai ban sha'awa - saboda ƙasa ta sami rigar ta santimita 30, wannan kusan lita 20 ne a kowace murabba'in muraba'in ƙasa.
Watering ya kamata a yi kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin daji domin danshi ba ya taɓa foliage da berries. Idan ka dasa shuki iri ko launin ja, to lallai suna buƙatar shayar da su sau da yawa.
Miya mai ban sha'awa
Bayan dasa, ba lallai ba ne takin shuki na farko na shekaru biyu, tunda zai sami isasshen abubuwan gina jiki da aka gabatar yayin dasa - sannan za a buƙaci ciyar da shi.
Haɓaka sama da currants a bazara ya ƙunshi takin mai magani na nitrogen. Matasa tsirrai suna buƙatar allurai mafi girma fiye da tsoffin tsufa: har zuwa shekaru 4, an gabatar da 40 g na urea, sannan rabin kawai na wannan kashi.
A cikin bazara, ana gabatar da 5 kilogiram na riguna masu tsayi na gargajiya, da takin gargajiya-phosphorus-potassium ga mutum ɗin.
Currant pruning
Ana buƙatar yankan currants.Wannan ana yin shi ne domin ya kawo kyakkyawan girbin. An kafa mafi girman adadin kwai a kan rassan har zuwa shekaru 5, wanda ke nufin cewa mazan harbe kawai tsoma baki. Duk da haka buƙatar tsabtace shuka daga cututtukan cututtukan da bushe.
A lokacin bazara, kafin a fara motsa ruwan 'ya'yan itace, an yanke sassan daskararre da karye daga rassan. Chinganƙwasa ƙananan twanyun matasa don inganta tillering shima zaɓi ne mai kyau.
Amma babban pruning ne yake aikata a fall. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, lokacin dasa shuki, an yanke mai tushe zuwa cm 15. A shekara ta biyu, an yanke wani ɓangare na harbe, ya bar har zuwa 5 mafi ƙarfi - daga baya za su zama rassan tallafi.
A cikin shekara ta uku da ta huɗu, an kuma cire ciyawar ƙwari, kuma ta riƙe har zuwa 6 mafi ƙarfi. Gwada saboda kada daji ba ya yin kauri kuma ba ya yin awongi da rassa masu rauni. To, amma duk rassan da suka kai shekaru 6 ana share su.
Ya kamata a fitar da daskararre nau'ikan ja da fari a bazara. Babban abubuwan da ke tattare da wannan hanyar ba su bambanta da na dangi baƙar fata. Iyakar abin da bambanci shi ne cewa rassansu ba su shekara shida ba, amma har tsawon shekaru 7.
Currant yaduwa ta hanyar yanke
A matsayin abu don yaduwa, zaku iya amfani da kore da kore mai kauri.
Zai yuwu ku shuka abu duka a damina da damina. Zai fi kyau a fara tattara tsageran da katako tare da isowar hunturu, har sai ƙanƙanana ƙanana kaɗan da ƙodan bazai sha wahala ba. Tsawon rikewar shine kusan 20 cm kuma kusan 1 cm kauri. Ana kulawa da saman da kasan abu tare da paraffin - an yi wannan ne don kiyaye danshi.
An gama kayan da aka gama a cikin takarda mai kaɗa, sannan a nannade cikin oilcloth ko polyethylene kuma a sanya shi cikin firiji ko binne dusar ƙanƙara.
Tare da zuwan bazara, ana dasa twigs a cikin ƙasa tare da gangara na 45 °, ajiye har zuwa 20 cm tsakanin mutane. An sare kasan hannun a wani kusurwa kuma ya makale a cikin kasar har sai wasu ukun biyu ne suka rage a saman sa.
Bayan wannan, ana shayar da makircin kuma an rufe shi da ciyawa, sannan kuma a yi wani nau'in shinkafa, yana rufe kayan tare da tsummokin mai a jikin tallafin, wanda ya ragu har sai ganye ya fara bayyana. Watering dasa ba lallai ba ne mai yawa, amma kuma ba zai yiwu ba ga ƙasa ta bushe.
A lokacin rani, rabu da ƙwanƙwabin ciyawa, yanke ciyawar da takin ƙasa tare da ciyawa. Idan ciyawar ta bunkasa sosai, to za'a iya tura shi zuwa wani wurin wannan faɗuwar, idan ba haka ba, to lallai zai jira shekara mai zuwa. Itace kore ana dasa shukar a cikin greenhouse.
Currant yaduwa ta hanyar layer
Hanyar sauƙaƙan hanyar haifuwa ita ce amfani da saka ƙasa. Kusa da reshe, kuna buƙatar tono rami game da 11 cm zurfi, tanƙwara reshe a can kuma yayyafa tare da ƙasa, amma saboda kusan 20-25 cm daga reshen yana waje.
Haɗa Layer zuwa wani abu don kada ya fitar daga ramin. Kar a manta da a kullum ruwa ake kewaya. Idan an yi komai daidai, to a lokacin bazai yiwu a watsa shi zuwa wani sabon wuri ba.
Cutar da kwari
Pestsaya daga cikin kwari masu hatsari a gare ta ita ce kashin koda. Hakanan yana lalata kodan da sunan sa, sakamakon abin da yawan haɓaka yake raguwa.
Don hana fashewar toho daga haɓaka, ya zama dole don aiwatar da ƙwayar cuta da ƙonewar rassan a cikin bazara, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama. Daga cikin magungunan da kuke buƙatar zuwa acaricides: karbofos, phosphamide, sulfur colloidal.
Idan ka currant juya launin rawaya, to watakila ta rasa danshi ko kuma ta kamu da cutar jijiya mosaic. A wannan yanayin, duk tsire-tsire da abin ya shafa dole ne a hallaka su kuma an kula da wuraren narkar da ƙwayoyin potassium.
Hakanan kuma yana iya zama abin zargi aphids. A wannan yanayin, ya kamata ku nemi maganin kwari, zaku iya kula da shuka tare da soapy ruwa ko jiko na tafarnuwa.
Currant ba ya 'ya'ya:
Idan hakan ta faru, kuna buƙatar waƙa ko an dasa shukar ku akan ƙasa madaidaiciya, tunda ba ta son ƙasa mai acidic. Hakanan yana iya rasa danshi. Wani batun shi ne cewa zazzabi a cikin hunturu ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa - currants mafi yawa suna jure sanyi, amma wannan ya dogara da iri-iri da kuma yanayin sanyi.
Rashin berries na iya haifar da abubuwan da ke sama kashin koda da akwatin gilashi. Idan ka samu fadowa daga kwai da lethargy na ganye, to, zai yuwu cewa an lalata su ta hanyar wannan kwaro. Don kawar da su, ya zama dole don yanke sassan da abin ya shafa, kuma kuyi shafewar da lambun var. Idan ana samun cikakkiyar nasara, kuna buƙatar haɗa dukkanin rassan gaba ɗaya.
Jaza aibobi nuna lalacewar da jan gall aphid ko naman gwari. Idan kun sami wannan aphid, to ku rabu da shi da ikon jiko daga saman tumatir ko taba.
Game da naman gwari, ciwon yakan zama a cikin tsawan yanayi. Don kawar da wannan cutar, ya kamata a kula da tsire-tsire da abin ya shafa da sauri tare da maganin maganin tagulla.
Brown launin toka a kan ganye, wanda ya yi fari a kan lokaci, ana kiransa septoria. Ya bayyana idan aka dasa bushes kuma densely. Idan aibobi suna da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, to wannan shine cercosporosis. Don magance waɗannan aibobi, ana amfani da jiyya sau biyu tare da maganin maganin tagulla (nan da nan da kwana 10 bayan jiyya ta farko).
Wani dalilin stains shine tsatsa. Ya kamata a yi yaƙi tare da fungicides, zalunta tsire-tsire sau da yawa tare da tazara na kwanaki 10.
Wata cuta ce mai haɗarin wannan tsiron Berry powdery mildew, wanda farin jini yake bayyana akan ganye. Idan shuka yana da ƙarfi kuma an kula da shi sosai, to, wataƙila ba zai yi rashin lafiya ba, saboda raɓa ya manne wa ƙazantattun bushes da fari.
Idan an sami wata cuta, bi da bushes tare da phytosporin ko rauni aidin bayani. Idan wannan bai taimaka ba, to, kuna buƙatar amfani da ruwa na Bordeaux ko gwal na jan karfe.
Currant da amfani kaddarorin
Baya ga dandano, 'ya'yan itace masu launin currant suna da amfani sosai kuma suna aiki don shirya jita-jita iri-iri da giya.
Ana amfani da ganye sosai a cikin magungunan jama'a. Yana da bitamin da yawa, musamman bitamin C. Ana amfani da ganyen wannan shidan saboda daskararru, saboda adon su yana da tasirin anti-mai kumburi. Hakanan, ana amfani da ganye a matsayin maganin hana haifuwa.
Berries kuma suna taimakawa wajen haɓaka rigakafi kuma suna da kaddarorin cuta, suna da sakamako mai kyau akan ƙwayar cutar hanta, hanta da ƙodan, ƙwaƙwalwar idanu, kuma tana haɓaka ikon tunani.
Redcurrant yana da ƙasa mai ascorbic acid fiye da blackcurrant, amma yana da yawan potassium da baƙin ƙarfe. Ana amfani dashi azaman astringent, diuretic, diaphoretic, antipyretic.
Tun da berries na wannan shuka kayan abinci ne mai ɗanɗano, ana iya shirya jita-jita iri-iri daga gare su.
Kushin baƙi
Sinadaran na kullu:
- 200 grams na gari
- 100 grams na man shanu
- 150 grams na sukari
- Ya hadu da kwan
- 2 tablespoons semolina
- Tea yin burodi foda ƙarya
Sinadaran don cika:
- Gilashin baƙar fata currant
- 2 tablespoons na sukari mai girma
- Tablespoon na sitaci
Zuba man shanu tare da sukari har sai an samar da kirim, to sai ku doke kwai ku ci gaba da doke. Sanya gari da garin burodi a cakuda sannan a cakuda sosai.
Man shafawa da mold da man shanu da kuma yayyafa da semolina, lay fitar da kullu, sanya cika a saman dukan surface. Sanya murfin a cikin tanda, mai zafi zuwa 200 ° C kuma bar ƙwanin burodi na mintuna 20-25 har sai an dafa shi.
Blackcurrant jam
Don yin matsawa, ɗauki kilo ɗaya da rabi na sukari da kilogram na currants.
Tafiya a cikin berries domin babu wutsiyoyi da aka saura akan su. Yayyafa 'ya'yan itacen da sukari sai su bar ruwan' ya'yan itace su tafi, sai a tafasa ruwan a cikin ruwan nasu har sai ya yi taushi, sannan a zuba su a cikin kwalba mai tsayayyu.
Blackcurrant compote
Don yin compote, ɗauki gram 600 na berries, lita ɗaya da rabi na ruwa da gilashin sukari. Mun sanya berries da sukari a cikin miya, kawo zuwa tafasa, tafasa don 5 da minti, sannan kuma ƙara sukari kuma dafa don wani minti 3.
Jelly ja
Currants suna da pectin da yawa kuma sabili da haka abu ne mai kyau don shiri na jelly.
Adadin berries da sukari sune 1: 1.5, bi da bi. Don sauƙaƙe ƙidaya, zaka iya amfani da lissafin kowace lita na currant 700 grams na sukari.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ya kamata a saka a cikin akwati kuma a zuba su da ruwa saboda ya ɗan cika berries. Don haka dafa na mintina 15. Bayan haka, ƙara sukari kuma dafa don wani mintina 15. A ƙarshen dafa abinci, jelly zai yi kauri, sanya shi a cikin kwalba kuma za'a iya adanar har ma a cikin ɗakin.
Wainar Baƙi
Ana yin giya mai kyau daga currant idan kun bi ka'idodin shiri.
Ana buƙatar waɗannan sinadaran masu zuwa:
- 10 kilo na blackcurrant berries,
- 5 kilo na sukari mai girma,
- 15 lita na ruwa.
A ware 'ya'yan itatuwa, amma kada ku wanke. Murkushe duk berries. Bayan haka, narke rabin sukari a cikin ruwa da kuma haɗa murƙushe currants da syrup.
Tabbatar cewa kwandon da zaku zuba kayan da aka zuba sune kashi biyu cikin uku ne kawai. Rufe akwati tare da ɗamara kuma barin don kwana uku zuwa huɗu a cikin wurin da zazzabi na akalla 20 ° C.
Dama da dole tare da katako, sau biyu a rana. Bayan kimanin kwanaki hudu, zaku lura cewa wort ya tafasa kuma ana iya magudanar ruwan a cikin akwati na gilashin. Sauran narkarda an matse shi kuma an saka rabin kilo na sukari a cikin ruwan da aka samo, an gauraya a zuba a kwalba da Braga.
Aƙalla kwata na wuri a cikin kwalbar ya kamata ya zama kyauta don ayyukan fermentation. Sanya safar hannu na roba tare da rami a wuyan kwalban. Abun da aka ƙera shine an bar shi a cikin wurin dumi har tsawon wata ɗaya ko biyu.
Bayan kwanaki 5, bayan kun sanya safar hannu a kan kwalbar, zuba rabin lita na wort kuma ku haɗasu tare da kilogram na sukari, haɗu kuma zuba baya a cikin kwalba mafi girma kuma ku rufe tare da safar hannu. Bayan kwanaki 5 na gaba, maimaita hanya tare da ragowar sukari.
Idan sama da wata ɗaya da rabi sun riga sun ƙare daga farkon abin sha, kuma ruwan inabin yana ci, to, dole ne a zuba shi cikin kwalba a hankali ba tare da zubar da laushi ba. A ƙarshen fermentation, ruwan inabi yana wucewa ta bututu daga dropper kuma, idan ya cancanta, an kara sukari da barasa.
Yana da kyau a cika kwalban da za a adana abin sha, don kada iskar oxygen ta wuce shi. Sannan a tace giya a kowane wata don a daina shan iska. Bayan ya daina bayyana, ruwan inabin zai iya zama kwalba kuma ya kasance mai sanyi da duhu. Don haka, za'a iya adanar shi har zuwa shekaru 3.
