Okra shine tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara daga dangin Malvaceous. An kuma samo sunayen Okra, Abelmosh edible, Gombo ko yatsun Lady. Ya danganta da nau'in halittar, zai iya kaiwa tsayin mitoci ɗaya (dwarf) zuwa biyu.
Itatuwan itace mai fruita fruitan itace, yayin da thea fruitan, yayin da yake tonon, ya kai 10-25 cm tsayi. Yana tunatar da kirtani iri guda biyu a waje guda kuma na gaban tsaba. Yankakkun Okra a cikin manyan furanni masu ruwan shuɗi-fure, waɗanda suke a zaune gabaɗaya.
Okra iri daban daban
Okra Star na Dauda - wani tsayi mai tsayi (liana game da tsayin mita biyu), wanda ya samo sunan ɓangaren tauraron mai kamannin gwal. Wani fasalin abin lura shine launuka masu ruwan shuɗi.
Okra Alabama Red - bayyananne na ado sosai, yana da launin ja mai duhu mai 'ya'yan itace. A tsayi, shuka zai iya kai 2 m.
Kakakin Okra Cow - madaidaici mai girma, iri mai tsayi tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu tsayi - har zuwa 20-25 cm.
Okra Blondie - tsayayya zuwa yanayin zafi low tare da rawaya-kore pods.
Okra Clemson Na Zamanna - Ya shahara tare da yan lambu, saboda rashin hairs a farfajiyoyin, sune madaidaiciya duhu kore.
Bayan wadannan nau'ikan, akwai wasu sanannun iri:
- Okra Farar fata,
- Okra Green Karammiski,
- Ganyen Okra Dwarf.
An samo sunan "karammiski" saboda gaskiyar cewa an rufe 'ya'yan itatuwa da ƙananan gashin gashi, wanda, kafin cin abinci, za'a iya kawar dashi ta hanyar goge tare da zane mai wuya.
Okra dasa da kulawa a cikin bude ƙasa
Okra yana neman matsakaici don shayarwa da kwance ƙasa. Waɗannan sune ƙa'idodi biyu masu mahimmanci, suna sarrafa tsari wanda, zaka iya tabbata game da inganci da yanayin lokacin girbi.
Ba a yarda bushewa da taurin ƙasa ba, saboda wannan zai haifar da fashewar tsiron. Hakanan bai kamata a kyale a sanya ruwa ba, kamar yadda mold ko Tushen na iya bayyana, kuma gangar jikin zata fara jujjuya su. Sabili da haka, kar a manta da yin ruwa a cikin yanayin rashin ruwa.
Don saukowa, an zaɓi yanki mai amfani da wuta, amintacce daga iska mai ƙarfi da magudanar ruwa. Lokaci na dasa dole ne a zaɓi lokacin yin la'akari da gaskiyar cewa lallai ne yakamata ƙasa tayi dumama da kyau kuma yuwuwar dawo da ƙanƙanin sanyi ya daɗe.
Karanta kuma namo da watermelons a bude ƙasa, mai daɗin ci mai daɗin ci mai kyau. Karkashin dukkan yanayin aikin gona na 'ya'yan itace,' ya'yan itaciyar za su yi dadi, m da manyan. Kuna iya samun duk shawarwarin da suka dace don haɓaka da kulawa a cikin wannan labarin.
Taki don okra
Idan ƙasar da aka dasa ta tayi kyau (m), to babu buƙatar ƙarin ciyarwa. Sabili da haka, dole ne a kusantar da shirye-shiryen shafin tare da cikakken nauyi.
Tona kasar gona tare da taki mai ruɓa (5 kilogiram a kowace murabba'in mita). Iyakar abin da takin kawai shine nitrogen (20 g da murabba'in murabba'in), waɗanda ake amfani da su sau biyu: na farko - kafin dasa shuki, na biyu - kafin fure.
Yanke paruwar okra ana bada shawarar kawai da wuka mai kaifi, ba tare da taɓa harbe da ganyayyaki ba.
Tushe garin Okra
Okra baya buƙatar datsa, amma pinching zai zama da amfani sosai. Dole ne a yi shi lokacin da daji ya kai girman 40-50 cm.
Bayan wannan hanya, ana lura da aikin tillering mai aiki.
Okra iri na namo
Okra shine tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara wanda tsaba ke yaduwa a kowace shekara. Zai fi kyau shuka seedlings a shirye-shiryen shuka a ƙasa. A wannan yanayin, dole ne a shuka tsaba kai tsaye a cikin tukwane na peat, tunda wannan shuka bai yi haƙuri da dasawa ba.
A cikin bazara, lokacin da dawowar dusar ƙanƙara ta ƙare kuma ƙasa ta bushe da kyau, an cire ƙwayoyin a hankali tare da dunƙule ƙura daga cikin akwati kuma a sanya shi a cikin rami wanda aka shirya (na girman da ya dace a cikin ƙasa), a nesa na 50-70 cm daga juna, moisten ciyawa.
Ana kirga ƙasa don shuka daga: ɓangarorin biyu na ƙasar talakawa daga wurin, ɓangarori biyu na peat da ɓangaren yashi. An riga an sanya sandar a cikin murhun don kawar da cututtukan cututtukan da ke cikin ƙwayar cuta. Tsaba na kwana guda suna narkewa cikin ruwa.
Bayan wannan, kwantena (kofuna waɗanda) suna cike da substrate, an sanya iri a wurin (a gilashi ɗaya - iri ɗaya) kuma an rufe saman da wani Layer (1.5-2 cm) na ƙasa. Danshi da rufe tare da tsare.
Dole ne a kiyaye 'ya'yan itacen a zazzabi na 18-22 ° C kuma saka idanu kan tsari na ruwa. Tsaba yana girma cikin makonni 2-3. Bayan haka, an cire fim ɗin, kuma an sanya gilashin kusa da haske (alal misali, akan windowsill).
Makonni biyu kafin a dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, dole ne a ɗauki tsire-tsire na shuka. Don yin wannan, dole ne a fitar da su cikin iska, don farawa ta hanyar mintina da yawa, suna ƙaruwa zuwa duka tsawon sa'o'i 7 (a rana, kwanakin dumi), da kuma ranar da za a shuka, okra dole ne ya kwana ɗaya a waje.
Ciyawa tana faruwa kimanin watanni biyu bayan fitowar shuka, kuma sati daya bayan haka, lokacin da 'ya'yan itacen suka kai girman 5-7 cm, kuna iya girbi. Fruiting yana ci gaba har zuwa farkon sanyi, kowane kwanaki 4-5.
Cutar da kwari
Tare da kulawa da kyau na okra, bai kamata a sami matsala tare da shi ba. Amma da zaran an keta dokokin fasahar aikin gona, ko kuma na gaba na matakan kariya, to cutar da kwaro suke a can. Kamar yadda kuka sani: "Zai fi kyau a hana fiye da warkarwa daga baya!".
Itatuwa na iya yin rashin lafiya tsatsa da powdery mildew. Daga cikin kwari zai iya shafar shuka:fari, aphids, gizo-gizo mite, slugs, scoops da codling kwari.
A cikin yaƙar parasites, bai kamata ku yi amfani da daidaitattun ƙwayoyin cuta ba, tunda a wannan yanayin 'ya'yan itacen okra zasu zama marasa amfani. Saboda haka, fesawa tare da infusions tafarnuwa ko fi na tumatir zai taimaka kawar da kwari (nace a rana). Ana tattara slugs da hannu, kuma waɗanda ke ɓoye lalle za su fito su faɗa cikin tarko idan kun sanya kofuna na giya a ƙarƙashin shuka.
Don hana cututtukan fungal, ya zama dole don gudanar da aikin rigakafin tare da mafita mai kyau na soda da sabulu (ta amfani da soso, shafa akwati da ganyayyaki).
Hakanan duhun duhu na iya bayyana akan ganye - Waɗannan sune kunar rana a jiki, zaku iya guje musu idan kun fesa bushes ɗin a ranar girgije ko da yamma.
Okra amfani kaddarorin
Okra yana da amfani mai yawa. Don haka, alal misali, babban abun ciki na abubuwa masu amfani (baƙin ƙarfe, alli, ascorbic acid, potassium da sauran bitamin da yawa) suna ba da damar amfani da wannan shuka a cikin magani da masana'antar abinci. Mafi mahimmanci shine kasancewar fiber na abin da ake ci da abubuwan gina jiki. Kuma godiya ga ƙayyadaddun ƙaƙƙarfan sanarwa - ana amfani dashi a ƙirar shimfidar wuri.
Zuwa wasu, ana iya la'akari da okra a matsayin kayan lambu, tunda a dafa abinci ana amfani da shi daga 'ya'yan itacen da ba su da lokacin bayyana kansa, don shirye-shiryen jita-jita daban-daban. Zaku iya stew, dafa miyar, salati har ma daskarewa da adana shi don hunturu.
Baya ga 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, ana amfani da ƙananan ganyen shuka, alal misali, ƙara wa salatin. Idan yayin shiri na kifi, kaji ko rago, ƙara ɗan okra, to, kwanon zai sami ɗanɗano daɗin sananniyar magana. A lokaci guda, ana ɗaukar kayan lambu low-kalori (30 kcal / 100 g), wanda ke ba da damar amfani dashi a kusan dukkanin abubuwan rage cin abinci (yana da kyau a nemi likita). Bugu da kari, ba a gano maganin hana haihuwa ba.
Dangane da binciken da aka yi kwanan nan, an gano okra don rage hadarin bunkasa atherosclerosis, kuma saboda abubuwan da ke ciki na folic acid, asalin tushen bitamin ne ga mata masu juna biyu da masu shayarwa.
Yin amfani da jita-jita na yau da kullun tare da okra yana taimakawa kawar da gubobi da irin wannan ƙwayar cholesterol daga jikin mutum, yana kuma iya sauƙaƙa alamun bayyanar mura, amai da gudawa.
Bugu da kari, an kara fitar da okra zuwa ga hadewar wasu shafaffun fuskoki wadanda ke taimakawa rage ko hana bayyanar cututtukan fata, da kayayyakin gashi, dangane da shi, da kyau zai shafi tsarin gashi.
