Shuka sunflower na ado daga tsaba

A ƙarƙashin furannin furanni na rana galibi ana nufin helianthus na shekara-shekara. Babban zaɓi na iri da siffofi, mai sauƙi da mai ban sha'awa, amma taurari na yanayi masu ban sha'awa iri ɗaya, ɗaya ne daga cikin dalilan da ke haifar da karɓar furannin rana. Bayan duk waɗannan, waɗannan tsire-tsire suna da sauƙi don yada cewa har ma da ƙwararrun lambu ba za su iya haɓaka masu tsaron rani ba. Yankin da ya dace na wurin, shuka lokaci da kuma kula da tsirrai matasa - shi ke nan kuna buƙatar jin daɗin kawunan shuwagabannin sunflower na lambun fure.

Shuka seedlings na sunflower na ado.

Furennun fure-fure na shekara-shekara suna ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun tsire-tsire na kaka. Fitowar su sanannan abu ne ga yan lambu da kuma waɗanda ba sa shuka tsiro da kansu. Babban inflorescences mafi girma na duk yiwuwar ana iya gane shi cikin sauƙi ko da kamfanin tsire-tsire masu alaƙa da nau'in fure. Amma fahimtar bambancin furannin rana sun saba da sauki kamar gano kawunan kawunan su na fure. A kan jakunkuna tare da tsaba, sau da yawa ba sa tantance nau'in sunflower kuma suna alama tsaba a matsayin Helianthus, kodayake wakilan shekara-shekara na kwayoyin halittar da duk nau'ikan su sun daɗe suna haɗuwa da jinsin. shekara-rana sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Adadin furannin fure-fure na shekara-shekara yana aukuwa daga Yuli zuwa Oktoba. -Aya daga cikin ƙasashe masu ɗorewa tare da manyan harbe, madaidaiciya a kan firam ɗin kwanduna masu ƙyalƙyali masu yawa tare da diamita na 5 zuwa 36 cm, ana samun sauƙin ganewar rana. Kuma ba kawai a cikin classally babban cibiyar da yawa tubular ko shirya a tsananin layuka na Reed furanni, amma kuma a cikin bristly-pubescent, m ga tabawa, inimitably wrinkled, zuciya-dimbin yawa serrate bar a madadin a kan petioles, cikakken launi, kazalika da kyau bracts a kusa da kwandon, kuma da ikon ta peduncles.

Fuskokin sunnu na shekara-shekara suma suna da dwarf waɗanda suke, rabin rabin tsayi, ko ma ƙananan, iri da ainihin ƙattai. Siffofin ado (variegated, zagaye mai sheki, zagaye mai yawa, California) da daruruwan nau'ikan daban-daban suna ba ku damar zaɓar furannin furanni na shekara zuwa abubuwan da kuke so. Rawaya, ruwan lemo, ja, fari, launin ruwan kasa, launuka iri-iri ko biyu-uku da uku, launi daban-daban na terry da Semi-terry, girman na tsakiya da wurin da har ma da nau'ikan fure suna da tasiri sosai game da adon furannin rana da yuwuwar amfani da su. Amma duk wannan bambancin bai shafi haifuwar furannin rana ba. Suna girma ne daga tsaba kuma galibi ba sa amfani da seedlings, amma hanya mafi sauki ita ce shuka kai tsaye a wurin da ake yin namo, wato, nan da nan cikin ƙasa.

Hanyar yaduwar sunflower:

1. Shuka kai tsaye a wurin noman rani.
2. Shuka seedlings a farkon bazara.

Samun tarin tsiran sunflower da zabinsu don shuka

Ko da yawancin nau'ikan furen sunfuran fure suna ba da shuka mai yawa, amma tattara tsaba na nau'ikan da kuka fi so daga wannan shuka ba mai wahala ba. M reno faceted achenes a lebur kwanduna iya tantance mataki na maturation na tsaba (da duhu).

Abu mafi wahala a tara tsaba na fure-fure na fure shine don kare amfanin gona daga tsuntsayen da suke so don jin daɗin tsaba ko da nau'ikan shekara-shekara. Kamar yadda tsaba na inflorescence, daga abin da suke shirin girbi, ana kafa su, dole ne a ɗaura su tare da raga, zane mai haske ko ɗamara don hana tsuntsayen isa ga kyawawan tsaba. Bayan yankan kawunan, basa cire tsaba daga 'ya'yan itacen, amma an basu damar bushe gaba daya. Kuna iya adana tsaba ba tare da cirewa daga kwanduna ba, kuma a cikin "tsarkakakke" tsari.

Tsaba na sunflowers na ado sun riƙe tsiron su na dogon lokaci: har ma a shekara ta uku ko ta huɗu bayan an girbe, kaka-kaka sun fito daga shekara, amma ba tare da yawan kashi 90% ba, amma cikin nutsuwa ne.

Babban abu a cikin sayen iri na iri da kuma haɗakar furannin fure shine na zaɓaɓɓu masana'antun amintattu. Yankunan da ba su da arha sosai na kamfanonin dillalai na iya ba da guda ɗaya kwata-kwata. Kula da cikakkun bayanai game da masana'anta, bincika martabarta, matsakaita a kasuwa. Ga sauran, zaku iya mai da hankali ga tsayin daka da kyawawan halaye na inflorescences. Kafin yin shuka, ana saka iri, ana watsar da lalatattun ƙananan (idan ana so, ana iya shuka su dabam don gwajin).

Wuri don shuka shukar furanni masu ado

Ainihin sunan helianthus kai tsaye yana nuna yanayin ƙarƙashin waɗannan furanni masu ban sha'awa na rani sun fi son girma. Furennin kaka na shekara-shekara iri ɗaya ne masu bauta wa rana kamar shuka iri ko kuma tsiro na tsiro na shekara. Suna buƙatar mafi kyawun haske, mafi bude, hasken rana. Don ƙananan nau'ikan furanni na rana, iska mai ban tsoro ba ta da kyau, amma don babba da kuma manya-manyan kannun fure, har zuwa 3 m babba ko dasa a cikin iyakoki da allon fuska, kuna buƙatar zaɓar kariya mai kyau, mai dumi, yanki mai hana iska. Ko da a cikin ƙananan nau'in tare da girman kusan 30 cm, ƙarami da ƙasa mai haske inflorescences yana haɓaka wurare masu iska.

Ya kamata a biya ƙarin hankali ga sigogi na ƙasa. Don furannin rana na shekara-shekara, yakamata ya kasance haske da sako-sako. An fi son sandy na sandy, amma idan an ƙara yashi don inganta tsarin, helianthus zai iya girma a kan loamy da ƙasa mai yumɓu. Rigar ƙasa ko ƙasa mai ɗumbin yawa tare da babban sinadarin gina jiki zai ba da izinin helihanthus don nuna kyawunsa har tsawon shekara ɗaya. Anfanayen fure-fure na shekara-shekara ba su jure wa salinity na kasar gona da muhalli ba.

Ba a girma furannin fure ba tsayawa tsayawa a wuri guda, bayan almarar dare, gado da beets.

Atesan kwanakin shuka sunflower na ado a cikin ƙasa

A yankuna inda ƙasa keyi sama da wuri, zaɓin ranakun dasa shuki da shimfiɗa lokacin shuka saboda watanni da yawa yana ba ku damar ƙara lokacin fure don kusan duka lokacin. Shuka sunflower a kudu za'a iya yi a cikin kaka, kafin hunturu, a ƙarshen Maris-Afrilu.

A cikin yankuna tare da matsanancin winters, sunflowers na shekara suna an shuka shi bisa ga al'ada a ƙarshen Afrilu tare da yanayi mai kyau, amma mafi yawan lokuta - kawai a watan Mayu. Ba lallai ba ne don jin tsoron farkon shuka: duk da gaskiyar cewa sunfuran da kansu ba mai sanyi bane mai ƙurewa kuma yana bushewa da isowar sanyi, seedlings yayi haƙuri da dawowar sanyi--digiri, wanda hakan yasa ya yuwu ya shuka kayan sunflower na ɗan lokaci kaɗan fiye da lokacin bazara. Yawanci, ana bada shawarar shuka tsire-tsire lokacin da ƙasa tayi zafi har zuwa kimanin digiri 10 Celsius.

A kowane hali, '' shimfidawa 'shuka ya zama dole, rarraba tsaba zuwa cikin rabo don shuka tare da tazara tsakanin mako 1. Idan kun aiwatar da shuka na sunflowers na ado a lokacin bazara gaba daya, farati na sunflowers zai ci gaba har zuwa lokacin sanyi na farko kuma zai yanke jiki.

Shuka tsaba na sunflower na ado

A kan aiwatar da shuka iri-iri na kayan ado na sunflowers, babu wani abu mai rikitarwa. Za ka iya jiƙa da tsaba a cikin ruwa na kwana daya da wani irin abincin tsami a cikin fungicides (har ma a cikin wani rauni bayani na potassium permanganate) don ƙara juriya ga kwari da cututtuka. Tare da iyakantaccen yawan ƙwaya, yana da kyau a yi shuka a kan adiko na goge baki ko tawul ɗin takarda, ta sakin layi a hankali ko yanke saman ƙwaya don saurin haɓaka.

Ana shuka tsaba a cikin tsagi ko cikin rami na mutum, suna zurfafa su game da 2-4 cm (matsakaicin zurfafawa, baya tasiri ga cigaban sprouts, shine 5 cm). A bu mai kyau zuwa shuka tsaba sunflower na ado sosai don kauce wa buƙatar fitar da seedlings. Yawanci, an shimfiɗa tsaba a cikin guda 2-3 a nesa na 30 cm don ba a cika girmansa ba zuwa 70 cm don mafi girman fure-fure.

Farkon harbe-girke na fure-fure na shekara-shekara yawanci suna bayyana mako guda bayan shuka.

Bayan harbe sun bayyana kuma suka yi ƙarfi da ƙarfi, ana cire ƙarin tsire-tsire, barin mafi ƙarfi.

Ana iya sa ruwa daga Mayu amfanin gona a watan Yuli. Amma yana da sauƙin sauƙaƙa hankali kan tsawon lokacin tsiro: fure-fure na shekara-shekara za su yi girma a cikin 75, cikin matsanancin yanayi, kwana 90.

Kula da matasa harbe na sunflower na ado

Kwakwalwar rana na iya shafar tsuntsaye, katantanwa har ma da ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwayoyi tun kafin farawa kuma a mataki na germination. Daga slugs da katantanwa yana da kyau a decompose koto, nan da nan, amma zaka iya ajiye amfanin gona na sunflower daga tsuntsaye ta hanyar rufe ƙasa da fim ko fim.

Duk da matsayin masu bautar rana, sanya furenn furanni masu ado a cikin tsire-tsire masu jure yanayin fari zai zama babban kuskure. Su ne hygrophilous da kyau na fure kai tsaye dogara da watering. Kamfar ruwa a lokacin tsawon aiki na greenery da peduncle dole rinjayar fure, don haka an bayar da watering riga daga mataki na matasa harbe. Waterlogging, damp of kasar gona suna da haɗari har zuwa cikakken bushewar ƙasa. Ana yin ruwa lokacin da babu isasshen ruwan sama, kusan lokaci 1 a mako daya a zafi da fari, soaking kasar gona daukacin zurfin asalin tushen helianthus.

Takin takin gargajiya na sunflower, idan har cewa kasar gona tana da isasshen abinci mai gina jiki, za'a iya fitar da ita baki daya. Idan ƙasa ba ta inganta ba, to, kusan wata guda bayan fitowar seedlings, zaku iya ciyar da furen suns fure tare da takin nitrogen, kuma a mataki na buding da fure tare da cikakken ma'adinan ko takin mai magani na potassium-phosphorus.

Manyan nau'in sunflower sun fi dacewa da haɗin gwiwa don tallafawa yayin da suke girma, musamman idan har yanzu ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin iska mai iska. Kyakkyawan fegi ya isa ga fure-fure.

A cikin manya-manyan fure-fure na shekara-shekara, ƙarin kulawa ya sauko ga matakai da yawa:

• ruwa;
• kwance ƙasa.
• sako cirewa;
• kau da iri na bushes (idan kun kiyaye inflorescences, bai kamata ku yi sauri tare da yankan ba, saboda sunflower ba kawai zai iya yin kwalliyar kaka da gadajen fure na hunturu ba, har ma zai zama ƙarin kayan abinci ga tsuntsaye).

Ana cire fure iri-iri daga fure-fure yakan hanzarta fitar da sabon fure kuma yana hana shukar fure fure. Idan kuna shuka tsirrai don yankan, to lallai yana da kyau a yanke inflorescences a cikin wani yanayi (amma ban da headsan “shugabanni” da aka rage don tattara tsaba). Amma idan ka kawai yi ado da lambun tare da sunflower da sanya asusu, to, ka bar yawancin inflorescences-wuri mai kyau: za su bauta wa tsuntsaye masu amfani a gonar ba wanda ya fi muni da cikawar masu kiwo. Haka ne, kuma idonka zai faranta maka.

Shuka seedlings na sunflower na ado.

Girma ornamental sunflowers ta hanyar seedlings

Soilasa don shuka fure-fure na shekara-shekara ya dace da daidaituwa, duniya, mai gina jiki da sako-sako, amma ba tare da ɗan ɗanɗano acidic ba, amma tsaka tsaki ko ɗanɗanar alkaline dan kadan. Amma kwantena suna buƙatar ba da ƙarin hankali: sunflowers ba sa son dasawa, don kauce wa tushen raunin da ya fi kyau a shuka su a cikin kofuna waɗanda mutum ko tukwane.

Shuka tsaba ne da za'ayi dangane da ake so tsawon dasa a cikin ƙasa. Tun da ƙwararrun 'yan seedlings suna da sanyi mai tsaurin sanyi, ana iya dasa shuki kawai a ƙarshen Mayu-Yuni, kuma shuka iri a ƙarshen Afrilu ko farkon Mayu (ranakun 20-25 kafin dasa shuki a wurin dindindin). Amma babban abin da kuke buƙatar mayar da hankali a kai shine tsananin ƙarfin haske, iyawa don tsara hasken rana.

Ana shuka tsaba guda biyu a cikin kofuna na sirri, suna cire tsire-tsire masu rauni daga harbe da suka fito. Germinate sunflower a karkashin gilashin ko fim, ana aiwatar da shuka zuwa zurfin 1.5-2 cm a cikin ƙasa mai laushi. Duk wani zazzabi ya dace da shuka a tsakanin tsarin nuna alamun ɗakin, amma hasken ya kamata ya kasance mai haske sosai.

Shuka tsirowar sunflower ba aiki ne mai sauƙi ba. Tare da rashin haske, tsire-tsire suna zama mai rauni, mai tushe mai lanƙwasa, shuka yana shimfiɗa ta kuma wani lokacin ba ya zama kamar kansa. Don sunflower, wuri kawai a kan windowsill na kudu ko tare da haske ya dace. Kasar gona danshi ya kamata ya kasance haske akai-akai. Ciyar ba a za'ayi. Harden seedlings ya kamata a fara da wuri-wuri.

Dasa dutsen furanni na ado da aka girma ta hanyar shuka mai yiwuwa ne kawai a ƙarshen Mayu ko Yuni, bayan barazanar dawowar frosts. Ana shuka tsire-tsire iri ɗaya kamar yadda aka shuka su a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, a nesa na 30-70 cm. Farar tukunya a kewayen Tushen ba za a iya lalata ba. Don matasa seedlings, kulawa yana kama da kula da matasa seedlings.