Petunia

Petunia, wanda kuma ake kira da 'petunia', asalin halittar gwaiwa ne da aka wakilta da tsirrai da tsirinke na herbaceous. Wannan dabi'ar ta dangin Solanaceae ne. A cikin daji, ana iya samun irin wannan tsiro a cikin wurare masu zafi na Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil, Bolivia da Paraguay. Sunan wannan halittar ya fito ne daga kalmar '' Brazil '' 'petun' 'wanda ke fassara “taba”. Gaskiyar ita ce taba da petunia sune tsire-tsire masu dangantaka. Ko da a Arewacin Amurka, zaku iya haɗuwa da nau'in 1 na petunia. Wannan Halittar ya haɗu da kusan nau'ikan 25. A wasu halaye, waɗannan nau'ikan sun bambanta da juna. A cikin al'ada, irin wannan shuka tun karni na 18. Masu kiwo fiye da ƙarni da suka gabata sun kirkiro hybrids, waɗanda yau suke girma kamar lambu ko kuma baranda na shekara-shekara. Petunia kyakkyawa ne a cikin cewa ciyawar ta fure tana tsawanta duk tsawon lokaci, yayin da furanni ke da girma, masu haske da kuma kyan gani. Hakanan, wannan shuka yayi kyau tare da wasu furanni da aka girma a cikin lambu, alal misali, begonia ko pelargonium. Ampelic petunia a cikin abubuwan da aka dakatar suna kama da matukar ban sha'awa, musamman ya ƙunshi nau'ikan launuka iri-iri. Hakanan, wannan tsire-tsire yana da mashahuri sosai, saboda ko da ɗan lambu mai ƙwarewa na iya shuka shi.

Fasali na Petunia

Siffar petunia ba ta da kyau. A tsayi, irin wannan fure zai iya kaiwa zuwa 0.15-0.7 m, daskararren sa da aka yi wa katako na iya zama mai kafaɗa ko kuma yana jan iska. Fafaffen ganye na ganye a kai a kai suna ɗaukar tsawon santimita 5-12, suna da duhu ko launi mai launi. A saman foliage da harbe akwai pubescence. Kadaitaccen siffa mai fure guda ɗaya suna kan gajerun ɗakuna, suna iya zama na yau da kullun ko na yau da kullun, finite ko axillary, sau biyu ko mai sauƙi, canjin ma yana faruwa. Furanni na iya canza launin shuɗi, ruwan hoda, shuɗi, shuɗi mai haske, fari da shunayya, tare da iyaka, tauraro mai haske, mai walƙiya ko duhu mai duhu. 'Ya'yan itace akwatin akwatin bivalve ne tare da tsaba a ciki.

Iri na lambu Flow ya fara a Yuli, kuma ƙare da farko na sanyi. Perennial petunia koyaushe yana girma a matsayin tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara.

Growing petunia daga tsaba

Shuka

Idan kun shuka tsaba na petunia don shuka a watan Fabrairu, to lallai zasu buƙaci haske. Mafi yawan lambu fi son shuka iri daga tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen Maris, yayin da ya kamata a lura da cewa saboda rashin isasshen tsawon hasken rana hours, iri germination ne musamman low, saboda haka dole ne su iya dasa tare da gefe. Madadin shuka yakamata a ɗauki haske, sako-sako da kuma cike da abubuwan gina jiki. Nagari abun da ake amfani dashi: Rotted humus, peat, yashi da ƙyallen ƙwaya ko ƙasa mai ganye (2: 2: 1: 2).

Cika akwati tare da cakuda ƙasa, yayin da babban Layer tare da kauri of 10 mm yakamata ya kunshi madaidaicin substrate. Awanni 24 kafin shuka, dole ne a shayar da cakuda ƙasa yadda ya kamata, a wannan yanayin, ana iya rarraba tsaba a farfajiyarta a ko'ina. Tsaba kafin shuka ya zama dole a haɗe shi da busassun yashi. Bayan haka suna rarraba ko'ina cikin saman substrate kuma ana jika su daga bindigar da aka fesa. Akwatin da ke saman dole ne a rufe shi da fim ko gilashi. Amfanin gona an girbe shi a cikin dumi (daga digiri 20 zuwa 23).

Bayan kimanin kwanaki 7, 'ya'yan fari na farko ya kamata su bayyana. Suna buƙatar samun iska mai iska da nutsuwa kowace rana daga mai siye sau 2 a rana. Yana da mahimmanci a wannan lokacin don kula da babban zafi a cikin karamin-greenhouse, amma, saboda wannan, "ƙafafun baƙar fata" na iya haɓaka a kan tsire-tsire. Don hana wannan, ya zama dole a cire kullun condensate daga fim nan da nan bayan fitowar sa, kuma dole ne a juya gilashin a gefe. Bugu da kari, dole ne a yayyafa tsire-tsire tare da raunin bayani na potassiumgangan. Lokacin da aka kafa farantin ganye na farko a kan tsire-tsire, ya kamata a cire tsari daga cikin akwati, ya kamata a rufe saman abin da yakamata tare da yashi na bakin ciki, kuma ya kamata a rage yawan ruwa.

Kulawar seedling

Lokacin da seedlings suka samar da fararen ganye na 3 ko 4 na ainihi, ya kamata a zaɓa su, kafin wannan, a matattara sosai a cikin kwandon shara a cikin akwati. Auki sanda kuma a hankali a hankali a kan shuka. Cire shi daga ƙasa, riƙe ganye, yayin ƙoƙarin kada ku girgiza ɗan abin da ke cikin tushen daga asalin sa. Don nutsewa, yi amfani da tukwane da aka yi da filastik ko peat, waɗanda dole ne a cika su da wannan gurbin. Bayan tsire-tsire masu peaked, suna buƙatar a shayar da su sosai kuma a rufe su da zanen takarda ko lutrasil na kwanaki 2-3.

A wannan lokacin, dole ne a kula da 'ya'yan itaccan daidai kuma wannan ya kamata a ɗauki shi da muhimmanci. A wannan lokacin, da substrate ya kamata a matsakaici m koyaushe. A wannan lokacin, dalilai da yawa suna shafar mita na ban ruwa, don haka a yanayi ɗaya ana buƙatar tumatir 1 ko sau 2 cikin kwanaki 7, da kuma ɗayan sau biyu a rana. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a sassauta farfajiya na kewayen daskararren tsire-tsire. 7 kwanaki bayan daukana, da shuka za su bukatar a ciyar da tsare 1 lokaci na mako daya, yayin da tushen da kuma karin-tushen Hanyar ciyar ya kamata a madadin. Don suturar miya, zaka iya ɗaukar Kemira, Nitrofosku, Moar ko wasu takaddun ruwa mai narkewa, tare da gra 25 zuwa 35 a guga 1 na ruwa.

Iri na grandiflora fara Bloom 3 watanni bayan shuka tsaba, da kuma irin Multiflora - bayan watanni 2.5. Kafin fara dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa bude, dole ne a taurare. Don yin wannan, a cikin lokacin rana, ana kwashe seedlings zuwa titi ko an kwashe seedlings zuwa dakin da yake sanyi tsawon kwanaki.

Dasa petunias a buɗe ƙasa

Wani lokaci zuwa ƙasa

Loamy ko yashi loamy ƙasa mai daɗaɗɗa ya dace da girma petunias, kuma zai yi kyau idan an ƙara humus ko takin a ciki kafin dasa shuki. Takin kasar gona tare da taki ba da shawarar, saboda yana iya haifar da cututtukan fungal. Don dasa shuki, ya kamata ka zaɓi yanki mai amfani da hasken waje. Yana da Dole a shuka seedlings a cikin bazara lokacin da babu barazanar dawo da daskararru (yawanci daga tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen Mayu). Ya kamata a saukowa ƙasa da yamma ko a ranar ruwa.

Siffar Saukowa

Lokacin dasa shuki seedlings, fure irin wannan petunia zai wuce har zuwa Nuwamba. Tunda waɗannan furanni galibi suna ƙasa, ana dasa su a gefen gefen gadon furen. Da farko, furanni a cikin tukwane suna buƙatar shayar da su sosai, to, an ja su tare da dunƙule na ƙasa kuma aka dasa su a cikin wani rami da aka shirya. Bar tsakanin 0.3 zuwa 0.4 m na kyauta tsakanin tsirrai. Furannin da aka dasa furanni suna buƙatar shayar da su. Bayan kwana ɗaya, an rufe farfajiyar shafin.

Kula da petunia a gonar

Ba shi da wuya a yi girma petunia, amma kafin a ci gaba da dasa shi, kuna buƙatar yin nazarin duk dokoki da fasali na kula da irin wannan shuka. Petunia yana da tsayayya ga fari, amma a lokaci guda a lokacin zafi mai zafi dole ne a shayar da shi. Ya kamata a lura cewa nau'ikan ƙananan fulawa ba su da buƙata sosai a kan shayarwa, idan aka kwatanta da manyan-flowered. A lokacin ban ruwa, dole ne a zuba ruwa a ƙarƙashin tushe, tun da ba haka ba furanni masu ƙarancin tsire na rauni. Bayan an shayar da petunia, washegari ya zama dole a kwance farfajiyar shafin, yayin cire duk ciyawa.

Idan kuna son fure ya kasance tsayi da tsayi kamar yadda zai yiwu, a cikin wannan tsari ku ciyar da wannan tsiron. Na farko ciyar da petunias ne da za'ayi kwanaki 7 bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa bude. Sannan ana yin suturar miya ta sama da kowane sati da rabi har sai a watan Agusta, ta amfani da takin zamani don wannan, wanda ya ƙunshi dumbin potassium. Lokaci-lokaci, za'a iya ciyar da petunia tare da takin gargajiya, alal misali, takin zamani na humic ko jiko na mullein.

Yaduwa da petunias ta yanke

Yankasa ta hanyar itace ya dace kawai da terryas da mashahurai, kuma har ma da dukkanin bangarorin kananan ƙananan-petunias (caliberhoa). Za'a iya yada ganyen Terry ta hanyar yankuna a makonnin ƙarshe na hunturu, na farko - a cikin bazara, yayin da karamin-petunias da mai ban sha'awa - duk shekara, amma saboda wannan zasu buƙaci ƙarin haske tare da fitilun mai kyalli, kazalika da zafi (daga 21 zuwa digiri 24).

Yanke apical cuttings, wanda ya kamata daga 4 zuwa 6 faranti ganye. Yanke duka ganye sai dai manyan biyun. Ragowar ganye ya kamata a gajarta ta ½ bangare. Yankan buƙatar buƙatar dasa su don dasa a cikin ainihin cakuda ƙasa ɗaya, wanda ake amfani dashi don shuka. Koyaya, a wannan yanayin, ya kamata a rufe saman dutsen da suturar perlite ko yashi tare da kauri na 20-25 mm, wanda dole ne a zubar da maganin kashewa. Tsakanin yankan, dole ne a lura da nisa na 15-20 mm, kuma daga sama an rufe akwati da gilashi. Ba lallai ba ne a yi amfani da abubuwan haɓaka haɓaka (alal misali, Heteroauxin), saboda sabon yankan yankan da aka yanke suna da tushe, amma ba shi da jinkiri ga dasa su. Madadin a cikin gidan shinkafa yakamata ya zama mai ɗan daɗaɗa a koyaushe, domin wannan kuna buƙatar daskarar da petunia sau biyu a rana daga bindiga mai feshi. Koyaya, ya kamata a lura cewa yawan laima na taimakawa ga ci gaban "ƙafafun baƙi" ko ƙira. Terry da mashahurin petunia zasu zama tushen gaba daya bayan kimanin kwanaki 7, da karamin-petunia - bayan kwanaki 14.

Bayan tsawon Tushen ya kai mm 10 - 15 a tsayi, ya kamata a dasa shuka a cikin tukwane na mutum, diamita wanda ya zama daidai da 50 mm. Don shuka ya yi ƙarfi, dole ne a zana faranti 4 ko 5. Za'a iya amfani da tukwicin mai tushe mai tushe bayan pinching kamar yadda ake yanka itace. Bayan makwanni biyu, idan ya cancanta, sake juya mai tushe. Bayan makonni 6, ana dasa tsire-tsire a cikin tukwane, diamita wanda ya kai santimita 11-13. Kula da girma cuttings ya kamata kusan iri ɗaya na ga seedlings. Koyaya, ya kamata a ɗauka a hankali cewa amintattun petunias da mini-petunias suna buƙatar sarari mai yawa, sabili da haka an bada shawarar dakatar da kwantena tare da su.

Cutar da kwari

Idan, lokacin girma petunias, duk dokokin fasahar aikin gona na irin wannan al'ada ana kiyaye su, to ba zai taɓa yin rashin lafiya ba, kuma kwari masu cutarwa ba zasu warware ta ba. Idan ba a kula da tsire-tsire yadda yakamata ba, wani lokacin zai kamu da rashin lafiya tare da ƙarshen blight, chlorosis, ƙafafun baƙi da launin toka. Don magance waɗannan cututtukan, kuna buƙatar amfani da kayan aikin musamman da aka tsara don wannan. Koyaya, yana da kyau a hana ci gaban cututtuka, saboda wannan kawai kuna buƙatar kulawa da bushes ne sosai. Hakanan, wannan tsire-tsire na iya kamuwa da cututtukan hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo, wanda a yau ana ɗauka babu magani.

Aphids, thrips, gizo-gizo mites da slugs iya rayuwa a kan petunias. Don kawar da su, ya kamata ka kuma yi amfani da magunguna na musamman don wannan.

Tarin iri

Ya kamata a aiwatar da tarin iri ne kawai bayan sun cika cikakke a daji. A lokacin furanni, ya kamata a lura da bushes irin waɗancan nau'ikan daga abin da kuke buƙatar tara tsaba. Ya kamata a lura cewa ana amfani da ƙananan buds don tattara tsaba, saboda a cikin su ne ake samar da tsaba da kuma girma da sauri. Bayan an kafa toho sosai, ya kamata a gano shi har tsawon makonni 8, bayan wannan lokaci tsaba a cikinsu zasuyi cikakke. Abubuwan irin wannan shuka ƙanana ne (diamita game da rabin milimita), a cikin akwati ɗaya akwai kusan guda 100.

Shake fitar da tsaba a cikin kwandon da rarraba su cikin jaka, kar a manta don sanya hannu kan shekarar tarin, saƙa da launi na fure. Hakanan zaka iya kawai yanke akwatunan kuma adana su a cikin gidan. Tsaba suna buƙatar haɓaka, don wannan an adana su don watanni 3-4 a zazzabi a ɗakin. Idan aka adana tsaba daidai, to za su iya kasancewa mai yiwuwa har zuwa shekaru huɗu.

Bayan fure

Idan kana son adana petunia, to ya kamata a cire shi daga cikin ƙasa a cikin Oktoba, to, an cire dukkan harbe daga daji. An dasa daji a cikin tukunya kuma an tsabtace shi a cikin ɗaki mai sanyi. Anan fure zai huta, amma akwai buƙatar shayar da shi lokaci-lokaci domin ƙasa ta yi laushi. A kan rijiya mai haske taga sill, tukunya tare da shuka dole ne a motsa a watan Fabrairu, kuma dole ne a sake farawa da tsarin shaye shaye. Bayan matashi mai tushe ya samar da nau'i biyu na faranti 2 ko 3, dole ne a yanke su tare da “diddige” wanda aka dasa a cikin furannin furanni da ke cike da ƙasa mai gina jiki, farjin ya kamata ya rufe da yashi. Dole ne a rufe kwandon ta amfani da gilashi ko fim, sannan a canza shi zuwa ƙaramin inuwa. Bayar da tsire-tsire tare da shayarwa na yau da kullun, spraying da iska don kwanaki 20, yayin da ake lura da dasa harbe. Sannan an dasa shuki a cikin kofuna daban. An dasa su a cikin ƙasa buɗe a lokaci guda kamar yadda ƙwayar petunia.

Ba lallai ba ne a ƙara yawan tsire-tsire na petunia bushes a cikin kaka ya kamata a haƙa sama kuma a ƙone, kuma shafin ya haƙa.

Iri da nau'ikan petunias tare da hotuna da sunaye

Duk nau'ikan lambun petunias sun kasu kashi biyu: manyan-fulogi da yawa.

Multiuniyoyi masu ƙarfin ruwa da yawa (multiflora)

Idan aka kwatanta da manyan nau'ikan furanni, masu fa'ida da yawa (multiflora) suna fara yin fure a da, yayin da furanni da yawa tare da diamita mai santimita-biyar da ke girma akan wani daji, suna yin fure tsawon lokaci. Irin waɗannan furanni ba zaɓaɓɓun furanni ba, ana iya girma a cikin kowace ƙasa, ba sa tsoron ruwan sama kuma kamar hasken rana. A wannan batun, ana iya kiran wannan fure na fure fure na ainihi. Ba ya da ban sha'awa sosai fiye da tsire-tsire na manyan iri-fure, amma m bushes an rufe shi da furanni daban-daban tabarau sami damar faranta adonsu kafin tsananin sanyi. Mafi mashahuri sune nau'ikan waɗannan nau'ikan petunia masu ɗumbin yawa:

Fantasy. Wannan jerin ya ƙunshi samfuran 9. Tsayin tsayi, kazalika da diamita na tsire-tsire, kusan 0.2 m, furanni sun kai 40 mm a duk faɗin, ana iya canza launin: jan tare da jijiyoyi da makogwaro, saƙar fata, rasberi mai ruwan hoda, kifin kifi mai duhu tare da duhu, rasberi ruwan hoda, shuɗi - violet, farar fata, kodadde ruwan hoda tare da launin fatara launin fata, da dai sauransu.
Mirage. Wannan jerin yana kunshe da nau'ikan karafa 13. Girman dutsen furanni mai fure yana daga 60 zuwa 90 mm, ana iya fentin su: ruwan hoda tare da jijiyoyin ruwan hoda mai duhu, ja tare da burgundy veins, rasberi-burgundy, lilac ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda, ruwan hoda mai ruwan kwalliya na ruwan hoda, fari, da dai sauransu.
Labarun. Dajin ya kai nisan kusan 0.3 m, da kuma 0.25 m a fadin.The diamita na daga furanni ne game da 70 mm. A hankali, launin furanni ya bushe: da farko launin lilac-ruwan hoda, sannan kodadde Lilac, kuma a ƙarshe kawai ɗan ƙaramin lilac. Veins, fentin a cikin burgundy-violet, sun fito fili a fili akan asalin wata fure.

Manyan manya-manyan fulawa (grandiflora)

Commonungiyar da aka fi amfani da su, wanda ya haɗa da ɗaruruwan ɗabi'a, babban petunia ne (grandiflora). A cikin irin waɗannan tsire-tsire, furanni sunada girma da ban mamaki, amma sun fi ƙanƙanuwa fiye da akan bushes na varietiesanan ƙananan furanni. Irin wannan rukunin yana da raunin guda ɗaya, gaskiyar ita ce iska da ruwan sama na iya cutar da furanni, waɗanda ke rasa kyawawarsu saboda wannan.A wannan batun, petunia-manyan fenti yawanci ana amfani dashi don girma a cikin kwantena ko a cikin tukwane a gida, a farfajiyar baranda ko baranda. Wannan rukuni ya kasu kashi biyu:

babba-flowered - wani daji ya kai tsayinsa game da 0.6 m, furanni masu laushi suna da girman inci 8 zuwa 10;
babba-flowered low - tsayin daji daga 0.25 zuwa 0.3 m, sauran sifofin sun yi kama da ƙungiyar sub da ta gabata;
manyan-freded fringed low kuma manyan-flowered fringed - bushes a tsayi ya kai 0.25-0.3 m da 0.65-0.7 m, bi da bi, fure mai fure, danshin su yakai kusan santimita 12;
manyan-floured m low kuma manyan-flowered m - tsawo daga cikin bushes shine 0.3-0.4 m da 0.5-0.75 m, bi da bi, fure mai laushi suna da fatar mai fadi, faɗin su shine kusan santimita 10-12, a farfajiya akwai jijiyoyin launi mai duhu idan aka kwatanta da babban bango;
babban abin birgewa - tsayin daji daga 0,5 zuwa 0.6 m ne, manyan furanni biyu a nisan sun isa daga santimita 10 zuwa 12, gefensu ya karye ko laushi.

Wadannan jerin manya-manyan furanni sun shahara sosai:

Saka farati. Wadannan hybrids suna hanzari. Tsawon daji ya kai kimanin 0.25 m. Furen za'a iya fentin launuka iri-iri, alal misali: rasberi, shuɗi tare da farin tauraro, violet-blue, ruwan hoda, fari, kifi, da sauransu.
Picoti. Abun da ke tattare da wannan jerin ya hada da dangogin 4, wanda ya bambanta da cewa suna da gefuna na ganyaye masu tsini, wanda ke zagaye da farin iyaka, ya kai girman 15 mm. A daji ya kai tsawo na 0.25 m. Furen an yi masa shuɗi da shunayya, ruwan-jeji, shuɗi, ruwan hoda da ruwan hoda.
Cikakken Pirouette. Wannan nau'in terry na launin shuɗi-violet mai launi, tare da gefen ƙarshen petanyen fure wanda ya ƙetare iyaka. Dajin ya kai girman 0.25 m.

Petunia floribunda

Baya ga bayanan shahararrun kungiyoyin petunia, petunia floribunda har yanzu tana kan gaba. Tana da matsakaiciyar matsayi tsakanin waɗannan rukunoni. Ga furanni na wannan rukunin, ruwan sama kusan ba shi da matsala kusan iri ɗaya kamar furanni na petunias da yawa. Koyaya, don irin wannan tsire-tsire don kyawawan kyan gani, dole ne a girma cikin girma, saboda wannan ana shuka su a manyan gadaje na fure. Iri:

Sonia. Wannan jerin suna shahara tsakanin yan lambu, ya hada da 11 irinsu. Shrubs ya kai girman 0.25 m. Furen za'a iya fentin rasberi, burgundy da rasberi tare da tauraruwar farin, farin, kodadde tare da shuɗi mai ruwan hoda, ruwan hoda, ruwan hoda da rasberi tare da tauraruwa mai haske, ja tare da iyaka mai kyau, launin ja, da dai sauransu. .
Celebrity. Wannan nau'ikan ya hada da kayan maye waɗanda ke tsayayya da zafi da ruwan sama. Irin wannan nau'ikan yana da launuka daban-daban goma sha uku, furanni sune sautin biyu, bayyane ko tri-launi.

Lambun rukuni na petunias

Akwai kuma rukunin lambun da ake kira ampelous or baranda petunias. Tsire-tsire da aka haɗa a ciki suna da harbe mai laushi mai tsayi da tsayi wanda ke iya yin ƙasa. Irin waɗannan furanni suna girma da sauri kuma suna tsayayya da yanayin yanayi mara kyau. Popular iri:

Surfinia. A diamita, furanni na waɗannan tsirrai ya kai 60-90 mm. Koyaya, nau'in ƙaramin ya haɗa da (Mini Pearl da Pink Mini) suna da fure tare da diamita na 5 mm kawai. Furen furanni za'a iya fentin su a dukkanin launuka masu launi, in banda launin rawaya da lemo mai haske.
Tumbelin. Wannan jerin sakamakon aikin kamfanin Jantan na Santori ne. Terry furanni.
Conchita. Furannin waɗannan hybrids sun fi kama da girma da sifa ga furanni na mini-petunias (caliberhoa). Flowersanan furanni a diamita sun kai 50 mm, suna da launuka daban-daban, kuma ana iya fentin su da launuka iri-iri.