Cacti har yanzu ya mamaye wurin da ya cancanci a cikin tarin masu noman fure kuma ana ɗaukarsu ɗayan tsirrai ne. Don yanke shawara game da zaɓi na maye gurbin asali don haɓaka, muna ba da shawarar farko kallon menene nau'ikan cacti da hotunan su da sunayensu.
Sanarwar takaice da nau'ikan cacti
Wurin haifan waɗannan tsire-tsire masu ban mamaki shine Amurka, kodayake a cikin yanayin ana iya samun su a cikin hamada na Afirka, Asiya har ma da Turai. Cacti daji yawanci manyan ne. Suna girma a yankuna na kwari na duniya, wanda aka yadu a Argentina, Mexico da Chile. Wasu nau'ikan cacti suna girma a cikin wurare masu zafi, har ma a yankin gabar tekun Bahar Rum da Bahar Maliya.
Yanayin yanayin haɓakar su shine mai ban sha'awa, wanda ga cacti sun saba sosai:
- Yawancin jinsuna suna girma a yankuna na hamada tare da rashin laima. Kodayake akwai nau'ikan halittu waɗanda suka fi son wuraren da suke da laushi, saboda haka suna rayuwa ne na musamman a cikin tsaunuka.
- Cacti ana daidaita su da canje-canje kwatsam a zazzabi, wanda a hamada wasu lokuta yakai 50 ° C.
- Mafi sau da yawa, tsire-tsire suna zaune a kan matattakala da yashin ƙasa, tare da ƙarancin abun ciki na humus, amma tare da ma'adinai da yawa.
Cacti suna da sabon abu mai kama - falle mai laushi da fata mai laushi. Wannan fasalin yana taimakawa shuka yadda ya dace da rashi. Don hana asararta, cacti suna da takamaiman kaddarorin kariya:
- ƙaya maimakon ganye;
- gashin da ke haskaka shuka daga tsananin zafin rana;
- dunƙule kakin zuma yana kare kamshin ruwa;
- Kyakkyawan ciyawa, Hakanan Itacen raɓa wanda yake sauka ga asalin sa;
- ana iya kiyaye tushen tushe daga bushewa.
Don rama don rashin ganye, cacti sun yi kauri mai kauri. Yawancinsu masu sihiri ne, saboda haka suna ɗaukar haske a kusan adadin adadin ganye. Wasu cacti suna da haƙarƙari wanda ke taimakawa ƙaramin shaƙi daga rana.
Kyakkyawan shuka mai cike da ruwa kyakkyawan garkuwa ne ga dabbobin jeji. Don kare su, muhalli na yau da kullun yana da ƙaya. A wasu nau'ikan, sutturar halitta ce daga rana.
A bayyanar, cacti ya kasu kashi biyu:
- Shayarwa
- itace-kamar;
- ciyawa;
- lianoid.
Muna ba da shawarar ku san kanku da nau'ikan cacti da aka fi dacewa tsakanin masu noman fure a cikin hoto tare da sunaye.
Hamada da Cacti daji
Dogaro da wurin girma, 2 manyan rukuni na cacti an rarrabe su: hamada da gandun daji (na wurare masu zafi).
A dabi'a, cacti na hamada yana girma a cikin hamadar jeji ko kuma yankuna na hamada na Amurka da Afirka. An nuna su ta hanyar girman matsayin karbuwa ga yanayin muhalli, suna da manyan harbe-harben da ke da ƙarfi, kumburin ƙarfi.
Za'a iya raba cacti na Desert zuwa kashi uku:
- echinopsis - yana da kauri mai sihiri a jiki wanda akan rarraba ƙaya a ko'ina;
- farashi mai mahimmanci - ana nuna shi mai tushe mai laushi, wanda a cikin bayyanar yayi kama da pancakes;
- 'yan saman jannati - sun kama mai tushe da busasshen hancin.
A gida, a cikin lokacin Oktoba - Maris, yana da kyau kada a shayar da ruwan cacti kwata-kwata. Suna buƙatar ɗaukar hotuna akai-akai ga hasken rana, in ba haka ba ba za su yi fure ba. Sabili da haka, an fi sanya tsire-tsire akan windows na kudu.
Belowasan da keɓaɓɓun nau'ikan cacti ne a cikin hoto da sunayensu cikin Rashanci.
Mafi yawan 'yan cacti mazaunan manyan wuraren ƙaura ne na hamada da jeji. Amma akwai nau'ikan halittu waɗanda ke girma a yankuna masu laushi na wurare masu zafi. Gidajen gargajiya na cacti shine yankuna na wurare masu zafi na Kudancin Amurka, Afirka da Ostiraliya.
Ana sanya su a jikin bishiyoyi, ana kawo su da abubuwar dabi'a. Kuma a kan duwatsun suna jingina da tushen duwatsun dutse kuma sun gamsu da ƙaramin juzu'in humus. Kusan dukkan cacti na wurare masu zafi ana nuna shi da siffar mai girma da dogaye, mai kamannin ganye, daskararru mai tushe. Madadin da kashin da aka saba, suna da gashin gashi.
A gida a cikin hunturu mai sanyi, ana iyakance matattarar ruwa don cacti daji. Kuma a cikin zafi mai zafi suna buƙatar shading na wajibi. Zai fi kyau sanya su a gabas ko arewa windows.
Cincin cacti
Kimanin rabin dukkan nau'ikan cacti na fure ana iya tsammanin su yi fure lokacin da suka kai shekaru 3-4. A nan gaba, suna samun damar farantawa wasu mutane duk shekara tare da furanni. Yawancin fure cacti a cikin bazara. Amma zaka iya samun nasarar tara nau'ikan da furanni waɗanda furanninsu za su yi ado a ciki har tsawon shekara.
Furannin furanni wadanda ba na zamani ba wadanda suka girma a wasu nau'ikan cacti an gabatar dasu a cikin hoto tare da sunaye.
Domin murtsunguwa don fure cikin sauri, tana buƙatar ƙirƙirar yanayi mafi yawan halitta. Mafi yawan lokuta, furanni suna bayyana ne kawai akan sabon haɓaka. Kuma don bayyanarsa, murtsunkar yana buƙatar kulawa da ta dace a lokacin bazara da kwanciyar hankali a cikin hunturu.
- Kuna buƙatar kulawa da tsire-tsire a hankali, saboda ko da ƙwanƙwasa guda ɗaya na lalacewa na iya rage yiwuwar fure.
- A cikin lokacin kaka, ya zama dole a rage yawan ban ruwa, kuma kusa da hunturu don dakatar da su gaba daya. Kuna iya fara sha kawai a watan Maris, da farko spraying cacti da ruwa.
- A cikin hunturu, yana da daraja ajiye tsirrai a cikin ɗaki mai sanyi mai haske mara nauyi.
- Lokacin da aka haifi fure, cacti ba za'a iya dasa shi da takin ba, in ba haka ba to akwai damar zama ba tare da fure ba.
Girma garin murtsunguwa a cikin tukunyar gauraya yayi saurin tashi fure. A wannan yanayin, yana da kyau kar a juya shi ga rana ta fuskoki daban-daban, in ba haka ba zai rasa damar yin fure.
Iri cacti na fure tare da hotuna da sunaye
Cactus Mammillaria yana da sifa mai sihiri na kara, kore mai launuka mai launuka, har zuwa santimita 25. Siffar fasalin sa shine farin bakin zaren da ke ɗaure tsawon hancin.
Ana sanya furanni masu ruwan shuɗi ko Lilac saman saman murtsunguwa. Yawancin lokaci furanni yana kama da warin furanni.
Cactus Opuntia Yana da rassa mai lebur wanda aka rufe da ƙayayyun ƙaya. Sabili da haka, idan ana kula da shuka, dole ne a kula sosai. Jikinta a sauƙaƙe zai karye kuma ya sami makale a cikin fata ɗan adam. A lokacin rani, Opuntia fure tare da manyan fure furanni. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari za a iya ɗaure su, daga abin da aka shirya jita-jita iri-iri a Amurka. Opuntia tana girma cikin yanayi na yanayi mai ban sha'awa: a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi da daji, hamada da hamada, savannas, a kan tekun.
Cactus peyote daga halittar Lofofora ƙananan, launin toka-kore, ba tare da ƙaya ba. A yanayi, yana girma a Mexico da wasu jihohin Amurka. Fiye da mazaunin wuri shine mai tsakuwa mai kyau. Thearshen saman murtsunmu yana kama da motsi mai laushi, kuma ɓangaren ƙananan tushe yana cikin ƙasa. Furanni suna bayyana a saman, fari ko ruwan hoda. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne elongated ja berries wanda ya haifar a ko'ina cikin bazara.
Doka ta hana shigo da Peyote a Rasha tunda 2004 saboda haramcin hallucinogenic shine mescaline, wanda yake a cikin daskararren tsire-tsire.
Cactus Cereus - Abune mai alfahari ga yan lambu da yawa. Sashin layi na katako mai kauri tare da toshewa a wasu hakarkarinsa wani lokaci yana da tsayi har zuwa mita 1. A kan haƙarƙarinsu dogaye ne kuma kaifi. A lokacin rani, Cereus ya fara fure. Wasu daga cikin jinsunan suna da furanni har zuwa 15 cm a tsayi. Abin sha'awa shine, fure a cikin nau'ikan Cereus daban-daban ba ɗaya bane. Wasu nau'ikan sun yi fure da rana, wasu kuma da dare.
Cactus echinopsis fassara daga Girkanci yana nufin kamar-like. An bambanta tsiron da mai karayar kore mai fure tare da haƙarƙarin rijiyoyin da gajere. A nan gaba, tushe yana iya zama silili. Manyan furanni masu kushe da furanni na iya samun diamita na har zuwa 20 cm, zo da fararen fari, ja ko ruwan hoda. Suna farawa da yamma, kuma tsakar dare ƙanshinsu mai ƙanshi ya zama da ƙarfi sosai. Fulawa yana farawa daga bazara kuma ya ƙare a cikin kaka. Furanni suna kasancewa a kan kara tsawon kwanaki 2-3.
Cactus Gymnocalicium fassara daga Girkanci a matsayin danda kofin. A murtsunguwa mai siffar zobe, wanda ke dauke da furanni apical tare da dogon bututu ba tare da aski da ƙaya ba. 
A cikin mai tushe babu chlorophyll, saboda haka suna launin rawaya, ja, ruwan hoda. A dogayen da aka samu akwai abubuwa masu fashewa. Ganye yana farawa da wuri, da shekaru 3-4.
Na dabam, yana da mahimmanci a faɗi game da Euphorbia mai maye daga dangin Euphorbia, wanda kuma ana kiranta Euphorbia cactus. Wannan ciyayi ne da ke da ƙananan ganye da kuma inflorescences na asali mai haske. Idan kun kula da shuka yadda yakamata, to 25-30 inflorescences na iya yin fure a kai a lokaci guda. A cikin yanayin, Euphorbia ya zama ruwan dare gama duniya. A cikin Rasha, ana iya gani a gefen bankunan koguna, kusa da hanyoyi da kuma a cikin filayen.
Euphorbia ya ƙunshi ruwan milky mai guba. Zai iya tsokanar konewar fata da membranes, da kuma take hakkin narkewar abinci idan ya shiga ciki.
Euphorbia ba shi da ma'ana ga yanayin tsare, a duk tsawon lokacin yana da bayyanar ado. A cikin hunturu, dole ne a sanya shuka a cikin daki mai sanyi kuma ba a shayar da shi don hana lalacewar tushe ba.
