Kasuwanni da kasuwanni suna ba da karas iri-iri na shekara daban-daban na girma a duk sasanninta na duniya. Amma ina son kaina - mai dadi, mai ban sha'awa, na halitta (ba tare da kowane nau'in sunadarai ba), tare da warin kayan lambu mai daɗi. Kuna iya cin wannan idan kun shuka shi da kanku. Amma karas kayan lambu ne waɗanda ba a adana talauci, da sauri rasa danshi, bushewa, kuma sau da yawa kawai rot a tsakiyar hunturu. Yadda ake ajiye karas Waɗanne dalilai ke saurin lalacewarsa lokacin ajiya? Waɗanne hanyoyi ne don ba da ajiya? Wannan littafin namu ne.
Yadda za a adana karas?
Yadda za a mika rayuwar shiryayye na karas?
Don ƙara rayuwar shiryayye na karas, dole ne:
- girma kawai irin nau'in karas;
- bi duk bukatun fasahar aikin gona (juyar da amfanin gona, shuka, sha, ciyawa, kariya daga cututtuka da kwari);
- kada kuyi amfani da nau'ikan karas don ƙarshen ajiya. A ƙarshen ba su da lokaci zuwa ripen, tara isa sukari da zare. Yana da mahimmanci musamman a bi wannan buƙatar a yankuna tare da ɗan kankanin lokaci. Better mafi tsayi tsakiyar, tsakiyar marigayi iri daban-daban ripening kwanakin.
Lokacin kwanciya karas don ajiya, shiri mai kyau na ajiya da kwantena, bin ka'idojin ajiya ya zama dole.
Bukatun adana kayan lambu na karas
Yana da mahimmanci a zaɓi hanyar ajiya da ta dace kuma shirya wurin ajiya.
Za a iya ajiye karas a cikin matattarar kayan masarufi, rami na kayan lambu, a cikin gidaje a cikin baranda da keɓe da katako, a wasu wuraren sanannen. Ba tare da la'akari da hanyar ajiyar ba, dole ne a cika sharuɗan masu zuwa:
- yanayin zafi tsakanin + 1 ... + 2 ° С.
- zafi iska 85 ... 90%.
Matsakaicin yanayin ajiya shine 0 ... + 1 ° C. A waɗannan yanayin zafi, za a iya tayar da danshi a cikin ajiya zuwa 90 ... 95%. Ba za ku iya rage yawan zafin jiki zuwa -1 ° C ko ƙasa ba, tunda tushen nama yana daskarewa kuma ya fara jujjuyawa, ya fara ƙira, kuma a sama + 2 ° C tsiron Tushen tushen, ana cutar da cututtukan fungal sosai.
Hanyar don adana karas
Mafi kyawun da mafi tsayi karas ana adana su a cikin kogi, bushe, yashi mai laushi. Don kewaya daga cututtukan fungal da sauran cututtukan, ana fuskantar calcination ko dumama a zazzabi mai zafi (a cikin yashi mai ruɓi, amfanin gona tushen galibi sau da yawa). Wasu lambu shawara ba kai loamy yashi, amma loam, amma yana da mafi wuya ga disinfect.
Baya ga yashi, busasshen ciyawar ciyawa, albasa mai yaushi, itacen ash, da alli ana amfani da su wajen dasa tushen amfanin gona lokacin ajiya. Toka da alli alli ne kawai aka sanya ƙura don keɓancewa kuma yana yaɗar da yaduwar rot. Ya fi dacewa don adana karas a cikin kwantena mai laushi.
Ka yi la’akari da wasu hanyoyin adana karas cikin dalla dalla.
Adanar karas a cikin yashi
Tushen tushen za'a iya adanar kai tsaye a cikin tarin yashi (ba tare da duwatsu ba). Tare da iyakataccen yanki da aka keɓe don ajiyar hunturu na kayan kayan lambu, ana tanada karas a cikin kwalaye. An zaɓi kwandon don taro na karas a kilogiram 10-25. Ana katse kwantena na katako tare da bayani na daskarar da ƙwayar potassium ko an yi mata wanki da ruwan lemun tsami. A bushe kuma a sanya karas domin tushen amfanin bai taɓa shi ba. Kowace jere na karas an yayyafa shi da yashi da aka riga aka shirya.
Wasu lambu ko da pre-rigar da yashi a cikin kudi of 1 lita na ruwa a kowace guga yashi da Mix shi sosai.
Adanar karas a cikin yashi.
Ma'ajin karas a cikin sauran magabata
Madadin yashi, ana iya amfani da karas daga sawun busassun ciyawa ko bushe albasa don adana karas. Hanyoyi don shirya kwantena da yanayin ajiya iri ɗaya ne na farar yashi. Ifean itacen fari da kuma albasa kwasfa suna da haɓaka mai lalacewa, wanda ke hana jujjuyawar da tsufa na shuka amfanin gona.
Yi amfani da adanar karas na gansakken ƙwayar sphagnum
Dole ne a lalata kwandon. A wannan yanayin, zai fi kyau kada ku wanke karas, amma kawai a bushe su kaɗan a cikin inuwa m (ba a rana ba). Ya kamata a sanyaya kayan masarufi mai dumama kuma sai a dage farawa a cikin kwantena masu shirya, madadin layuka na karas tare da bushe ƙanshin sphagnum. Moss yana da abubuwan maganin antiseptik, cikin sauƙi yana riƙe da adadin carbon dioxide da ake buƙata. Kayan karas masu lafiyayyen kwano don ajiya a zahiri basu fitar da sharar gida. Moss-light mai nauyi-nauyi ba ya yin nauyi a cikin kwalaye tare da albarkatun ƙasa, kamar yashi, ko katako.
Dipping karas a cikin Akwatin Sadarwar Clay
Idan babu yashi, sawdust, bawon albasa, zaku iya amfani da wannan hanyar. Kafin ajiyar, da karas an tsoma shi cikin yumɓu na yumɓu (dakatar da maɓo mai ɗanɗano), bushe da canja shi zuwa akwati mai lalacewa. Clay yakamata ya kasance mai tsabta, ba tare da lalatattun ƙasa ba, Tushen, ciyawa, da dai sauransu. Zai yuwu ku tsoma baki ba kowane irin amfanin gona bane, amma nan da nan sai a ɗaga akwatin duka ko kwandon shara.
Bayan kammala fitar da mai magana da ya wuce, ana sanya kwantena a kan ƙananan shelves ko tallafi kuma an bushe shi har tsawon kwanaki 1-2 tare da haɓakar iska (don bushewa da saurin saurin kan amfanin gona da ganuwar ganga). Ta wannan hanyar, ana kiyaye amfanin gona daga wilting da rot.
Clay a cikin shirye-shiryen mai magana za'a iya maye gurbinsu da alli. Bi da tushen amfanin gona wasu lokuta bugu da sprinkari yana yafa masa sawdust - zai fi dacewa coniferous. Su phytoncides kashe pathogenic fungi, dakatar da putrefactive tsari.
Adanar karas a cikin jaka
Jaka filastik
Yawancin lokuta yan lambu sun fi son adana karas a cikin jaka filastik ko jaka mai sukari tare da ƙarfin 5 zuwa 20 kg. Jaka dauke da karas ana cakuɗe su sosai a jere akan sigogin, a buɗe. Ana samar da isasshen isashshen oxygen zuwa ga albarkatun gona, an tara tarin carbon dioxide. Lokacin da aka ɗaura wuya a cikin jakunkuna, abubuwan da ke cikin carbon dioxide na iya ƙaruwa zuwa 15% ko fiye. A irin waɗannan yanayi, karas yana ƙaruwa da sauri (a cikin makonni 1.5-2).
A cikin jaka filastik a bangon ciki tare da babban zafi, danshi yana bayyana. Idan aka saukar da danshi, raɓa zai shuɗe. Danshi na yanayi a cikin jaka na filastik mai buɗewa tare da albarkatun gona mai tushe daga 94-96%. Irin waɗannan yanayi sun fi dacewa. Karas baya bushewa kuma an adana shi sosai. Ragewar bai wuce 2% na tushen tushen amfanin gona ba.
Jaka na sukari
Irin waɗannan jakunkuna galibi suna da rufin ɗakin polyethylene na ciki, wanda ke haifar da danshi don tarawa da kayan lambu da suka lalace. Sabili da haka, kafin sanya karas, an sanya ƙananan ƙananan incis a cikin su (dole a cikin ƙananan jakar) don musayar iska mafi kyau da raguwa a cikin taro na carbon dioxide, kuma an ɗaura wuya a wuya ko ma an bar rabin buɗe. Tushen Tushen ana yayyafa shi da ash ko alli (kamar dai an yi pollinated kafin kwanciya). Sauran kulawa don adanar karas iri daya ne kamar yadda ake cikin jaka a filastik.
Ba duk nau'ikan karas sun dace da tanadin dogon lokaci ba.
Ana shirya karas don ajiya
Ba kowane irin karas bane za'a iya ajiyewa. Daga baya nau'ikan unripe a lokacin ajiya zai zama m, m, rasa juiciness. Iri-iri na farko suna da taushi. Su a '' yar alamar take hakkin da bukatun zafin jiki da kuma zafi a cikin shagon fara mold, rot da kuma sprout.
Don adanawa, ya fi kyau a zaɓi nau'ikan karas na balaga na balaga na matsakaici (girbi wanda aka girbe don kwanaki 100-110). Fara girbi za a iya ƙaddara ta yanayin fi. Idan ƙananan ganye ya fara juyawa - lokaci yayi da za'a girbe amfanin gona.
A cikin yanayin bushewa, kwanaki 7 kafin girbi, gadaje tare da karas suna shayar da su sosai. Idan ana sa ran ruwan sama mai ƙarfi, kuna buƙatar girbi kafin su fara. A cikin hadari mai ruwa, yanayin rigar, amfanin gona da aka girbe ya bushe a ƙarƙashin wata alfarwa tare da kyakkyawan iska ko daftarin.
Digging ko jan karas daga ƙasa ya kamata a yi a hankali sosai, a kiyaye kada a lalata amfanin gona. Lokacin girbi daga amfanin gona mai tushe, suna ƙoƙari su girgiza ƙasa ba tare da lalacewa na inji ba (daga bugun juna, ƙyallen daga cokali mai yatsa, tsintsaye, da sauransu). Kasancewa a ƙasa ya fi kyau kawai tsabtace a hankali tare da safar hannu mai taushi.
Tushen da aka girbe na karas bai buƙatar tsabtace gabaɗaya daga ƙasa, ba a ba da shawarar yin wanka ba. Adana lokaci mai tsawo a cikin iska tare da fiɗa waɗanda ba a buɗe ba zai haifar da wilting mai sauri, kuma a cikin hunturu ga cututtuka.
Zai fi kyau a yanka fi a ranar girbi karas ko gobe. Lokacin yankan yatsun, suna barin wutsiya wanda bai wuce 1 cm ba. Nazarin da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa cikakkiyar amfanin gona mai kyau tare da yanke fiɗa tare da kafadu (saman shine 1-2 mm, wanda ake kira layin idanu na bacci) kuma ƙananan wutsiya suna da mafi kyawun adana (ƙarancin rashin lafiya, ba ya ƙonewa, baya tsiro). Amma a lokaci guda, dole ne a lura da bukatun ajiya.
Nan da nan bayan an yanke firam, ana girbe karas a karkashin alfarwa, a iska ko, idan ya cancanta, a bushe kuma a keɓe. Yana da muhimmanci sosai a sanya 'ya'yan itatuwa da aka bushe a wurin ajiya. Rigar, bushe sosai zai zama m a lokacin ajiya da kuma rot.
Lokacin da aka ware don ajiya, cikakken lafiya, m, an zaɓi amfanin gona masu yawa. Tushen Tushen da aka zaɓa don ajiya zai iya tsayayya da kwanaki 4-6 a cikin duhu a ɗaki mai zafi na + 10 ... + 12 ° С. Karas da aka narke a waɗannan yanayin zafi ana adana shi don ajiya ta amfani da ɗayan hanyoyin da aka bayyana a sama ko amfani da ingantaccen kuma abin musamman naka.
