Halin halittar Areca ya hada da nau'ikan tsirrai 55 na jikinsu waɗanda ke cikin gundumar areca ko dabino. A cikin daji, suna girma a tsibiran tsibiran Malay, a cikin wurare masu zafi na Asiya, a Ostiraliya, da kuma tsibirin New Guinea.
Areca mafi yawa ana girma a matsayin itaciyar dabino mai kauri tare da kututtuttukan da yawa, ƙasa da ɗaya tare da akwati ɗaya, sikelin da ke da alamar zobe. Rufin ganye yana cirrus tare da launi mai haske mai haske, ganye suna tsefe-kamar, yalwataccen fili, lanceolate, dissected a cikin apex.
Jinsuna da iri
Kafa uku An samo shi a cikin daji a sashin ginin Malacca da Indiya. Dankin yana da gangar jikin da yawa wanda ya kai mita 2-3 a tsayinsa kuma 2.5-5 santimita a diamita, an rufe su da ƙaiƙayi masu fasalin zobe. Murfin ganye kamar pinnate, madaidaiciya, ba mai ɗorawa arcuate, ya kai mita 1,5.5 tsawon. Ganyayyaki masu ƙyalli suna da faɗin faifai 45-90 cm kuma faɗin santimita 2.5-3.5. Axillary inflorescences ya kai mita 1 a tsayi. Furanni masu kamshi da farin launi. 'Ya'yan itacen bai wuce santimita 2.5 ba tsawonsa. Ana daukar wannan nau'in kayan ado sosai kuma ana horar da su a ɗakunan dumi.
Areca Catechu ko cin amana yayi tsiro cikin daji a cikin Malay Archipelago, Gabashin Indiya da yankin bakin teku na Malacca Peninsula. Dankin yana da gangar jikin guda daya, wanda ya kai tsawan mita 25 a tsayinsa kuma 5th santimita 5 cm a diamita, akwai kuma kamshin da ke da sifar da ke a cikin gindin. Mayafin murfin yana ɗaukar hoto, cirrus, ya kai mita 1.1-1.8 a tsayi.
Leaflets an shirya su da yawa, girma zuwa 40-45 santimita a tsayi da kuma santimita 3 a faɗi. Infinrescences na sinuous, wanda aka kafa a cikin axils na ƙananan ganye, ya kai 60 santimita a tsayi. Furanni masu kamshi da farin launi. 'Ya'yan itacen sun girma zuwa 4-5 santimita a tsayi tare da tsaba masu launin shuɗi, wanda a biyun ya kai kusan santimita 2 a diamita. Hakanan ana ɗaukar ra'ayi sosai ado.
Alamar korewa Yana girma daji a cikin Malaysia kuma ana ɗaukarsa jinsin halitta ne na ado. Dankin yana da madaidaiciya kuma mai bakin ciki a cikin ƙarancin ƙyallen shekara, wanda ya kai mita 10 a tsayi. Murfin ganye yana ɗaukar hoto, cirrus, ya kai mita 1-1.3 a tsayi. Leaflets an shirya shi sosai kuma yayi girma zuwa 20-35 santimita a tsayi da kuma santimita 3 a faɗi.
Kulawar gida na Areca
Lokacin da girma areca a gida, yana buƙatar samar da hasken rana, amma shuka zai iya jure da inuwa. Hakanan ana ba da izinin hasken rana kai tsaye, kawai yayin lokacin daga Mayu zuwa Yuli, ya zama dole don tabbatar da inuwa daga awanni 11 zuwa 15 daga hasken rana kai tsaye.
Tare da wuce haddi na hasken rana, ganye suna fara yin lanba, kuma kunar rana a jiki a jikin platinum. A ƙarami na shekaru 5-6, itatuwan dabino suna da hankali sosai ga hasken rana kai tsaye. A ƙarƙashin tasirinsa, ganye ya juya da sauri ya zama rawaya ya mutu. Specarin samfuran manya da suka girmi shekaru 6 ba su damu da hasken rana kai tsaye ba, murfin ganye na iya yin haske, amma ba zai mutu ba.
Don kiyaye daidaitaccen siffofin, ana bada shawara don jujjuya ƙwayar 180 digiri, a kewayen guntayen, tare da adadin makonni biyu.
Tsarin tsire-tsire na maza da suka fi shekaru 10 suna iya jurewa jinkirin saukar cikin zafin jiki zuwa digiri 6 ƙasa da sifiri. Amma murfin takardar ba sanyi ne mai tsaurin sanyi ba, zai iya jure faɗuwar zafin jiki na ɗan gajeren lokaci zuwa 0 digiri. Tare da tsawan lokaci mai tsawo zuwa zazzabi mai sifiri akan tsire-tsire, yana iya haifar da mummunar lalacewa ko ma mutuwa.
Yankin zazzabi na turɓayar ƙasa don ingantaccen ci gaban shuka ana ɗaukar shi zuwa digiri 21 zuwa 27, tare da yawan zafin jiki na sama har zuwa digiri 35.
Watering da zafi
Tun da tsire-tsire mai zafi ne, yana buƙatar samar da zafi mai zafi, amma kuma yana iya haɓaka cikin yanayin matsakaicin matsakaici. Amma a yanayin zafi, ƙarancin shuka ya lalace, fannin ganyen magarin ya ragu, tukwicin ganyen ya bushe. Hakanan wajibi ne don kare shuka daga daftarin, wanda ke haifar da lalacewar murfin ganye da raguwa a cikin ƙwaryar shuka gaba ɗaya.
Areca yana buƙatar yawan shayarwa, tare da bushewa mai sauƙi na ƙasa tsakanin waterings. Amma kar a manta cewa yawan yin shuka na shuka na iya haifar da tushen rot kuma, a sakamakon haka, mutuwar shuka. Hakanan dole ne a guji ruwa a kambi na dabino, musamman ma a cikin mara kyau mara kyau da yanayin sanyi.
Babban dalilin mutuwar shuka shine danshi mai yawan wuce gona da iri, areca kusan a ruwa, a sakamakon wannan, tushen tsarin rots. Tare da duhu na duka tsire-tsire, da kuma bayyanar alamun lalata, wannan alama ce cewa ƙasa na shuka yana da ruwa sosai. Wuce ruwa mai tsayi ya kamata a cire shi daga cikin saucer don awanni da yawa. Lokacin da ƙasa ta bushe, tukwicin ganye yakan mutu, kuma a cikin tsoffin tsire-tsire sukan zama rawaya.
Areca dabino ne sosai m ga ruwa, shi wajibi ne don amfani da ruwan sama ruwan sanyi ko tsarkakken kwalba ruwa don ban ruwa. Sakamakon gaskiyar cewa dabino yana kula da sinadarin chlorine, kafin amfani da ruwan famfo, ya zama dole a kare shi akalla a rana.
Ilasa da taki domin dabino areca
Ilasa don itacen dabino na areca an zaɓi acidic ko tsaka tsaki tare da pH na 6-7.8. Hakanan, kasar gona ya kamata ta kasance mai kwance kuma ta samar da magudanan ruwa mai sauri. Optasa mafi kyau da aka haɗa shine lokacin da, bayan shayar da shuka, ruwa ya sa siminti da magudanar ruwa ta cikin magudanar ruwa ta wani sakan. Consideredaya daga cikin abubuwan da ba su dace ba ana la'akari da guda ɗaya wanda cikin magudanar ruwa na mintina da yawa.
Don mafi kyawun magudanar ruwa na substrate, zaka iya amfani da: pebbles, m perlite, m sand, pumice, peate peas, da granite.
Yin amfani da ƙasa mai yumbu ko kowane abu mai cike da kyawawan barbashi mai kyau, kazalika da yashi mai kyau tare da guntun ƙasa da milimita 3, zaka rage zubar da ƙasa.
Ilasa don girma areca ana iya yin ta: 1 part pine haushi tare da guntu na akalla 20 millimita, 1 sashi pumice ko slag, 2 sassan m peatble, 1 yanki guntu tare da guntu na 12 millimita ko dolomite tsakuwa, 1 part perlite, 1 part gawayi tare da murabba'i na akalla milimita 10 da kuma sassan 0.1 na abincin kashi.
Ya kamata a guji amfani da abubuwan da aka gyara waɗanda basu riƙe tsarin su ba lokacin shirya substrate ko mulching shi. Irin waɗannan abubuwan zasu iya haifar da lalata ruwa na ƙasa. Don warkarwa, tsire-tsire suna amfani da perlite ko pumice tsarkakakken azaman dasa ƙasa.
Ana ciyar da tsire-tsire a cikin zamani daga Afrilu zuwa Agusta, ta yin amfani da taki don tsirrai na cikin gida tare da yawan lokuta sau ɗaya a kowane mako biyu. Mafi kyawun rabo shine N: P: K = 9: 6: 3. Hakanan wajibi ne don samar da kayan miya na sama na kowane wata tare da microelements yayin kakar girma.
Tare da rashin abinci mai gina jiki, matsalolin halayyar na iya tasowa:
- Nitrogen - tare da rashi na wannan abun, launin murfin dabino ya zama mai haske kore, kuma shuka tayi tsawanta.
- Potassium - tare da rashi na potassium, translucent rawaya ko lemo mai bayyana ya bayyana, da farko akan tsoffin ganye, kuma bayan ɗan lokaci kuma za a sami necrosis na gefuna. Bayan wani lokaci, ganyen ya bushe, ya bushe, daga nan sai jijiyoyin da ganyen suma su zama ruwan lemu.
- Magnesium - alamomin farko na rashi na wannan kayan sun bayyana akan tsoffin rubutattun wannana, wannan yanki ne mai yalwar launi mai launin rawaya mai gefen gefen ruwan ganye.
- Manganese - Rashin manganese ya bayyana akan sabbin ganye, kamar chlorosis da ba a bayyana ba. Ganyen yana da rauni mai rauni, ƙarami kaɗan fiye da yadda ya kamata. Rashin ƙarfi na wannan kayan ana iya lalacewa ta hanyar insolubility na wannan abu a babban pH ko ƙananan ƙananan zafin jiki a cikin yanayi mai sanyi.
- Zinc - tare da rashin zinc, ƙananan aiyukan necrotic sun bayyana.
Areca dasawa da girki
An dasa tsire-tsire na Areca a cikin mafi kyawun lokaci, a cikin watan Afrilu. Shi, kamar duk amfanin gona na dabino, ana bada shawara a rushe shi lokacin da tushen tushen ya cika kwano. Matakan itacen dabino suna buƙatar juyawa na shekara-shekara, amma samfurori na manya kawai sau ɗaya kowace shekara uku. Lokacin hulɗa, ya zama dole a yanke tare da wuka mai kaifi na tushen da ke haifar da jin daɗin don ya dace da shuka a cikin sabon kwano.
Hakanan ya kamata ku tuna da matakin zurfafa na shuka zuwa kwanciyar hankali da ci gaba da shi a cikin tsari, a kowane hali kada ku zurfafa dabino fiye da yadda yake. Wani kuskuren gama gari shine dasa shuki ƙananan tsire-tsire a cikin manyan jita, wannan zai cutar da shuka sosai.
Wajibi ne a datse ƙarin harbe, in ba haka ba babban harbe na iya dakatar da haɓakarsa. Hakanan a yanke gawawwakin da yayyen ganye, da waɗancan ganyayyaki waɗanda suka jingina ƙasa da layin layi ɗaya.
A cikin akwati kada a yanke ganyayyaki waɗanda a ɗan canza launin su zuwa launin rawaya ko launin ruwan kasa. Hannun su yana jawo ragowar abinci mai gina jiki.
Lokacin girkin, yi hankali tare da ganga, bazai lalace ba. Idan yayin aikin cirewar dunƙarar da ke cikin ƙasa ta lalace kuma aka fallasa tsarin tushen, zai zama tilas a cire rabin murfin ganye don rage ɗumbin danshi. Hakanan, wanda bai isa ya cire ƙarin ganye ba sai itacen dabino ya jefar da su a cikin shekarar.
Areca dabino yaduwa ta hanyar zuriya
A lokacin da kiwo areca dabino tsaba, dole ne a soaked na minti 10 a cikin sulfuric acid. Suna yi shuka na makonni shida a yanayin zafi na 27 zuwa 30. A ƙananan zazzabi, lokacin shuka yana ƙaruwa sau 2-4. Dogon lokacin ajiya na tsaba a cikin zafin jiki da ƙarancin zafi yana rage tsiro.
Don seedlings, yana da buqatar samar da inuwa maras kyau da kuma kayan miya a kai a kai a kowane watanni uku tare da takaddun takaddun kudi a cikin nauyin 5 a kowace lita na ruwa, tare da rabo na N: P: K = 19: 6: 12
Sake bugun ta hanyar rarraba daji
A lokacin da wurin kiwo yake ta hanyar rarraba daji da samun ingantaccen shuka, injin din ya shuka tsirrai 15 a cikin kwano daya. A cikin mafi kyawun lokaci, Afrilu-Mayu.
Auki ƙasa haifuwa, ya ƙunshi sassan 2 na ganye humus, 2 sassan perlite da 1 ɓangare na ƙasar turf.
Mun zaɓi kayan abinci na girman girman da ake buƙata, muhimmin al'amari shine daidaituwa na girman tushen tsarin.
Da farko dai, muna fitar da daji daga jita-jita, wanda ake amfani dashi don dasa shuki. To, don sassauta ƙasa, girgiza tushen ball. Muna da hannu muna cire ƙasa wacce ke tsakanin tushen. A hankali, gujewa bushewa da lalacewa a cikin tushen, muna rarraba shuka. Sannan muna dasa dabbobin cikin kwano na daban, ta amfani da gurbin da aka ayyana, kuma muna shayar da itatuwan dabino.
Yanayin Rooting:
- Lighting: inuwa bangare ko haske mai yaduwa mai haske;
- zazzabi: ingantacce daga digiri 20 zuwa 25;
- zafi: ya fi kyau a kula da babba, amma ba ƙasa da 50% ba. Ya kamata ku kare seedlings daga daftarin kuma ku samar da ruwa, bayan ƙasa ta bushe 2 santimita a zurfi;
- lokacin tushen: yana faruwa daga 1 zuwa 2 makonni;
- nasara tushen: ganye ya zama na roba, yana yiwuwa a takin ƙasa a cikin yawan abin da aka ba da shawarar ga tsire-tsire.
Cutar da Rigakafin
Matsalar ƙwayar fata: shanyewar jiki da aibobi daga launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi zuwa baki ana samun su cikin farantin ganye. Halo ya juya ya zama launin toka kuma galibi yana kewaye da wuraren da abin ya shafa.
A karkashin yanayi mai kyau don ci gaban cutar, yankunan da abin ya shafa sun haɗu da manyan wuraren da ke cikin ganye. A wasu halayen, ganye mai lafiya lafiyayyen zai iya kasancewa yana rufe kansa da cutar kuturta.
Hanyar rigakafin: waɗannan matsalolin suna da wuya a tsire-tsire waɗanda ba a yayyafa su da ruwa. Don magance cutar, ya zama dole don samar da shuka tare da matsakaicin haske wanda za'a iya ba da izini, dangane da halayen jinsin da aka yarda da su.
Kulawar ganye
Lokacin yin ruwa, fashewar ruwa na iya gurɓata murfin ganye, dole ne a tsabtace su da flannel pre-moistened tare da maganin 5% na oxalic acid wanda ya biyo bayan shawa mai dumi kuma shafa murfin ganye bushe. Hakanan, shuka yana buƙatar cire ƙura na yau da kullun kowane mako biyu, yana goge murfin dabino tare da gogewar rigar.
Karku yi amfani da tsabtace kayan sinadarai, da alama chlorosis na murfin ganye yana ƙaruwa.
Itace na iya lalacewa ta hanyar kwari kamar kwari, gizo-gizo, kwari mai kwari, kwari da fari.
