Sulfate jan karfe don kulawa da kariya daga tsirrai

Daga cikin sinadaran da ake amfani da su a cikin kowane gida, sulfate na tagulla, wanda shine sinadarin lu'ulu'u na sulfate na jan karfe ko kuma na tagulla, ya yi nisa da na ƙarshe. Wannan abu mai guba ne ga mutane, amma ana amfani dashi sosai a fannoni daban daban na masana'antu da aikin gona.

Arin bayani game da jan karfe na tagulla

Tagulla (II) sulfate (sulfate na karfe) (CuSO₄) a cikin ma'adinin ma'adinai an san shi a ƙarƙashin sunaye da yawa: chalcanthite, butite, chalcianite, da sauransu An bayyana shi azaman mara wuta, wuta da abubuwa masu fashewa. Yana da babban hygroscopicity. Yana da kyau narkewa cikin ruwa, barasa da acid hydrochloric. Sau ɗaya a cikin yanayin gumi, yana ɗaukar kwayoyin 5 na ruwa, suna juyawa zuwa sulfate jan karfe (CuSO)₄5H₂O) wani sinadarin sulfate na jan karfe ne. Ya ƙunshi lu'ulu'u ne mai haske mai launin shuɗi mai haske, waɗanda suke narkewa cikin ruwa cikin sauƙi. A cikin yanayin bushewa, hydrates na crystalline sun rasa ruwa kuma suka juya zuwa farin farar fata ko farar fata.

Vitriol shine na kowa (maras muhimmanci) sunan wasu saltsin karfe na sulfate (jan karfe, iron, zinc, da sauransu). A cikin tsari na zamani, ana daukar sunayen marasa galihu irin waɗannan abubuwan more rayuwa, masu hankali, da karɓa a duk faɗin duniya.

Aikace-aikace na sulfate jan karfe

A yau, ana amfani da sulfate na tagulla a duk wuraren aikin ɗan adam, gami da cikin gidajensu:

• kamar taki;
• tushen microelements yayin saman miya na kayan lambu-Berry-lambu amfanin gona;
• azaman maganin kashe kwari don sarrafa cututtukan tsire-tsire da kwari;
• azaman maganin rigakafi don kare gidaje da gidaje daga lalacewa da ƙira.

Jerin aikace-aikace na sulfate na tagulla a cikin yanki ɗaya kawai yana da ban sha'awa, amma ana amfani da wannan abu a cikin mafi girma mai yawa a cikin masana'antar sunadarai da masana'antu:

• azaman kayan farawa don aiwatarwar ayyukan inorganic (misali: acetate fiber);
• a matsayin wani ɓangare na kayan lantarki a cikin fasahar galvanic tare da kwanon jan karfe na galvanic;
• azaman launi don miya na fata;
• a matsayin ruwan sa a lokacin shafawa;
• yayin hura wuta;
• don maganin antiseptik aiki na itace, da sauransu.

Hakanan ana amfani da sulfate na karfe a cikin masana'antar abinci:

• a matsayin mai kara abinci a karkashin lambar K519;
• ana amfani da abubuwa masu guba na ƙwayoyin jan karfe a matsayin abin kariya;
• a cikin kerar wasu samfurori, ana amfani dasu azaman gyaran kayyaki don canza launi, da sauransu.

Ya shahara a madadin magani a matsayin maganin halitta. Koyaya, muna so mu yi muku gargaɗi game da magani tare da madadin da madadin hanyar amfani da ƙwayoyin baƙin ƙarfe. Jan karfe ita ce mafi tsananin guba!

Ka'idar sulfate

Lokacin da aka fallasa shi ga wata tsiro, sulfate jan karfe tana taka rawa biyu.

1. samfurin magani a cikin abubuwan da ke tattare da takin mai magani na kere kere da kuma magungunan magunguna don tsirrai

• jan ƙarfe wani ɓangare ne na enzymes wanda ke da alhakin tsarin sake fasalin da ke faruwa a gabobin tsire-tsire;
• halartar nitrogen da metabolism metabolism, wanda ke ƙara juriya ga tsirrai zuwa mummunan tasirin cututtukan fungal da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta;
• kwararar jan ƙarfe a cikin gabobin tsire-tsire yana taimaka wajan haɓaka abubuwan sukari a cikin tushen tushen, berries da 'ya'yan itatuwa, kazalika da furotin da mai a cikin ƙwayoyin mai, sitaci a cikin dankali, shine, yana da tasiri sosai kan ingancin' ya'yan itatuwa kuma a lokaci guda yana ƙara yawan amfanin gona na amfanin gona.

2. Samfurin kemikal tare da sakamako mai lalacewa

• ions jan ƙarfe suna lalata ɓarna mai ɓarna da mycelium kanta;
• shiga cikin hulɗa tare da mahaɗan enzymatic sel sel; haifar da canje-canje da ba a maye gurbinsu ba a cikin kwayar halitta ta salula da kuma mutuwar mold da kumburi, kwayan cuta da sauran cututtuka;
• miyagun ƙwayoyi suna da inganci a kan cin amana da tsotsa kwari;
• magani mai guba don amfani akan manyan yankuna; saboda yawan guba, ana bada shawara don amfani da niyya a kananan wuraren gidajen rani da gidaje.

Lokacin aikace-aikacen jan karfe na tagulla

Sulfate jan karfe yana da acidic kuma yana da sakamako mai ƙonewa. Sabili da haka, ana amfani dashi don maganin amfanin gona na kayan lambu da kuma berries:

• kafin farawa, don kare su daga ƙone-ƙone na kemikal;
• narkar da jan karfe na tagulla wanda ake amfani da itaciyar bishiyoyi ba ya cutar da tsiron kuma a zahiri ba a kashe shi da ruwan sama;
• bayan kammala lalata foliage.

Fesa tare da jan karfe a cikin ganye wanda ya fadi na ganye yana taimakawa ci gaba da jan ƙarfe a cikin ƙasa. Ya tara a cikin ƙasa, kuma ya shiga tsire-tsire. Ta hanyar yawaita, yana tarwatse hanyoyin tafiyar da rayuwa wanda ke faruwa a tsirrai a lokacin girma, kuma yana sa ganye da ganyayyaki su fadi.

Wasu yan lambu da kuma lambu suna amfani da mafita na gurɓataccen sulfate (1-1.5% bayani) don kula da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a lokacin aikin kwari na kwari (haifuwar epiphytotic da yawan taro na larvae). Lokaci guda yana fesawa. Ana aiwatar da aiwatar da kasa da kwanaki 10-20 kafin girbi.

Ba a amfani da fesawa mai launin shuɗi ba a lokacin girma a kan kayan lambu, a maye gurbinsa da cakuda Bordeaux.

Kara karantawa game da ruwa Bordeaux, yadda ake shirya da amfani dashi a cikin labarin "Bordeaux ruwa a cikin aikin lambu."

Dokokin sarrafa tsire-tsire tare da maganin maganin tagulla

Lokacin amfani da sulfate na tagulla don kula da tsire-tsire, wajibi ne don tsananin tsayar da shawarar sashi na miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin bayani (tsire-tsire da aka shirya "da ido" na iya ƙone tsire-tsire).

Don lura da tsire-tsire a farkon bazara, ana amfani da 1% na maganin tagulla a kan ƙananan bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi da 3% akan tsofaffi masu kauri. Lokacin sarrafa amfanin gona, yana da mahimmanci a kula da ƙarancin halayen amfani da maganin warware kowace shuka.

Ana aiwatar da jiyya a farkon bazara tare da maganin farin ƙarfe a farkon shekarun Maris (kafin farawar kumburin koda) a matsakaicin yawan zafin jiki na + 5 ... + 6 ° C. A cikin kaka, ana maimaita magani, amma wajibi ne don canza shirye-shiryen don guje wa tarawar jan ƙarfe a cikin ƙasa.

Isasa ta ɓata tare da bayani na 3-5% na sulfate na tagulla, rarraba shi tare da mai sprayer a farfajiya, biye shi cikin ƙasa. Ana aiwatar da aiwatarwa sau 1 a cikin shekaru 3-5 tare da gabatarwar wajibi na humus ko takin.

Kafin sarrafa bishiyoyi da bushes na bishiyoyi, duk aikin tsabtace tsabtace jiki ana aiwatar da su: sun cire tsohuwar haushi, gami da rassa, marassa lafiya, bushe, girma a cikin kambi da bushes. Suna lura da sassan da raunuka tare da maganin maganin maye, kuma bayan bushewa, suna fenti tare da fenti ko kuma kusa da lambun var.

Tagulla na jan karfe ba shi da jituwa tare da wasu kwayoyi a cikin shirye-shiryen cakuda tanki.

Nessarfin maganin maganin farin ƙarfe sulfate yana ƙaruwa tare da tsire-tsire masu rarrabuwa sosai.

Lokacin kulawa da tsirrai ko ƙasa, ana yin spraying a cikin tufafi masu kariya, wanda dole ne a canza shi bayan aiki, shan shawa ko wanke fuska da hannu da sabulu.

Shiri na maganin maganin jan karfe

Don shirya bayani na sulfate jan karfe, ana amfani da gilashin ko filastik. Hanya mafi sauki don shirya mafita a cikin ruwa 10 na ruwa. Ana amfani da maganin a ranar shiri. Kada ku haɗasu tare da wasu kwayoyi fiye da lemun tsami.

Zuba adadin ƙwayar da aka auna a cikin akwati kuma, yayin da yake motsawa, zuba 1 lita na ruwan zafi (zazzabi ruwa bai wuce 45-50 ° C ba). A cikin ruwa mai sanyi da dumi, ana narke vitriol a hankali. Iya warware matsalar girgije ne. Yana shiga tsakani har sai lu'ulu'u na vitriol sun lalace gaba ɗaya. Ana ƙara lita 9 na ruwan zafi a lita 1 na shirye mai da hankali. Maganin aiki na baƙin ƙarfe sulfate an yarda ya kwantar da shi, ya sake motsawa da kyau, an tace shi daga ƙazamar ƙazantawa kuma jiyya na tsire-tsire yana farawa (Table 1).

Karku tanadi maganin baƙin ƙarfe akan mai ƙona wuta ko murhun wuta!

Tebur 1. Tsarin nauyi na jan karfe a cikin ruwa na 10 l na ruwa

Amfani da maganin maganin jan karfe na aiki da kayan lambu da kuma shuka bishiyoyi

Lokacin da ake sarrafa amfanin gona na 'ya'yan itace, yana da matukar muhimmanci kada a “zuba” shuka tare da bayani na jan ƙarfe, amma a yayyafa, da ƙarami, mafi kyawun jiyya. Maganin da ke gangarowa daga tsire-tsire cikin manyan saukad zai kara tsananta yanayin kasar gona, amma ba zai gyara lamarin ba.

Dangane da sakamakon shekaru masu yawa na lura da masu lambu, an samar da wadatattun hanyoyin magance matsalar kiba na tagulla don ingantaccen amfani ga kowace itaciya. An samo wadannan bayanan gwargwadon shekarun al'adun:

• a kan ƙaramin bishiya har zuwa shekaru 3, yawan amfani da maganin maganin baƙin ƙarfe na jan karfe zuwa 2 l;
• tare da fara aiki mai daraja a shekaru 3-4, yawanci yana ƙaruwa zuwa 3 lita kowace itaciya;
• a kan bishiyar shekara ta 4-6 tare da rawanin da aka kafa, yawan gudummawar maganin shine 4 l;
• an balagagge, itace mai bada itace da magani na 6 lita na maganin maganin jan karfe;
• don sarrafa bushes na amfanin gona na 'ya'yan itace, yawan maganin shine har zuwa 1.5 a kowace daji;
• don lalata ƙasa, ba tare da la'akari da maida hankali kan mafita ba, yi amfani da 2 l / sq. m square.

A cikin gidan kore ko a gadaje, an lalata ƙasa da mafita na jan karfe na karfe 0-1-1.0%, don buɗe ƙasa a gonar yana amfani da bayani na 3-5%.

Fesa tare da jan karfe na jan karfe (spraying shuɗi) ana aiwatar dashi a dukanin kambi da tushe na itacen. A cikin kaka, ana sake maimaita feshin ruwa, amma ana maye gurbin sulfate da wasu kwayoyi don kada tara tarin jan ƙarfe a cikin matattarar ƙasa.

Kariya daga albarkatun gona daga kwari da cututtuka

Farkon bazara da ƙarshen kaka da aka fesa tare da baƙin ƙarfe na jan ƙarfe yana lalata har zuwa 60-70% na larvae da suka rage na hunturu, karin kwari, mycelium da ɓarna na fungi, da sauran cututtuka. Jiyya suna sauƙaƙe kwararar tagulla don shuka gabobi da cire chlorosis.

Fesa tare da sulusin sulke yana da tasiri a cikin gonar da Berry a kan scab, spotting, moniliosis, coccomycosis, phyllosticosis, chlorosis, exanthema, tsatsa, rot, ganyayyaki mai kyau, ascochitosis, powdery mildew da sauran cututtuka.

Lokacin dasa shuki seedlings don kamfani na tushen tsarin daga cututtukan fungal da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, rage tushen a cikin 1% bayani na sulfate jan karfe na minti 3-5. Tsawon lokaci mai tsayi na iya ƙone asalin matasa.

Kuna iya siyan sulfate jan karfe a cikin shagunan ƙwarewa da sauran kantuna.

Kula! A kan kunshin jan karfe na tagulla akwai ƙarin cikakken bayani game da rushewa, amfani da manufar jiyya na shuka. Yin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi dole ne a aiwatar da shi daidai da waɗannan shawarwarin.