Babban cututtuka na ornamental conifers

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, conifers sun zama tartsatsi duka a cikin yanayin shimfidar wuraren shakatawa na birni, murabba'ai, tituna, da kuma gidajen rani. Wataƙila, babban rabo a cikin fifiko ga amfanin gona mai rikitarwa ga kayan conifers ya kasance ne don jan hankalin shekara-shekara, girbin ganyayyaki da ra'ayoyi na yaudara game da rashi cututtuka a cikin conifers. Wannan shi ne babban kuskuren lambu wanda ya yanke shawarar maye gurbin ko sake cike gurbin wuri mai faɗi tare da amfanin gona mai kyau.

Itatattun tsirrai a cikin lambun. JR P

Kusan a cikin lokacin rani gida kowane irin conifers na iya girma, musamman a tsakiya da arewacin tsiri na Rasha. Amma a yau, 'yan Kudu ma sun yanke shawarar cike wuraren nishaɗin birane da wuraren da ke kusa da waɗannan kyawawan al'adun.

Da farko kuna buƙatar sanin kanku tare da kundin tarihin conifers kuma zaɓi nau'ikan da zasu iya saba da yanayin kuma suna iya kasancewa cikin sabon yanayi a gare su. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin wani yanayi na daban waɗanda ke ɗaure tushen ƙarfi, rasa garkuwarsu kuma a sauƙaƙe zasu iya kamuwa da cututtuka masu yaduwa (daskarewa, raɓa, fungal da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta). Sabili da haka, a cikin farkon shekarun (shekaru 5-7), suna buƙatar cikakken kulawa sosai.

Idan an kirkiro yanayi mafi kyau ga masu haɗuwa a cikin ƙasar, amma har yanzu suna da raunin mara lafiya (ba su yi girma ba, raba rassa ko itacen gaba ɗaya, da dai sauransu), nan da nan dole ne a tantance irin lalacewar da za a iya rarrabu zuwa rukunoni 2:

wadanda ba cututtuka ba.
cututtuka.

Itatattun tsirrai a cikin lambun. © MrArtlover1

Rashin cututtukan da ba a kamasu ba na conifers

Ana iya haifar da cututtukan da ba a iya jurewa ta zuwa kamar haka ba:

ƙarancin kayan shuka,
na inji raunin da seedling,
tsarin tushen tsari
rashin wasu abubuwan gina jiki
kunar rana a jiki da bazarar rana, lokacin da tushen ba tukuna aiki a cikin ƙasa sanyi,
lokacin sanyi wanda yakan haifar da fashewa da mutuwa daga cikin haushi,
wuce haddi danshi (ko da tsautsayi na ruwa) na tushen tsarin da sauransu.

Wannan nau'in "cuta" ba a watsa shi zuwa wasu ƙwayar ba kuma ana iya gyara shi ta hanyar kula da tsirrai. Bayan duk hanyoyin, yana da amfani don kula da irin waɗannan seedlings da tsire-tsire na manya tare da shirye-shiryen nazarin halittu. Wannan zai kara karfin juriya ga tsirrai zuwa dalilai masu illa ga muhalli da kurakurai cikin kulawa. Daga cikin shirye-shiryen, rootin, super humisol, zircon, immunodeficiency, sillplant da sauran magunguna na kwayar halitta na zamani waɗanda ke da aminci ga lafiyar ɗan adam da dabba.

Cututtukan cututtuka na conifers

Cututtukan cututtukan cuta sune cututtukan da za a iya ɗaukarsu ta dabi'a ko ta wucin gadi zuwa wasu tsire-tsire. Irin waɗannan cututtukan sun haɗa da ƙwayar ƙasa da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta (fusarium da tushen rot, alternariosis, mold, bushewar rassan, tsatsa, ciwon daji, da sauransu). Cututtukan da ke sama suna halayyar 'ya'yan itace da wasu albarkatu masu tsabta kuma suna iya shafan conifers. Amma conifers suna da cututtukan cututtukan da ke halayyar irin wannan ciyayi kawai. Wannan abin kunya ne (launin ruwan kasa, dusar ƙanƙara, ba). Tushen maganin cutar wasu nau'ikan fungirai ne na ascomycetes da ke mamaye itace mai haifar da mutuwar shuka.

Na kowa (yaro) Pine shute. Wanda ake kira da naman gwari Lophodermium seditiosum. .S I.Sáček

Schütte launin ruwan kasa, dusar ƙanƙara, ba

Schütte ya buge daga junipers, pine, fir, spruce, cedars, cypress, thuja.

Ci gaban Cutar

Mycelium launin ruwan kasa shute naman gwari yana tasowa a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara a zazzabi na + 0.5 * C da sama. Bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke a cikin bishiyoyin coniferous, launin ruwan kasa wanda cutar cututtukan needles ya bayyana a bayyane. A kan allura marassa lafiya, kisan gwaiwa mai launin toka-a-bayyane a bayyane yake - mycelium mai tarin yawa. Idan ka duba a hankali (ta gilashin ƙara girman girman kai), dige baƙi a bayyane suke a bayyane - jikkunan 'ya'yan itace na ƙwayar cuta ta pathogen. Musamman mawuyacin halin su ne tsire-tsire matasa tare da raunana rigakafi bayan dasawa. A kan juniper, shute ya bayyana a kan tsohuwar allura daga baya - a farkon lokacin rani. Abubuwan da aka sa a allurai sun sami launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi ko launin ruwan kasa. A ƙarshen bazara, ana iya ganin duhun duhu a tukwanen allura - jikkunan mutane tare da ƙwayoyin fungal. A naman gwari ke tsiro mafi kyau a cikin gumi yanayi a kan raunana shuke-shuke. Mycelium da sauri yana cika itacen, yana yanke yiwuwar samun abinci mai amfani da needles. A allurai sun zama rawaya, bushe, kuma kusan ba su fadi. Jaka da keɓaɓɓun ƙwayoyi waɗanda ke yaduwa cikin hanzari cikin iska kuma suna shafar allurai lafiya. Dusar kankara na haifar da yanayin zama dole don hunturu. Sakamakon dusar ƙanƙara mai narkewar bazara, cutar ta sami dama don ƙarin saurin yaduwar cutar.

Gaskiya da dusar ƙanƙara tana shafan nau'ikan Pine. Wani naman gwari mai cutarwa yana tasowa a zafin jiki na kimanin 0 * C a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara. A lokacin bazara da farkon lokacin bazara, naman gwari yana girma sosai, yana tasiri itace. Jaka iri-iri na tsiro a cikin kaka. Abubuwan da aka shafa sun zama launin rawaya, juya ja-kasa-kasa. Bishiyoyi, musamman matasa, suna mutuwa.

Juniper Shute Wanda ake kira da naman gwari Lophodermium juniperinum. Gi fungi

Conifers daga jin kunya

Sakamako mai kyau yana ba da cikakkiyar matakan kariya.

Yankunan jinsunan coniferous masu tsauraran lalacewa ana shuka su a cikin gidajen rani da sauran yankuna.
Matasa seedlings ya kamata su sami keɓancewa daga manyan bishiyoyi da balagaggun daji.
A cikin gida na rani, ba a cire allurai marasa lafiya, an yanke rassan marasa lafiya da bushe. Teataccen yana ƙonewa.
A lokacin bazara, don dalilai na prophylactic da warkewa, conifers suna bi da 1-2% tare da ruwa na Bordeaux ko wasu shirye-shiryen tagulla, suna sauya su tare da magani tare da shirye-shiryen fungicidal (Skor, KhOM, Abiga-Peak, Purebloom, broth mai laushi da sauransu). A matsayin matakan hanawa, ana aiwatar da kula da bazara, kuma ana kula da tsire-tsire marasa lafiya bayan kwanaki 10-15-20 tare da kwayoyi a allurai bisa ga shawarwarin. Kuna iya yin maganin conifers tare da gaurayawar tanki, bayan bincika shirye-shirye don dacewa. Shirye-shirye ba kawai tsire-tsire ba, har ma da ƙasa. Ana samun sakamako mai kyau ta hanyar kulawa da ƙasa da sassan iska tare da biofungicides, phytosporin, gamair, planriz.

Fusarium da tushen rot na conifers

A causative wakili na fusarium (tracheomycosis) da kuma tushen rot ne ƙasa pathogenic fungi. Mafi sau da yawa, spruce, fir, Pine, larch suna shafar. A waje, cutar a cikin tsofaffi bishiyoyi da shrubs aka bayyana a cikin reddening na needles da zubar. Wani fasalin shine cuta na tsakiyar kambi a duk conifers. Banda shi ne Pine, wanda allura a kan mutum harbe juya rawaya. A cikin matasa plantings, Tushen fara rot. Seedlings juya launin ruwan kasa, kuma bayan tushen mutu a kashe, da shuka da dama zuwa gefe ɗaya.

Fusarium ya ci. Bra Nick Brazee

Mafi sau da yawa, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire na coniferous waɗanda ke cikin yankuna tare da babban abin da ya faru na ruwan karkashin kasa ke shafar. Lokacin dasa shuki akan manyan tsiran ƙasa, ba tare da ƙarin shirye-shiryen ramin rami ba. A cikin duka halayen, kyakkyawan malalewa da jikewa na cakuda ƙasa tare da kayan kwance (humus, peat da sauransu) sun zama dole.

Matakan kariya

Da farko dai, muna cire karkashin ruwa ko ruwa mai tarin yawa bayan narkewar dusar ƙanƙara da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi, saboda iskar oxygen ta iya gudana zuwa tushen. Muna kula da ƙasa da tushen tsarin tsirrai. Mun zube tushen tsarin tare da maganin cututtukan zuciya ko baseazole. Lokacin aiwatar da tsire-tsire a cikin ƙananan rani, musamman idan dangi yana da ƙananan yara, yana da kyau a yi amfani da samfuran halitta (biofungicides) - phytosporin, gamair, alirin, planriz. Daga gare su zaka iya shirya gaurayawan tanki kuma a lokaci guda aiwatar da kambi da ƙasa a ƙarƙashin tsire-tsire. Abubuwan ƙirar halitta suna da tasiri a cikin aiki na tsari a duk lokacin dumama.

Conifer tsatsa

Naman gwari yafi shafar larch da Pine. A cikin bazara, aibi-lemu mai launin shuɗi ya bayyana akan allura. Daga baya, mycelium ya kawo nau'ikan jaka masu dauke da abubuwa. An rufe allura tare da launin ruwan kasa. Wani fasalin lalacewar tsatsa shine cewa wasu matakai na ci gaba na naman gwari suna faruwa a kan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire iri iri kuma, idan yayi nasara, yana shafar albarkatun gona (iska, yanayin dam). Ustarƙar tsutsa zata iya shafar akwati da reshen itace na Weymouth Pine da Scots Pine. Abubuwan launin shuɗi-orange suna bayyana a cikin ruptures na bazu - mycelium tare da masu ɗaukar motattun abubuwa.

Juniper tsatsa Littleinfo

Matakan kariya

Don bi da tsire-tsire tare da togic na fungicides toorz (scor) ko strobe. Maimaita magani sau 2-3 a cikin kwanaki 15-20. Haɗin tukunya na waɗannan ƙwayoyi tare da ƙari na kartotsida yana da tasiri musamman. Don cakuda tanki, muna shirya mafita na kowace fungicide daban-daban kuma, bayan dubawa don dacewa, muna haɗuwa da su. An maida hankali ne kan mafita da tsirrai a bisa umarnin.

Altenariosis, danshi, da kuma cututtukan da ke lalacewar rassan

Altenariosis da launin toka mafi yawancin lokuta suna shafar sassan jikin matasa na juniper da arborvitae. Cutar ta bayyana kanta a cikin hanyar launin toka-launin ruwan kasa ko aibobi masu duhu. Harbi rasa rasa ado sakamako. Duba wuri kusa ya nuna cewa aibobi ya ƙunshi conidia na fungal, waɗanda ke zama tushen kamuwa da cuta daga tsirrai. Tsire-tsire suna rashin lafiya tare da kauri, shinge marasa shinge, da isasshen hasken. Rashin bushewa da rassa yana lalacewa ta hanyar yawancin fungi kuma cikin bayyanar yana kama da shan kashi da tsatsa. Kamuwa da cuta ya ci gaba a cikin fasa kwandon shara kuma ragowar tsire-tsire na allurar ƙazanta, ciyayi, da sauran tarkace da ke lalace na rabin ruɓa.

Matakan kariya

Tsabtace tsabtace na rashin lafiya da kuma rassan thickening. Damuwa da kambi da m sassan tsirrai. Dole ne a kula da dukkan bangarorin tare da nau'in lambun, maganin maganin jan karfe ko fenti mai don hana ƙarin kamuwa da tsire-tsire.
An fara daga farkon bazara kuma a ko'ina cikin lokacin dumi, aiwatar da feshin tsabtataccen tsari a cikin kwanaki 20-30 tare da ruwa na Bordeaux, shirye-shiryen ganya-Abiga, ba da daɗewa ba, launi mai tsabta. Kuna iya shirya cakuda tanki daga sama da sauran magunguna da aka bada shawara kuma ku yayyafa tsire-tsire. Lokacin amfani da gaurayawan tanki, ana iya rage adadin jiyya zuwa 3 a kowace kakar. Kamar cututtukan da suka gabata da aka bayyana, altenariosis da mold, bushewar cututtuka na rassan an cire su ta hanyar abubuwan da aka ambata na ilimin halittar da aka ambata.

Labarin ya bayyana babban, mafi yawan cututtukan cututtuka na tsire-tsire na kayan ado na coniferous galibi ana shuka su a cikin gidajen rani da gidaje. Dole ne in faɗi cewa duk cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta suna warkar da samfuran halitta. Saboda haka, a gida, nemi hanyoyin kare bishiyoyi daga kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ba sa cutar da lafiyar dangi da dabbobi. Labarin ya ba da wasu samfuran abubuwan da ake amfani da su na yau da kullun da abubuwan da ake amfani da su na halitta. Ba su bane koyarwar cuta. Kowace rana, masana'antar sunadarai suna ba da sabbin magunguna, masu inganci. Kuna iya zaɓar kansu da kansu waɗanda zasu dace da nau'in kayan ɗakunan ku, waɗanda aka girma a gida.