Yadda za a yi amfani da sawdust a gonar?

A cikin gida, musamman yayin aikin ginin, abubuwan tarawa sun tara - ɓata daga sassaka. Wasu matasa masu mallakar, basu fahimci abin da abu mai mahimmanci ba don kayan lambu ya faɗi a cikin hannayensu, nan da nan suka aika da sharar gida ga wuta, sannan toka kamar yadda takin ya bazu ko'ina cikin lambun. Tabbas, a ina zaku iya amfani da sawar, yadda ake amfani dasu, kuma ya cancanci ƙoƙari? Na hanzarta na sake tabbatar wa masu karatu. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don amfani da sawdust a aikin lambu. Kawai suna buƙatar amfani da su daidai. Bari muyi kokarin gano inda da kuma yadda ake amfani da sawar.

Sawdust don amfani a gonar.

Menene sawdust?

Sawdust - sharar gida daga katako mai tsabta da sauran kayan (plywood, allon, da sauransu). Kayan Sawdust mai sauki ne. Yawancin katako na katako shine 100 kg a 1 m³ kuma a cikin tan 1 yana ƙunshe da 9-10 m³ na kayan albarkatu tare da daidaitaccen danshi na 8-15% (Table 1). Wannan kayan yana da sauƙin amfani.

Tebur 1. Yawan yawa na katako mai itace

Characterization daga cikin abun ciki na sawdust

Tsarin sunadarai na sawdust yana bayanin abubuwan da ke gaba na abubuwan sunadarai:

• 50% carbon:
• 44% oxygen:
• 6% hydrogen%
• 0.1% nitrogen.

Bugu da kari, itace yana dauke da kusan 27% lignin, wanda yake bawa bishiyoyin girman lignification kuma akalla kashi 70% na hemicellulose (a zahiri, carbohydrates).

Abubuwan kayan halitta na halitta, lokacin da aka lalata cikin ƙasa, shine mai siyar da abubuwan da tsire-tsire suke buƙata. 1 m³ na sawdust ya ƙunshi 250 g na alli, 150-200 g na potassium, 20 g na nitrogen, kimanin 30 g na phosphorus. A wasu nau'in sawdust (mafi yawa coniferous), abun da ke ciki na katako ya haɗa da abubuwa masu narkewa waɗanda ke cutar da girma da haɓaka tsirrai.

Sawdust shine mai maimaitaccen abu kuma idan ya shiga cikin kasar, nan da nan microflora ke mamaye shi. An bayar da kayan abu, microflora don bazuwar sawdust yana amfani da abubuwan gina jiki na itace da ƙasa, lalata ƙarshen tare da kayan abinci masu mahimmanci (nitrogen da phosphorus iri ɗaya).

Haɗin ɗan itacen da aka yi da itace na ainihi ba ya haifar da rashin lafiyan, yayin konewa baya fitar da gurbataccen iska. Amma dole ne ka tuna cewa sama abun da ke ciki halaye na itace itace, ingancin abin da kayyade abun da ke ciki na sawdust. Sawdust kamar sharar gida daga wuyan itace da aka samo daga wucin gadi da gurnani da varnishes ba za'a iya amfani dashi a aikin lambu ba.

Nau'in sawdust da amfaninsu

Ana kiran Sawdust bisa ga babban nau'in al'adun itace: Birch, Linden, itacen oak, chestnut, Pine, Aspen, coniferous, da dai sauransu.

Ana iya amfani da kowane nau'in sawdust (kowane nau'in itace) akan gona. Amma da farko kuna buƙatar rage mummunan tasirin su akan abubuwan da aka gina ƙasa, ta amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban.

Wannan shine mafi arha kuma mai arha mai tsada tare da aikace-aikace masu yawa a cikin tattalin arziƙin mutum. Ana amfani da Sawdust wajen gina gine-ginen gona, don rufin bango, benaye da kuma a wasu fannoni na gini.

Amma mafi mahimmanci shine amfani da sawdust a cikin kayan lambu:

• Don inganta yanayin jiki na ƙasa don dasa shuki ko amfanin gona na kayan lambu.
• A matsayin ɗayan kayan haɗin takin.
• A matsayin amfani da kayan lambu na mulching, fure da kayan amfanin gona.
• Sawdust yana da ƙananan aiki na zafi kuma ana iya amfani dashi azaman mai ba da wuta don tsire-tsire masu ƙauna mai zafi (wardi, amfanin gona na 'ya'yan itace na kudancin, ƙwanƙwasa a cikin yankuna masu sanyi).
• Sawdust sashi ne mai mahimmanci a cikin shiri na gadaje masu dumi.
• A matsayin abin rufe murfi don hanyoyi, daga ambaton na gaba tare da ciyawa.

Hanyoyi don amfani da sawdust

Inganta kaddarorin ƙasa

Blackasa mai launin baƙi, yumbu da ƙasa mai loamy masu yawa da nauyi. Yawancin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire sun fi son haske, sako-sako, iska da ƙasan ƙasa. Abubuwan da ke tattare da irin wannan kasa za'a iya inganta su ta hanyar ƙarawa zuwa kashi 50% na yawan tsirar tsirar tsiron ƙasa a lokacin da yake shirya abubuwan buɗe ƙasa ko shirya cakuda ƙasa don shuka shuki.

Don kada sawun ya rage yawan haihuwa, ana cakuda su da ciyawar tumatir kafin aikace-aikacen ko takin ma'adinai, ana kara maganin urea ko mullein.

Sahadin fili

Shirye-shiryen Compost yana kawar da duk mummunan abubuwan da ke cikin sawdust (raguwar ƙasa ƙasa tare da abubuwan gina jiki, raguwa a cikin kayyakin oxidizer, raguwa a cikin aikin abubuwa masu ruwa, da sauransu).

Ana iya shirya takarda ta hanyoyi biyu:

• karɓi takin sauri ko takin iska (tare da samun iska), wanda zai kasance a shirye don amfani a cikin watanni 1.0-2.0;
• takin anaerobic (ba tare da samun iska ba); wannan tsari na shiri yana da tsayi (watanni 3-6, dangane da abubuwanda aka yi amfani dasu), amma tare da wannan hanyar, ana kiyaye darajar abinci mai gina jiki.

Tashin hankali daga sawdust.

Shirye-shiryen Aerobic Compost

Tare da wannan hanyar, yana yiwuwa a shirya sawdust-ma'adinai, sawdust-Organic da takin-hade takin.

1. Don takin-ma'adinan ma'adinin na kilogiram 50 (0.5 m³) na sawdust ƙara 1.25 kilogiram na urea, 0.4 kilogiram na superphosphate (ninki biyu) da 0.75 kilogiram na potassium sulfate. Narkar da takin mai magani a cikin ruwa mai ɗumi kuma ana zubar da ɗanɗano, kullun cakuda su ko kwanciya cikin yadudduka. Kowane Layer an zubar da wani bayani mai tsari. A lokacin sarrafa takin, ana tara tsiran takin domin a sami isashshen iska, wanda zai hanzarta gurza ayyukan kwayoyin halitta.
2. Don shirya takin gargajiya - takin gargajiya, ana buƙatar tsintsiyar kaza ko taki. An ƙara kwayoyin halitta a cikin sawdust a cikin kudi na 1: 1 (da nauyi) kuma gauraye da sawdust ko mai layi don fermentation. A lokacin ferment, agular tari tare da fenti (tura).
3. Don shirya takaddun da aka hade-ruwan magani, takin ma'adinai na ma'adinan an fara dage farawa, kuma bayan wata na fermentation, ana ƙara digo-digo ko kaji. An ƙara taki a cikin rabo na 1: 1, kuma taki kaza shine sau 2 ƙasa da (1: 0.5).

Ka tuna cewa azumtar da sauri yana buƙatar kwance sako, ba tare da lissafi ba. Iskar zata gudana cikin yardar rai a cikin irin wannan takin, wanda zai hanzarta bazuwar kayan takin.

Idan aka sanya kwandunan a bazara, to, daga faɗuwa za su yi toho kuma za su kasance a shirye don gabatarwa a ƙarƙashin digging. Ana iya amfani da irin wannan takin rabin-gasa bayan makonni 3-4. Ba su da takin zamani, amma sun riga sun rasa dukiyar mummunan sakamako akan ƙasa da tsirrai.

Don tono, yin 1-2 kwanduna na takin da aka yi, gwargwadon yanayin ƙasa.

Hanyar shirya takin Anaerobic

A cikin hanyar anaerobic, an shirya tari mai takin zamani akan lokaci, a hankali yana ƙara abubuwan da aka gyara. A cikin rami na takin tare da zurfin 50 cm, an sanya wasu ƙwayoyin cuta da ke ɓoye a cikin yadudduka 15-25 cm (ganye, rassan, ciyawar da ba a gama shuka ba, ɗanye, ciyawa, fiɗa daga gonar, sharar abinci, da sauransu). Kowane Layer an yayyafa shi da shebur ɗaya ko biyu na ƙasa kuma an zubar da shi da maganin takin. Har zuwa 100 g na nitrophoska an kara a guga na bayani.

Ba kamar hanyar farko ba (aerobic), duk abubuwan da aka gyara suna da kyau don rage tashin iska. A wannan yanayin, anaerobic microflora yana gudanar da fermentation. Bayan sanya layin takin, an rufe shi da fim ko kuma ciyawar ciyawa. Fermentation na tsawon watanni 4-6. Anaerobic takin yana da sinadiran "abinci mai gina jiki" kuma ana amfani da duk irin sharar gida (gami da rassa masu karfi) don shirye-shiryensa.

Lokacin yin takin, mafi yawan daskararren abun ciki na takin yakamata ya zama 50-60%, zazzabi + 25 ... + 30 ° С.

Mulching shrubs tare da sawdust.

Mulki na Sawdust

Mulching cikin fassara zuwa harshen Rashanci yana nufin rufewa, mafaka.

Fa'idodi na amfani da ciyawar ciyawa:

• Sawdust ciyawa abu ne mai arha na kayan halitta don haɓaka kayan jikin ƙasa;
• yana hana saman Layer daga matsanancin zafi a cikin zafi;
• kyakkyawan tsari. Yana kare ƙasa daga daskarewa kuma a lokaci guda yana ƙaddamar da iska, yana hana haɓakar ƙwayar cutar putrefactive da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta;
• ciyawa daga tsiro yana saukaka hadawan abu da iskar shaka na ƙasa, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga yawancin albarkatu, musamman furanni: begonias, pelargonium, ivy, ficus, cyclamen, citrus da sauransu;
• kare ripening berries a lamba tare da kasar gona daga Rotting da kwari (slugs).

Rashin daidaituwa na Sawdust Mulch

Rashin ingancin kaddarorin sawdust lokacin da aka yi amfani dasu da kyau:

• a cikin tsararren tsari, wannan albarkatun kasa ya haye shekaru 8-10, yana amfani da abubuwan gina jiki na ƙasa don fermentation;
• lokacin amfani da sawdust don haɓakawa, zazzabi ya tashi da sauri;
• albarkatun kasa tare da aikace-aikacen yau da kullun yana ƙara yawan acidity na ƙasa.

Hanyoyi don amfani da ciyawa

Tsabtaccen tsinkayen bishiyoyi ya shafi hanyoyi da sauran wurare waɗanda ba daga amfanin gona ba. Misali: hanyoyin, hanyoyin, kofofin itace a cikin lambu.

Ciyawa mai haske yana nuna haskaka rana, wanda ke rage dumama ƙasa da ƙasa.

Yayinda yake raguwa, an ƙara ciyawa mai tsabta a cikin hanyoyin da kekuna. Tsarin ciyawa da ba ta amfani da cm 6 cm, sabunta kullun, yana hana haɓakar ciyawa.

Ciyawa yana riƙe da danshi a ƙasa kuma a farfajiya. Na dogon lokaci, ana kiyaye babban murfin, yana kare shi daga bushewa da fashewa.

Ana amfani da ciyawa a matsayin zuriyar dabbobi a ƙarƙashin bushes na bishiyoyi, wanda amfanin gonar ya bazu a ƙasa (alal misali: a ƙarƙashin strawberries, strawberries).

Ciyawa kasar gona a kusa da kewaye da kambi na amfanin gona lambu. Kuna iya tsabtace (ba a kulawa da shi) sawdust - a kan karuwar haɓakar ciyawa da takin a matsayin takin gargajiya.

Ciyawa kasar gona a karkashin shuke-shuke kawai bukatar sarrafa sawdust.

A cikin layuka tare da tsire-tsire, a ƙarƙashin bushes na 'ya'yan itace, kawai ciyawa ana sarrafa kullun (takin da ya girma ko rabin gasa).

A lokacin girma, ana ciyar da tsire-tsire a saman bishiyar bishiyu. Da takin mai magani ya ba da gudummawa don saurin ɗumi.

Bayan mun girbe, ana yin aikin kaka kai tsaye a kan ciyawa: suna tono ƙasa tare da aikace-aikacen farko na takin ma'adinai da kwayoyin.

Mulching da gadaje da sawdust.

Yin amfani da ciyawa sawdust don shirya gadaje masu ɗumi da dumi

An shirya gadaje masu dumin zafi akan kowane shafi (dutse, tsakuwa, tare da tsayayyen ruwan ƙasa).

Dankana masu ɗumi (ƙasa, ƙasa) suna kan filaye masu sanyi, haka kuma don samun kayan lambu waɗanda ake so a farkon zafi, seedlings masu girma.

Kayan lambu na kayan lambu sun girma da sauri akan irin wannan gadaje, basu rage musu da ƙwayar fungal kuma kwari ke shafa su.

A shirye-shiryen da gadaje ne da za'ayi a cikin saba hanya:

• a ƙarƙashin ginin ya shimfiɗa “magudanar ruwa” na rassan toka da sauran sharar gida;
• kashi na biyu an rufe shi da sawdust, an zubar da shi tare da maganin urea;
• yafa masa kowane ,asa, a zahiri fewan ma fibb;
• na gaba mai zuwa an shimfiɗa shi daga kowace halitta kwayoyin halitta - bambaro, taki, yankakken ciyawa, zuriyar dabbobi;
• kowane farashi yana da kauri na 10-15 cm, kuma jimlar tsawo na gadaje yana kan hukuncin mai shi;
• yawanci ana dage farantin turm na tsaftataccen abu a tsayi na 50-60 cm;
• duk yadudduka an zubar da ruwa mai zafi, zai fi dacewa tare da maganin urea ko kowane abu na kwayoyin halitta (taki, daskarar tsuntsu);
• an rufe shi da fim ɗin baƙar fata; dumama galibi yakan yi mako guda;
• bayan saukar da zafin jiki na aiki fermentation, an cire fim kuma an shimfiɗa ƙasa.

An rarrabe babban gado ta shinge don kada ya faskara. Ana binne gadaje masu zafi a cikin 25-30 cm a cikin ƙasa ko an shirya su kai tsaye a kan ƙasa, cire maɗaukakiyar takin ƙasa (10-15 cm).

Idan ya zama dole don sauri a dafa gado, yi amfani da sawdust gauraye da karamin adadin lemun tsami da ash, an zubar dashi da maganin urea mai zafi. Za ka iya shirya cakuda sawdust da taki. Hakanan 'yan lambu ma suna amfani da wasu hanyoyi na dumama ƙasan wani gado mai ɗumi.

Mulching lambu hanyoyi tare da sawdust.

Sawdust kamar rufi da kayan sutura

Sawdust abu ne mai kyau ga matasa na shuka da amfanin gona masu son zafi.

• Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin yankuna masu sanyi na amfanin gona na thermophilic (inabi, vines iri daban-daban), babban sawdust hade da ƙananan kwakwalwan kwamfuta (kamar magudanar ruwa) ana zuba a kasan ramin dasa shuki. Za su yi aiki a matsayin inshorar zafi daga sanyi mai zurfi.
• Ana iya cika Sawdust (ɗauka da sauƙi tamped) tare da jakunkuna na filastik ko jakunkuna kuma mai rufi akan kowane ɓangare tare da tushen da harbe na tsire-tsire matasa kafin wani tsayayyen sanyi mai sanyi.
• Yana yiwuwa a cika tsawon tsawon tare da sawdust lankwasa inabi, clematis, raspberries da sauran tsire-tsire lankwasa ƙasa. Rufe tare da fim a saman kuma murkushe ko drip daga gusts na iska. Irin wannan tsari an shirya shi kafin lokacin sanyi sosai saboda mice, sauran dabbobin ruwa da kwari ba su shirya "hunturu" mai sanyi a cikin bishilan ba.
• Ana iya shirya tsari mai ɗumi don fure bushes, wasu albarkatu masu ƙauna mai zafi da ƙananan 'ya'yan itace matasa a cikin hanyar Frames. Zuba zoben sawun a saman firam. Yasa ƙasa a kan sawdust kuma rufe shi da tsare. Za ta zama wani tsohon yanki ko kuma wani yanki mai danshi. Idan kun kasance ƙura da tsintsaye a cikin garkuwa kuma ku rufe murfin garkuwa tare da fim, bushes ɗin zai tsira da rani da kyau. A cikin bazara, dole ne a 'yantar da bushes ɗin daga tsirke, don lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, ruwan ba ya shiga da kuma juyawa daga cikin ƙananan ɓangarorin tsire-tsire ba ya fara. Kada ku bar sawun a buɗe. Suna cike da danshi, daskare a dunƙule guda ɗaya da tsire-tsire ƙarƙashin wannan tsari suna mutuwa.

Labarin yana ba da ƙaramin jerin abubuwan amfani da sawdust a gonar da gonar. Rubuta game da yadda kake amfani da sawdust. Kwarewar da masu karatu za ku yi amfani da shi don godiya, musamman ma lambu da kuma lambu.