A kan tsare-tsaren gidaje da aikin lambu a Rasha, itacen apple shine itacen 'ya'yan itace da aka fi so. Godiya ga ma'anar shayarwa, a yankuna na arewaci da kuma yanki mai fa'ida, a yau zaku iya samun amfanin gona mai kyau ta hanyar sanya shinge kan irin nau'in tsiron dabbobi.
Shuka tsire-tsire, waɗanda ke bayar da yalwa ta hanyar wuraren kiwon lafiya, ya zama babban hanyar kiwo don bishiyar bishiyar apple. Kuma mutane da yawa ba sa tunani game da irin wannan damar, yadda za a shuka itacen apple daga zuriya. Amma ainihin wannan hanyar ce ta ba da haɓakar fito da nau'o'in zamani iri iri da nau'ikan bishiyoyin apple da aka shuka ta hanyar mutane da zaɓin shugabanci. A lokaci guda, seedlings da aka samo daga tsaba ba kawai kayan aiki ba ne ga masu shayarwa, har ma da kyakkyawan hannun jari, wanda aka san shi da tsawon rayuwar sa, hunturu da juriya.
Don girma itacen apple daga zuriya a gida, lallai ne ku zaɓi kayan dasawa da suka dace kuma kuyi haƙuri, saboda ƙwan farko na itace akan bishiya na iya bayyana ne bayan shekaru 5-10..
Yadda ake shirya tsaba don shuka itacen apple
Tun da yake seedling da aka samo daga zuriya ba zai iya ɗaukar siffofin "iyaye" iri-iri ba, ya fi kyau a ɗauki kyawawan launuka masu launin launin ruwan kasa daga talakawa Antonovka, Korichnaya taguwar, Grushovka Moskovskaya, Pepin Saffron, Sinawa ko gandun daji daji don shuka. A wannan yanayin, tsiron da aka haɓaka ba zai samar da 'ya'yan itace kyawawan dandano ba, amma zai kasance mai ƙarfi-girma da ƙarfi.
Kafin dasa shuki na fitar da tsaba daga apple:
- don cire mai hana inhibitor germin na inhibitor a wanke a ruwan dumi;
- a jike tsawon kwana uku, a wanke kasusuwa a kai a kai tare da canza ruwan;
- a rana ta uku, haɓakar haɓaka, alal misali, sodium humate ko Epin, an ƙara shi cikin ruwa.
A cikin lokacin da aka ɓoye cikin yanayi mai laima, tsaba suna zube. Don sauƙaƙe farawa na hunturu, don taurara tsaba da samun harbe a lokacin da ya dace, an dasa kayan da aka dasa tare da furen, moss tare da sphagnum ko yashi da aka haɗe da carbon da aka kunna, da kyau, an rufe shi da fim ɗin da aka lalata kuma an daidaita shi, a tura shi kwanaki 90-100 a cikin sanyi.
A gida, ana iya kiyaye tsaba apple a zazzabi kusan +4 oC a cikin firiji, bincika akai-akai matakin zafi, jin daɗin rayuwa da kuma matsayin saurin shuka.
Hanyar shuka apple daga zuriya a gida
Wasu lambu, lokacin da suke aiwatar da shirye-shiryen farko da daidaitawa, suna bin tsohuwar hanyar, lokacin da tsaba daga apple cikakke, kawai an karɓa daga reshe, an wanke kuma an dasa su a cikin ƙasa. A lokacin kaka da watanni na hunturu, iri ya yi girma, kumburi da tauri, kuma a cikin bazara yana ba da kyawawan tsire-tsire. Babban abu shi ne cewa daga lokacin dasa shuki a cikin kasar gona da kuma ci gaba da tsawan yanayin sanyi yakamata a samu a kalla kwanaki 21, da soaking, kafin girma da itacen apple daga zuriya, kawai zai kara adadin shuki.
A cikin gandun daji, don samo hannun jari, an shuka tsaba, an daidaita shi bisa ga hanyar farko, sannan kuma an shuka shi a cikin bazara. Sabili da haka, ga tambaya: "Yaushe ne mafi kyawun shuka itacen apple a cikin bazara ko kaka?", A cikin duka halayen ana iya ba da amsa mai kyau. Soilasa don shuka a cikin ƙasa ko a cikin kwantena don namo gida yana wadata ta da abubuwan haɓaka ma'adinai. Ga kowane kilogram 10 na cakuda ƙasa ta gona, ƙasa baƙar fata da peat ƙara:
- 30 grams na superphosphate;
- Gram 200 na itace, kyawawan ash;
- 20 grams na potassium sulfate.
An shuka tsaba Apple a cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin 15 mm, yayin da nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire ya kamata aƙalla 20 mm, kuma tsakanin layuka mutum - 15-20 cm.
Bayan dasawa, an shirya sharar ko kwantena cike da ruwa, da taka tsantsan kar ku lalata kasar gona akan tsaba da suke kusa da saman.
Lokacin da aka saukar da ganye na gaskiya guda huɗu a kan 'ya'yan itacen, ana rarrabe tsire-tsire, suna cire sanannun tsuntsayen daji, kuma sun yi zurfi, suna ƙaruwa da nisa zuwa 6-8 cm Idan mai lambu ya yi tunani game da yadda za a shuka apple da aka horar, yana da mahimmanci a cire waɗanda ke nuna alamu daga yawan tsiro kallon daji Kuna iya rarrabe savage daga wata shuka da aka shuka ta ƙaramin, ganye mai haske mai haske da kasancewar ɗakunan madaidaiciya madaidaiciya akan tushe. Bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar Varietal ba su da ƙaya, kuma ganyayyaki sun fi girma, galibi ana yin ɗamara, tare da daskararren ganye.
Yadda ake ciyar da itacen apple a lokacin rani da fasali na kulawar seedling
A cikin bazara da bazara, ƙwayoyin apple suna haɓaka rayayye, don haka mai kula da lambun yana buƙatar kulawa da takin na thean.
Me 'ya'yan itacen apple suke ciyarwa a lokacin rani? Idan yayin dasa takin gargajiya masu aiki, alal misali, taki ko digawar tsuntsaye, wanda zai iya kone kyankyasai kuma ya zama tushen kamuwa da kwayar cutar kwayar cuta, ba a amfani da su, to a lokacin bazara ake bukata ake yin takin gargajiya. Amma a farkon shekarar girma, yana da kyau ka watsar da gabatarwar taki kuma, tare da maye shi da jiko na humus ko kuma ƙari na ƙari wanda ya aminta da tsire-tsire.
Kamar yadda ya shafi 'Ya'yan itaciya na manya, a cikin watan Agusta, seedlings ke samun phosphorus-potassium fertilizing, da nufin mafi kyawun fitar da harbe da dakatar da ci gaban taro. Meteraya daga cikin murabba'in mita ɗaya zaku buƙaci: 15-20 grams na potassium chloride da sau biyu na superphosphate. Ana amfani da suturar miya ta sama yayin loosening na ƙasa. Da takin mai magani ana yayyafa shi da ƙasa kuma ana shayar da tsire-tsire da yawa. Ciyarwa don shuka shine mahimmancin babban miya. Yayinda itacen apple ya yi girma daga zuriya bai samar da tushen tushen iko ba, ana shayar da seedlings bayan kwanaki 7-10, tabbatar da cewa itacen ɓawon ƙasa mai danshi ba ya kafa.
Idan za a yi amfani da seedling seedling a matsayin jari, a watan Oktoba ana haƙa shuka, an cire sauran ragowar tsiro kuma a yanke tushen dindindin a nesa na 20 cm daga tushen wuya. Wannan gwargwado zai ba da damar ƙirƙirar manyan fibrous Tushen kuma da ɗan iyakance ci gaban da seedling kanta. Har sai lokacin bazara, lokacin da za'ayi allurar rigakafin, za'a iya adana iri mai tare da rhizome a cikin ɗaki mai sanyi.
Yadda za a shuka a cikin ƙasa kuma girma itacen apple daga zuriya?
An dasa bishiyar apple ta inan itace a cikin dindindin a cikin bazara ko kaka, bayan zaɓin kyakkyawan lit, busasshiyar wuri don babban itacen da ke da tushen tushen ƙarfi.
Dasa seedling da kuma kula da shi a farkon shekara bayan dasa ba su da bambanci ga waɗanda abubuwan da suka faru da za'ayi tare da talakawa itacen itacen seedling. Komawa ga tambayar lokacin shuka itacen apple a bazara ko kaka, ya kamata a lura:
- idan itacen apple daga zuriya ya girma a gida, lokacin daga Afrilu zuwa Mayu ko farkon kaka zai zama kyakkyawan lokacin don dasawa cikin ƙasa;
- seedlings, waɗanda aka girma a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, ana dasa su zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa daga bazara zuwa ƙarshen Oktoba.
A lokaci guda, wanda ya isa ya manta cewa seedlings girma a cikin dakin yanayi na bukatar dasa a cikin mafi kwantena kwantena kamar yadda suke girma, kuma watering a wannan yanayin ne da za'ayi da ɗan lokaci fiye da. Lokacin da itacen apple, musamman shekarar farko ta rayuwa, ta fada cikin ƙasa, suna da taushi kuma yawancin kwari da cututtuka sun shafe su. Seedlingsaukacin seedlingsa seedlingsan yara ƙazamar dabbobi ne Sabili da haka, itaciyar 'ya'yan itace nan gaba ko tushen dabbobin a farkon shekarun dole ne ta samar da abin dogaro na kariya daga wadannan makiya kuma daga sanyi.
