Peonies kyawawan furanni ne na zamani wanda tabbas babu shakka zasu zama adon lambun ku. Ba abin mamaki ba cewa furanni peony suna da mashahuri sosai a tsakanin masu lambu, saboda ba su da ma'ana a cikin kulawa da namo, kuma tare da kyawawan furanninsu za su faranta maka rai na shekaru 15-20. Peonies yayi girma wuri guda tsawon shekaru kuma baya buƙatar dasawa.
Hanya da muke kula da peonies kai tsaye tana shafar furanninsu, lokacin rayuwarsu da adonsu. Kulawa da peony ya hada da weeding, kwance ƙasa da kuma shayarwa yau da kullun. Peony daidai yana ɗaukar tushe a kan loamy, ƙasa mai taushi. Vyasa mai nauyi tana buƙatar namo mai zurfi (50-60 cm), tare da ƙari da yashi, takin, peat da humus. Peonies suna buƙatar inuwa mai haske mai haske, amma a gabaɗaya, shafin ya kamata ya kasance rana, ba tare da ƙasa mai ruwa ba - danshi mai yawa yana da lahani ga peony.
Peonies suna yaduwa musamman ta hanyar seedlings na wani iri-iri. Dole ne a ƙaddara su nan da nan a wani wuri, tunda shuka ba ya son transplants - zai iya dakatar da nunawa shekaru da yawa. Juyawa daga fure ya ƙunshi rabuwa da rhizomes, amma ba a baya ba bayan shekaru 10-15. Peony wata itaciya ce mai rauni, don haka ana aiwatar da duk hanyoyin da suka dace.
Dasa peonies
Peonies yana buƙatar dasa shi ko dasa shi a cikin kaka kawai. Dasa mafi kyau an yi shi a ƙarshen watan Agusta ko farkon Satumba, saboda shuka yana da lokaci don ɗaukar tushe cikin sanyi. Wani lokacin saukowa ake yi a cikin bazara. Kuma kawai bayan shekaru 5 zaka iya raba bushes.
Ramin dasa shuki don furen ya kamata ya zama zurfin kusan 80 cm (ba fiye da mita ɗaya) ba, nisa - kusan 70 cm, tun daga peony tare da tushen sa ya shiga cikin zurfin ƙasa kuma suna yaduwa da sauri. Cika irin waɗannan buƙatun suna tabbatar da haɓaka shuka a cikin dogon lokaci. Game da dasa shuki a kan wani shinge na da yawa bushes, rata tsakanin kowane ya kamata game da 1 mita. Filin da aka shirya cike yana cike da takin - bai wuce buhun 3 na kwari ba, itace ash da superphosphate - 500 g, lemun tsami - har zuwa 100 g. An cakuda cakuda da kyau tare da ƙasa daga ramin. A buds, bayan dasa, ya kamata a matakin ƙasa.
An ɗora da taki a ƙasa daga ramin, ƙwallon ƙarancinsa ya kai cm 10. Sa’annan an rufe komai da bangon duniya 20 cm, sannan matakan compaction ya biyo baya. Sannan kuna buƙatar yayyafa ƙasar da aka shirya tare da tarko kuma a hankali zuba shi da ruwa domin komai ya daidaita. Ana sanya daji a cikin tsakiyar motsi domin kuɗaɗen su kan matakin iri ɗaya tare da gefen ramin. Tushen ya kamata a rufe shi da ƙasa, yana cike duk rashin kome a ciki. Bayan dasa, dole ne a shayar da fure.
Idan peony daji ya faɗi ƙasa kuma buds sun kasance ƙasa da matakin fossa, ya zama dole a hankali a ja shukar, a yayyafa tare da ƙasa. An yi ƙaramar motsi a saman gindin shuka. Yana da mahimmanci cewa furannin ba su zurfafa sama da 2,5 cm ba, saboda idan aka dasa zurfin da yawa, peonies bazai iya yin fure ba na dogon lokaci, amma ya faru cewa baza su yi fure ba kwata-kwata. A cikin hunturu, lokacin da ƙasa freezes, da dasa peonies ya kamata a rufe bushe ganye. A cikin bazara, ana bushe ganyen bushe da rassa don kada su lalata matasa harbe.
Cikakkun bayanai game da dasa peonies
Kulawa Peony: Girma, Yanke
A farkon bazara, nan da nan bayan dasa, an yanke buds daga peonies saboda kada fure ya raunana bushes mai rauni. A shekara ta biyu, an cire furanni a hankali. Don yin furanni girma, yanke buds dake kan tarnaƙi da wuri-wuri. Lokacin yankan furanni, harbe da ganye 4 ya rage, in ba haka ba na fure peonies shekara mai zuwa zai zama mai rauni sosai.
Yana da mahimmanci a lokacin rani don adana ƙasa a cikin matsakaici mai zafi, musamman a farkon shekara bayan dasawa. Ana amfani da takin zamani shekara 2 bayan dasawa. Autumn ko farkon bazara ya dace don yayyafa bushes tare da guga takin. A lokacin girma, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da cikakken takin ma'adinai (100 g a kowace murabba'in mita).
Peony yaduwa
Peonies za a iya yada shi da sauri ba kawai ta hanyar rarrabe seedlings ba, har ma ta wasu hanyoyin. A cikin bazara, bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, ana amfani da sabunta buds don haifuwa, suna zaune kai tsaye kusa da tushen. Wajibi ne a raba kodan daga ƙasa, a yanka su tare da ƙwararrun matasa masu yaduwa da wani ɓangaren ɓoye. Rabin dukkan kodan an yanke. Yanke kodan ana shuka su ne a cikin cakuda da aka shirya - yashi, humus, ƙasa turf. Saman kodan ya kamata ya kasance a matakin ƙasa.
Tsarin tushen tushen bushes: gumi iska - 80-90%, zazzabi - digiri 18-20. Rooting yana ƙare da kusan kwanaki 40. Cutukan koda kuma suna da tushe, waɗanda aka yanke a ƙarshen Yuli - farkon watan Agusta. An yanke kodan tare da karamin sashin tushen (daga 3 zuwa 5 cm). Sannan an rufe tushen daji da sabon ƙasa. An kafa cikakkun fure na peony na fure sama da shekaru 3-4.
Idan ana yin yaduwa ta hanyar yin farawa, to, ana ɗaukar mai tushe mai tsabta tare da maganin da ya haɗa da peat, ƙasa mai bushe da yashi. Yakamata yakamata ya zama santimita 30-35 cm Irin wannan aikin ana yin sa a lokacin bazara. Kuna iya sanya akwati a cikin daji peony ba tare da tushe ba, girmansa 50x50x35 cm. Lokacin da kara ya fara girma, yana buƙatar cika tare da cakuda yayin da yake girma. Yakamata ya kasance mai laushi a koyaushe. A ƙarshen kaka, an ƙarfafa mai tushe ne a kusa da ƙasa kuma a shuka daban.
Duk da haka yi amfani da kara kara. Ya kamata su kasance a shirye kafin farkon lokacin fure (ƙarshen Mayu - farkon watan Yuni). Ana amfani da su daga tsakiyar yankin na sprout, wanda ya sa kowane sando yana da internodes biyu. An yanke ganyen manyan internodes din zuwa sulusin tsayi, kuma a yanke ƙananan ganye duka. An dasa yankan a cikin kwalin da ke cike da yashi da aka riga aka wanke. Dasa zurfin dasa - daga 2.5 zuwa 3.5 cm. Domin kwanaki 14, ya kamata yabanyayen su kasance cikin inuwa, sanya iska kuma a kiyaye shi cikin babban zafi. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, kawai rabi daga cikin cuttings an karfafa.
Lokacin rarrabe manyan bushes, za'a sami rhizomes koyaushe ba tare da bayyane buds ba. Amma akwai buds na barci, don haka tushen fashe ba sa buƙatar jefa shi. An yanke wuraren da aka lalata tare da wuka mai kaifi, an yanke Tushen cikin guda, kowane kusan 6-7 cm tsayi. An yanke sassan da aka yanke tare da gawayi, bushe da dasa shi zuwa zurfin ƙasa. Dole ne saukowa ya zama m Wasu tushen za su yi toho a shekara ta biyu.
Hakanan za'a iya yadu da peonies ta tsaba. Shuka mafi yawa ana yi a farkon kaka. Don waɗannan dalilai, yi amfani da daki ko akwati tare da yashi, wanda ke cikin gidan kore. Tsarin zafin jiki don abun ciki shine + digiri 15-20. Bayan kwanaki 35-40, lokacin da tushen farko ya bayyana, kwandon da aka shuka iri ya kamata a tura shi zuwa inda bai wuce digiri 1-5 ba. Ko da tushen za a iya binne shi kai tsaye a cikin dusar ƙanƙara, kuma bayan makonni 2 sake sanya shi a cikin yanayin greenhouse, inda ba da daɗewa ba farkon harbe zai bayyana. Dole ne a kiyaye yashi a cikin yanayin zafi koyaushe. Kuna iya shuka kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa bude kai tsaye bayan zuriya iri. A watan Mayu, inji ya fito. Wannan hanyar tana da ƙarancin zuriyar ƙwayar cuta, ya bambanta da zaɓi na farko. Peonies Bloom kawai a cikin na huɗu, ko ma shekara ta biyar bayan dasa.
Cututtuka da kwari na peonies
Mutane da yawa lambu tambaya sau da yawa tambaya: me ya sa ba peonies fure? Dalilai sun bambanta sosai: tsohuwar daji, an shuka fure mai zurfi sosai, buƙatar dasawa, matashin daji ya yi hanzari don yin fure, ƙasa ta cika acidic ko kuma takin ƙasa, ƙasa ta bushe, fure ya bushe a cikin hunturu, fure ya sha wahala a lokacin sanyi lokacin sanyi, ciyawar ta kamu da rashin lafiya.
Mafi yawan cututtukan fure na yau da kullun shine launin toka. Yana ba da gudummawa ga ruwan sama, iska, dumi, yanayin damuna, tururuwa cikin buds. Alamar farkon cutar ita ce wilting mai tushe. Tare da mummunan shan kashi da launin toka rot, bushes kawai fada baya. Don guje wa matsaloli, kuna buƙatar yin biyayya ga madaidaicin fasahar aikin gona. Ya kamata a shayar da furanni marasa lafiya a cikin bazara, kuma za a fesa su da maganin kashe kwayoyin halitta a lokacin girma. Hakanan ana bada shawara don yayyafa itace ash a kewayen peonies, kimanin gram 200 a kowace murabba'in mita.
