Irga, ko kirfa (Amelanchier) - shruban itacen bishiyar bishiyoyi ko ƙaramin itace, mallakar dangin Pink ne da na Yablonev. A cikin yanayin halitta, akwai fiye da dozin biyu daban-daban, yawancinsu ana samun su ne a cikin Hemisphere na Arewa.
Irga na iya yin girma a kan dabarun ƙasa daban-daban - a kan dutse, gandun daji, makiyaya. 'Ya'yan itaciyarta suna da dandano mai kyau da kuma kayan abinci mai mahimmanci, kuma shuka kanta tana da matukar ado a kowane lokaci na shekara. A cikin bazara, al'adar ta jawo hankalin jama'a tare da sabon abu a cikin launuka masu yawa na fure tare da ingantaccen inzali. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan, an fara canza sihiri - daji an rufe shi da inflorescences na tsere daga manyan furanni masu ƙanshi na ruwan hoda da fararen fata. A lokacin fruiting na Berry, da "apples" hankali ripen da wasa tare da palet of cream, ruwan hoda, shunayya, da launuka launuka. Tare da isowar lokacin sanyi, kaka na ganyayyaki na sake yin wasa tare da tabarau masu launi, suna shimfidar launuka masu launin shuɗi, ruwan lemo, ja da shunayya.
Bayani na shuka irgi
Irga itace ce mai tsayi da zata iya girma shekaru 60-70. Ya na da fa'idodi da yawa - 'ya'yan itãcen sun yi yawa a cikin sauri kuma suna da amfani da kaddarorin magani. Berries suna ɗauke da ɗakunan ajiya na abubuwa masu mahimmanci don inganta kiwon lafiya. Treearamin itacen baya tsoron fari da sanyi, shine mafi ƙarancin itacen zuma tsakanin tsire-tsire da yawa, baya buƙatar ƙwarewa sosai a cikin namo da kulawa. Abinda kawai waɗanda lambu ke ɗauka a matsayin ƙarancin ingancin siren shine babban adadin tushen harbe, wanda ke girma da sauri kuma a cikin adadi mai yawa.
Mafi mashahuri da kuma neman-bayan iri na lambu nau'in irgi - Olkholistnaya, Lamarck, Talakawa, Kolosistaya, Kanad.
Dasa Irgi a buɗe ƙasa
Yaushe shuka
Ana iya dasa shukar Irgi a farkon bazara ko kaka, amma gogaggen yan lambu sun bada shawarar cewa har yanzu ana yin wannan hanya a lokacin bazara.
Wurin yanar gizo ya kamata ya bude, tare da yalwar hasken rana da zafi. Tare da isasshen hasken wuta, al'adar za ta kashe kuzari bawai a kan yawan 'ya'yan itace ba, amma a kan nemo hanyar samun haske, harbe zai fara shimfiɗa. Hakan yana da muhimmanci sosai cewa ruwan karkashin kasa baya kwance kusa da saman duniya. Irin wannan "ƙauyen" zai cutar da tsarin tushen irgi.
Soilasa a cikin yankin da aka zaɓa na iya zama kowane acidity, kuma loamy m ko yashi ya fi dacewa da abubuwan da aka haɗa. A mafi yawan gina jiki kasar gona a cikin lambu, da ƙasa da zai zama samuwar tushen harbe da kuma mafi yawan amfanin ƙasa na berries.
Shirya shafin
An bada shawarar yin aikin shirya a watannin bazara. Da farko kuna buƙatar tsabtace ƙasar gaba ɗaya daga kwari da sassa daban daban na tsire-tsire, sannan ku tono shi kimanin 10-15 cm zurfi. Ba da daɗewa ba kafin shuka, takin da ke ɗauke da potassium da phosphorus ya kamata a ƙara ƙasa. Ga kowane murabba'in murabba'in, ana buƙatar kimanin g 40 na takin.
Zabin seedlings
Lokacin zabar tsire-tsire, yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa matasa tsire-tsire ne kawai shekara ɗaya ko biyu waɗanda suka dace da dasa.
Yadda ake shuka
Da farko kuna buƙatar shirya rami mai saukowa. Zurfinsa da faɗinsa sun kai kusan cm 60. soilasa (sassa uku) daga ramin an haɗe shi da takin da aka juya da kuma yashi kogin (ɓangaren kowane ɗayan). A kasan ramin, ana cakuda cakuda sinadarin phosphate (400 g), potassium (150 g) da humus (manyan buloli 1-2), gauraye sosai, sannan an zuba ƙasa mai daɗi daga ramin tare da ƙwanƙwasa kuma ana sanya seedling a kai. Bayan an sanya tushen ɓangaren bishiyar matasa kuma yada shi bisa ƙasa, zaku iya cika duka ramin da ƙasa. Samun danƙa haɗa ƙasa, yana da mahimmanci cewa tushen wuyansa ya zauna a matakin ƙasa, ba a ba da shawarar zurfafa shi ba.
Na farko watering ne da za'ayi nan da nan bayan dasa. Kowane tsire-tsire zai buƙaci kimanin lita 10 na ruwa. Kuna buƙatar jira har sai duk ruwan ya narke, ƙasa zata zauna kaɗan, sannan kuma ƙara ƙasa da cakuda ƙasa zuwa ramin. An rufe da'irar akwati tare da ciyawa daga humus ko peat, bayan wannan an fara yin girki na farko. Tsawon kowane shoot bayan "aski" bai kamata ya wuce 15 cm ba.
Kula da Irga
Imalarancin kulawa da irga shine wata fa'ida daga shuka akan sauran albarkatun gonar. Ba yadda za ta iya yi da kanta, amma tare da duk wata kulawa da babu shakka za ta gode mata tare da kyawunta mai kyau da yawan girbin 'ya'yan itace masu ingancin gaske.
Watse
Tushen irgi yana zurfi cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin mitoci uku. Wannan ya sa ya yiwu wa daji ya samar wa kansa isasshen danshi. Bugu da kari, al'adar ba ta sabawa yanayin bushewa. Watering Berry plantations bada shawarar a musamman zafi kwanakin rani. Hanyar zai fi dacewa da za'ayi ta amfani da keɓaɓɓen shayarwa canfe a kan tiyo. Lokacin da ya dace don hanyoyin ruwa shine rabi na biyu na rana (bayan sa'o'i 16-17). Watering ne da za'ayi ba kawai a kusa-kara da'irar, amma kuma a kan kambi don wanke kashe ƙura daga ganye taro.
Kasar gona
Zai fi kyau kula da ƙasa bayan ya jika shi. Dole ne a cire duk ciyawa a farkon matakin farawa, kuma ƙasa a kewayen daji ta kece a kai a kai.
Da takin mai magani da takin zamani
Ana buƙatar ƙarin takin don tsire-tsire ne kawai bayan shekaru 3-4. An bada shawara don amfani da takin gargajiya na ruwa na bazara a lokacin bazara a matsayin jiko akan tsagewar tsuntsu. Kowane daji yana buƙatar kimanin lita biyar na takin, wanda dole ne a shafa shi ga ƙasa mai laushi bayan faɗuwar rana. Ana zubar da kayan miya da yawa a cikin da'irar akwati kuma an zuba shi da ruwa.
Juyawa
Irga yana da shekaru 5-6 shekara mara kyau da dangantaka da dasawa. Sakamakon tushen da ke zurfi a cikin ƙasa, ana ɗaukar wannan tsari da wahala sosai kuma ana amfani da shi ne kawai lokacin gaggawa. Dole ne a cire tsiron daga ƙasa tare da dunƙule ƙura tare da diamita na kusan m 1.2 da zurfin kusan cm 70. Bayan dasa shuki a wani sabon wuri, itaciyar tana shayar da mulched.
Turawa
Ya kamata a aiwatar da datti a kan abubuwan da suka shafi tsabtace fata ko sikeli, lokacin da akwai buƙatar gaggawa. Misali, bashi da ma'ana a yanke harbe-manyan nau'ikan, saboda ana iya yin wannan ne kawai lokacin da saurayi na irgi yake. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, zai zama da wahala a shawo kan tsawan ko da a kan matakala ne. "Aski na farko" na farko yana iya farawa daga shekara ta biyu ta rayuwar zuriya. Lokacin da ya dace da wannan shine farkon Maris. An ba da shawarar don cire tushen tushe a kai a kai.
Dole ne a kula da wuraren da aka yanke akan harbe na manya tare da fenti bisa tushen bushewar mai.
Shirye-shiryen hunturu
A ƙarshen lokacin girma bayan girbi, kuna buƙatar cire duk lalatattun, busasshen lokacin farin ciki da toka, tono filayen lambu da amfani da takin ƙasa zuwa ƙasa. Itacen daji baya buƙatar wani tsari a cikin watanni hunturu, saboda yana jin girma har ma da tsananin sanyi.
Cutar da kwari
Matsaloli masu yuwu na budurwai sune lalacewar launin toka, bushewa daga rassan da kuma tabo na phylostictic. Matakan ceto - maganin kwantar da hankula da kuma cire wasu cututtukan da suka kamu da shuka, magani tare da ruwan Bordeaux, sulphate jan karfe da kuma tsarin mulkin ban ruwa.
Sake bugun Irgi
Tsarin iri
Seedsa seedsan itacen da aka ɗora daga ɗaukar tumatir an tumɓuke su 1.5-2 cm a cikin ƙasa, ana shayar da karimci, an rufe shi da lokacin farin ciki na busassun ciyawa ko ciyawa bushe kuma a bar har sai lokacin bazara. A cikin bazara, seedlings na bakin ciki fitar da kirkirar yanayi masu kyau don ci gaba da kuma cikakken ci gaba. Kulawar Seedling ta ƙunshi yin ruwa, takin ƙasa tare da nitrogen, kwance ƙasa kuma cire ciyayi.
Yaduwa ta hanyar grafting cuttings
Yankunan irgi wanda aka liƙa a kan babban dutse mai shekaru biyu a ƙarshen bazara. An yi yanki (zurfin 3 cm) a nesa da kusan 15 cm sama da tushen wuyan. An rufe matattarar scion da kayan kwalliya tare da tef mai ɗamshi, kuma cut ɗin scion yana daɗaɗa tare da lambun var. Bayan dasa shuki a cikin akwati tare da sandy peat substrate, ana ajiye akwati a cikin yanayin greenhouse har sai sakamakon da ake so.
Yaduwa ta hanyar kore kore
Don wannan hanyar yaduwa, ana amfani da cuttings apical. The sare fi goma sha biyar santimita tsawo, bar ganye 2-4, sanya shi a cikin jirgin ruwa tare da girma stimulator na 10-12 hours, to, wanke da kuma dasa a wani kusurwa na 45 digiri a cikin wani greenhouse ko greenhouse. Yana buƙatar nutsuwa daga kyakkyawan atomizer, samun iska da kullun zafin jiki na kimanin digiri 25 Celsius. An kafa tushen sashin bayan makonni 3. An dasa yankan a wani wuri na dindindin kawai don lokacin kaka na gaba.
Yaduwa ta hanyar farawa
Ana haɓaka layin cikin ɗumi da rana mai sanyin rana, bayan tono da takin ƙasa a ƙarƙashin shuka. Isaramar an shirya gyarawa a cikin tsagi a ƙarƙashin daji, tsunkule saman, an shayar. Rooting zai faru kafin faduwar, amma zaku iya dasawa Layering zuwa wurin dindindin a bazara.
Sake bugun ta hanyar rarraba daji
An fitar da shi a farkon bazara daga ƙasa, an fara cire daji daga harbe marasa amfani da lalacewa, sannan an raba shi zuwa sassa da dama tare da rhizome. Delenki nan da nan aka dasa a cikin ramuka.
