Iyakance ƙasa shine aiwatar da shigar da ƙari na musamman a cikin ƙasa don rage matakin acidity. A saboda wannan dalili, ana iya amfani da lemun tsami, alkalin alkama, tuff, marl, shale da peat ash, belite da dolomite gari, da ƙura na ciminti da slag mai buɗewa. Amma, alal misali, gishirin sodium don iyakance ƙasa ba zai yi aiki ba, tunda zai zama bai dace da ingantaccen narkar da amfanin gona ba.
Iyakancewar ƙasa: yaushe kuma don menene amfani?
Gabatar da lemun tsami a cikin ƙasa yana haifar ba kawai ga gaskiyar cewa an rage yawan acid na ƙasa ba, har ma da haɓaka cikin adadin kalsiya, magnesium da sauran abubuwa masu amfani na micro da macro. Sabili da haka, iyakance ƙasa shine ba kawai rage yawan acidity ba, har ma da takin zamani mai mahimmanci ga tsire-tsire.
Hakanan ana iya danganta abubuwan da ya danganta da haɓakar yanayin ƙasa - irin wannan ƙasa za ta sha danshi da kyau kuma ta kasance kusa da shi. Don haka Tushen tsire-tsire za su sami cikar impregnation tare da ruwa ko da a cikin yanayin zafi. A cikin yanayin zafi da jikewa tare da abubuwa masu amfani, ƙasa microflora yana haɓaka cikin hanzari, wanda ke haifar da takaddama na halitta na gadaje. A lokaci guda, amfanin gona ba zai sha mai yawa mai guba, kamar zai zama idan ba'a aiwatar da iyakance akan lokaci.
Ba shi yiwuwa a takaita kasar kuma takin ta da taki, saboda sakamakon ya kasance cakudawar da ba ta da amfani kuma ba ta da amfani ga tsirrai.
Ilsasa mai acidic suna da mummunar tasiri kan haɓakar amfanin gona. Idan akwai ƙasa tare da haɓakar acidity a kan yanar gizon, zai zama da wuya a sami kyakkyawan girbi na kowane irin beets, har ma da kabeji, masara da legumes. Idan ƙasa ma yashi, to, tsire-tsire ba zai rasa magnesium da alli ba. Abubuwan haɗin manganese da aluminum, waɗanda ke cutar da tsirrai, akasin haka, za su nuna ƙara yawan aiki.
Eterayyade ruwan ƙasa
A gida, zaka iya tantancewa ko ana buƙatar ragowar ƙasa acidic akan rukunin yanar gizonku. Hanya mafi sauƙi don yin wannan ita ce yin amfani da takaddun litmus ko kayan kida na musamman don iyakance ƙasan acidity na ƙasa. Idan babu dama don gudanar da cikakken bincike, zaku sami dogaro da "magungunan mutane":
- Ciyayi masu ganye kamar horsetail da Dandelion suna girma da sauri sosai a ƙasa tare da rashin alkali. M ƙasa aka fi son da zobo, Mint da plantain. A kan alkaline ko ƙasa tsaka tsaki, Clover, coltsfoot da quinoa suna girma da kyau.
- Ruwan sama yana fitowa kamar toka na itace, a wasu yankuna a farfajiya ma ana iya shafa mai da hankali.
- Yi hankali ga raƙuman ruwa na ƙasa da ƙananan ƙasashe a yankin - bayan ruwan sama ruwan ya koma ja, wani lokacin fim ɗin da ba a iya gani da launuka na bakan gizo yana bayyana a saman.
- Smallauki karamin hannu na ƙasa daga shinge kuma zuba shi tare da ruwan tebur. Idan babu abin da ya faru, wannan ma alama ce ta ƙara yawan acidity (tun da ruwan hoda acid ne, to bai kamata ku jira lokacin tashin hankali ba lokacin da aka haɗasu da ƙasa ta acidic). Amma idan ƙasa ta fara yin kuka da kumfa - to ya kasance tsaka tsaki ne ko alkaline, a wannan yanayin ba lallai ba ne a iyakance ƙasa.
Iyakancewa da ƙasa na gypsum
Gypsum ya bambanta da iyakance ƙasa da lemun tsami saboda ba kawai yana rage acidity ba, amma yana kawar da yawan wuce haddi a cikin ƙasa. Sodium ya cutar da yanayin jiki da sinadarai na ƙasa, kuma tsiro albarkatu a irin waɗannan wuraren ya fi rikitarwa.
Waɗanne halayen sunadarai ke faruwa bayan an ƙara gypsum zuwa ƙasa? An rage yawan sodium, kuma ana maye gurbin shi da yawan adadin alli da aka gabatar a cikin ƙasa. Tun da alli yana da amfani ga tsirrai, aikace-aikacen sa yana da tasirin gaske akan haɓakar amfanin gona.
Don gypsum, sharar masana'antu tare da babban abun ciki na gypsum da phosphorus, har ma da raw gypsum, mafi yawanci ana amfani dashi. Don tantance yawan gypsum ɗin da ake buƙatar ƙarawa, ana aiwatar da binciken ƙirar ƙwayar ƙasa da ƙasa, yana ƙayyade adadin sodium da ke ciki. Matsakaicin, za a buƙaci tan 3 zuwa 15 na takin, kuma ana buƙatar mafi girman buƙatar gypsum ta hanyar solonetzes da solonetzic kasa.
Za'a iya yin shuka a lokacin yin huɗa, shuka iri ko girbi. A sakamakon haka, yawan amfanin gonar da aka noma ya karu da kashi 3-6 a cikin hectare. Ya kamata a ɗauka a hankali cewa mafi kyawun aikin amfani da filayen ƙasa na ban ruwa, amma kuma lokacin karɓar lokacin ma an rage shi.
Iri takin mai lemun tsami
Don iyakance, ana iya amfani da foda (alli, dolomite, farar ƙasa) musamman ta gasa ko niƙa, har da sharar masana'antu tare da lemun tsami mai yawa.
Babban hanyar rage ƙasa shine gari mai lemun tsami, kusan gaba ɗaya yana kunshe da ƙwayoyin carbon wanda aka haɗu da shi (CaCO)3) Idan cakuda ya ƙunshi, ban da carbonate na baƙin ƙarfe, babban adadin carbonate magnesium (MgCO)3), to wannan cakuda shi ake kira gari dolomite. Duwatsu na magnesium sun fi zama mai dorewa, kuma samun gari daga garesu ya fi wahala, amma a sakamakon haka, takin ya fi amfanin gona amfanin gona. Yasa mai yashi tana fuskantar mafi ƙarancin ƙwayoyin magnesium, saboda haka, lemun tsami ba a amfani da su. Don cimma sakamako mafi kyau, ana iya ƙara marl har ma da ƙurar siminti na al'ada a cikin cakuda.
Ingancin ƙwayoyin da aka gabatar a cikin ƙasa an ƙaddara su da adadin adadin kalsiya da magnesium (wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman ga sharar masana'antu) da yadda ake milled sosai. Manyan barbashi suna da ƙarancin ƙarfi, saboda haka "asa ta “karɓi” su sannu a hankali. Don haɓaka mafi girmanwa, yana da kyau a zaɓi gari mai ƙirar dutse tare da kauri mai zurfi wanda ba ya wuce mm 0.25.
Wakili don ingantaccen liman an yanka shi lemun tsami. Wannan foda ne da aka samu ta hanyar dutsen da ke kwance a cikin dutsen, tare da ruwa. Ruwan lemun tsami ko ɗan iska a farkon thean shekarun farko yana magance ƙasa da sauri fiye da lemun tsami na yau da kullun. Bayan wasu darussan lafuzza da yawa, tasirin wadannan mahadi guda biyu ya zama iri daya ne.
Idan ba zai yiwu a aiwatar da iyakance na gargajiya ba, a gida zaka iya amfani da tandun murhu - an yayyafa shi a ƙarƙashin tushen tsire-tsire masu ɗanɗano acid.
Iyakar ƙasa: ƙimar aikace-aikacen
Yawancin lokaci, lokacin yin lissafi, ana jagorantar su da abin da ake kira cikakken kudi - adadin lemun tsami (tan a kowace hectare) wanda yawan acid ɗin ya ragu zuwa ɗan ɗanɗano acid ɗin.
Kafin yin lissafin yadda ake buƙatar lemun tsami a kowane rukunin yanar gizo, yana da mahimmanci don sanin ba kawai yankin da tsire-tsire ke sarrafawa ba, har ma da halaye masu zuwa:
- Abun da ke ciki na ƙasa.
- Acit na ƙasa mai ɗorewa a shafin.
- Siffofin amfanin gona da aka shuka a yankin. Misali, Clover, kabeji da beets suna ba da amsa mai mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen takin mai magani, don haka yana da kyawawa don tabbatar da cikakken kuɗin lemun tsami a wuraren da suke mamaye su. Amma acidity kusan ba shi da tasiri a cikin lupine ko dankali - ba ma'ana don jujjuya ƙasa da lemun tsami, sabili da haka zaku iya rage adadin kashi ɗaya bisa uku.
Ana yin lissafin iyakance ƙasa tare da kowane irin cakuda gwargwadon tsari mai zuwa: H = Yawan lemun tsami gwargwadon asalin acidity * 10000 kuma ya raba shi da Perawan lemun tsami a cikin cakuda * (100 - yawan adadin barbashi).
A nan, ana yin la'akari da adadin lemun tsami a cikin ton a kowace kadada. Babban barbashi sune barbashi tare da diamita fiye da 1 mm.
Idan ya zama dole don aiwatar da iyakance ciyawar acidic a kan sikeli, yana yiwuwa a zana taswirar taswirar wurin da ke nuna amfanin gona. A wasu wurare, acidity na iya zama mafi girma, kuma a madadin haka, saboda haka, don ingantaccen wurin kwanciya, kuna buƙatar yin la'akari da bambanci tsakanin ƙasa.
Hanyoyi da sharuɗɗan iyakance ƙasa
Zai fi kyau a iyakance ƙasa a cikin bazara kafin a shuka shuki ko a kaka kafin a tono gadaje don kada abubuwan da aka gabatar su zauna a farfajiya. Idan an shirya yin iyakokin bazara, to dole ne a aiwatar da aikin ba sai daga sati uku ba kafin dasa shuki.
Ana iya amfani da gari Dolomite don iyakance ko da a cikin hunturu - don wannan an bazu cikin filayen kai tsaye akan murfin dusar ƙanƙara.
Ana aiwatar da matakin farko kafin a fara dasa tebur da abinci na bera ko kabeji. Sauran nau'ikan albarkatun gona ba sa ba da takin ƙasa tare da lemun tsami akai-akai da tsire-tsire madadin, yayin da ingancin takin ba ya raguwa.
A lokacin kakar, wani ɓangare na kara lemun theara yana ɓace, saboda haka, ana sake yin garantin lokaci-lokaci (ba lallai bane kowace shekara). A karo na farko, ana ƙara samun irin wannan adadin lemun tsami ko gari dolomite don cire acid ɗin ƙasa. Akai-akai - kawai kananan allurai, koyaushe suna lura da matakin acidity da kiyaye ingantaccen abun da ke cikin alli da magnesium.
Yadda za a takin kasar gona da lemun tsami:
- Idan lemun tsami ko cakuda dolomite ba ƙasa sosai ba, to, kafin ƙara zuwa ƙasa, an murƙushe ta jihar foda.
- An gama abun da aka gama a ko'ina cikin yanar gizon.
- Da hannu ko ta amfani da injin gona, lemun tsami an haɗe shi da ƙasa a zurfin 20-25 cm Idan ana maimaita aikin kuma ba a ƙaddamar da ƙimar lemun tsami ba, zurfin ƙasa da aka yanke bai kamata ya wuce 4-6 cm ba.
Iyakokin Autar yana ba ka damar daidaita daidaituwa na acid da alkalis a cikin ƙasa, kuma sakamakon zai kasance na tsawon lokaci fiye da lokacin da ake amfani da lemun tsami a bazara. Ciyar da lemun tsami ya fi aminci a lokacin bazara, kamar yadda wasu kebantattun abubuwa (kamar su lemun tsami ko itace ash) suna lalatattu sosai kuma suna iya lalata tushen tsire-tsire ta hanyar hulɗa kai tsaye. A wannan yanayin, babu buƙatar kwance ƙasa da zurfi - bayan ruwan sama da haɗuwa na dusar ƙanƙara ta halitta da izinin isa zurfin da ake buƙata.
Tare da madaidaicin lissafin farkon, za a buƙaci maimaita hanya ba fiye da bayan shekaru 5-7 ba.
Idan ana so, zaku iya haɗa lemun tsami ko gari dolomite, daidai da gypsum foda tare da boric, jan ƙarfe, cobalt, potassium ko ma takin ƙwayoyin cuta. Superphosphates sun dace da yawan haihuwa.
Sakamakon Iyakar Lokaci
Iyakance ƙasa na acidic hanya ce mai sauƙi da tsabtace muhalli don ƙara haɓaka ƙasar a shafin. Abubuwan da suka haifar da sakamako masu kyau:
- kunna mahimmin aiki na wasu halittu masu amfani ga tsirrai, kamar su kwayoyin nodule, da sauransu.
- increasedara yawan juriya na ruwa da ƙaddamar da ƙasa na ƙasa, saboda wane ruwa, tare da takin zamani, ba ya barin tushen da tubers na dogon lokaci;
- haɓaka ƙasa da abubuwa masu amfani (alli, magnesium, fluorine);
- rigakafin sha daga abubuwa masu guba ta tsire-tsire - wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman ga yankuna da ke kusa da bangarorin masana'antu;
- saurin ɗaukar abubuwa na ma'adinai.
Duk waɗannan abubuwan suna haifar da damar girbi amintaccen yanayi da amfanin gona mai kyau tare da farkon kaka.
Don tabbatar da buƙatar ƙasa na lokaci, zaku iya lissafa fa'idodin tattalin arziƙin na hanyar - lokacin biyan kuɗi da ribar net. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar ƙididdige yawan kuɗin cakuda cakuda lemun tsami da rarrabuwar su akan ƙasa, tare da haɓaka albarkatu a cikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan iyakance. Babu shakka, mafi saurin dawowa kan zuba jari za'a iya cimma shi ta hanyar iyakance ƙasa da ƙasa mai ƙarfi a cikin acidic da kuma dasa shuki waɗanda ke kula da iyakance (kayan lambu, tsirrai da dankali). Sakamakon tsabtace ƙasa, tsire-tsire sun daina wahala daga sakamakon cutarwa na acid kuma suna karɓar abubuwan gina jiki da yawa fiye da yadda suke a da.
