Zucchini

Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo var. Giraumontia) wani nau'in kabewa ne mai tsami-tsire, wannan shuka shine wakilin dangin Suman. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari (pumpkins) suna da kamannin oblong, kuma ana iya fentin su a kore, launin kore, launin rawaya ko fari. A ɓangaren litattafan almara a cikin 'ya'yan itacen ne sosai m. Zucchini yana soyayyen, marinated, stewed, gwangwani, kuma an ci raw. Wurin haifan irin wannan al'adun kayan lambu shi ne Kwarin Oaxaca a Meziko, a ƙarni na 16 daga can aka kawo zucchini da sauran tsirrai daban-daban don Tsohuwar Duniya zuwa Turai. Da farko, an horar da zucchini na musamman a cikin matattarar tsire-tsire, a matsayin shuka mai saurin shuka. Sai kawai a cikin ƙarni na 18, an yi amfani da kabewa marasa amfani don dafa abinci. Tun daga wannan lokacin, wannan shuka ta sami karbuwa sosai, tunda 'ya'yan itacenta masu karamin kalori ne, masu sauƙin narkewa kuma suna da babban ɗanɗano. Ana amfani dasu da yawa a cikin abinci na Turai, har ma da abinci na abinci. An shirya jita-jita masu zafi, saladi da shirye-shiryen hunturu daga gare su, kuma an ba da shawarar a haɗa da zucchini a cikin abincin marasa lafiya da ke murmurewa, har ma da yara.

Siffofin zucchini

Zucchini wata kalma ce ta kalmar "tavern" ta Ukraine, ma'ana "kabewa". Irin wannan tsire-tsire na herbaceous shine shekara-shekara kuma yana da tsarin tushen ci gaba, yana kai 150 cm a ƙasan, tushen tsakiyar zai iya shiga cikin yadudduka ƙasa mai zurfi (150-170 cm zurfi), duk da haka, babban ɓangaren Tushen yana kusa da farfajiyar maƙarƙashiyar (a zurfin da bai wuce santimita 40 ba ) Manyan faranti biyar-faffadan faranti akan raunukana masu karamin karfi mai kwari suna kan harbe. An kafa daji gaba ɗaya mai ƙarfi daga gare su, wanda furanni mata da maza suka girma. Wannan tsiro mai-girma yana da ɗan gajeren girma. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari, waɗanda ke da kabewa, na iya zama zagaye, mai juye ko elongated, suna canza launin launuka daban-daban na kore, har ma da fari da rawaya (wani lokacin maɗaɗa). Zucchini yayi girma da sauri sosai kuma yana da yawan gaske. A kan wannan rukunin yanar gizon, ba za ku iya shuka 2 ko fiye da irin zucchini ba, kamar yadda ake shuka amfanin gona.

Girma zucchini daga tsaba

Shuka

Amfanin girma zucchini ta hanyar seedlings shine cewa 'ya'yan itaciyar da suka manyanta daga daji za'a iya cire su da yawa fiye da lokacin shuka iri a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa. Amma ya kamata a ɗauka a cikin zuciya cewa pumpkins da aka tattara daga irin wannan bushes ba an yi niyya don ajiya na dogon lokaci ba, a wannan batun, bayan tarin, ya kamata a sarrafa su ko amfani dashi azaman abinci da wuri-wuri. Idan kun yi niyya don adana 'ya'yan itacen na dogon lokaci, to, ana bada shawara don shuka iri a kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa bude. Suna yin wannan daga farkon Mayu zuwa farkon watan Yuni, yayin da ƙasa a kan shafin ya kamata ya dumama zuwa zurfin 80-100 mm zuwa zazzabi na 12 zuwa 13. Irin waɗannan tsaba suna buƙatar shiri kafin shuka, yayin da akwai hanyoyi da yawa:

tsaba tsawon kwanaki 1-2 ana nutsar dasu a cikin lita na ruwa mai ruwa, wanda a cikin 1 tbsp yake narkar da a baya. l itace ash (za a iya maye gurbin ash da Zircon, potassium humate, abubuwan ganowa ko Epin);
ana kwantar da tsaba a rana a mako guda;
Ana adana tsaba a cikin awanni 24 cikin ruwa mai ruwa, bayan haka ana lullube su da laushi kuma ana ɗumi ɗumi tsawon kwana uku ko hudu (daga digiri 22 zuwa 25).

Koyaya, hanyar taurin kai yana da babban abin dogaro a cikin shirin iri. Don yin wannan, an cire tsaba a madadin daga firiji zuwa shiryayye don kayan lambu, inda dole ne su tsaya daga sa'o'i 14 zuwa 16, sannan a sa su a zazzabi a ɗakuna daga 8 zuwa 10 hours.

Kasa don dasa wannan al'ada yakamata a shirya a gaba. Don yin wannan, a cikin kaka, sun tono shi zuwa zurfin felu baƙo, suna gabatarwa daga gram 50 zuwa 60 na superphosphate, kilo 10 zuwa 15 na takin da ɗimbin katako na itace sau 1 na murabba'in ƙasa a cikin ƙasa. A cikin bazara, dole ne a shimfiɗa saman da shafin, bayan da an sanya rami mai saukarwa a cikin layuka bisa ga tsarin santimita 70x50, zurfin ya kamata ya zama kimanin santimita 10. A lokaci guda, ya kamata a lura cewa yakamata a sami ramuka sama da uku a kowace muraba'in mita 1 na gadaje. A cikin kowane rami ya kamata a zuba 1 tbsp. l humus da itacen ash, bayan haka an cika gauraye da takin zamani tare da zubar da ruwa. An sanya tsaba 2 ko 3 a cikin kowane rami, bayan wannan dole ne a rufe su da ƙasa. Idan ƙasa a kan yanar gizon tana da nauyi, to, ana buƙatar binne tsaba ba fiye da mm 30-50, kuma idan yana da haske, to 50-70 mm. Idan da yawa seedlings suka bayyana a cikin ramin, to lallai zai zama dole a shuka ƙarin, a bar shuka ɗaya kaɗai.

Shuka seedlings na zucchini

Lokacin da girma zucchini ta hanyar seedlings, zaka iya samun 'ya'yan itatuwa da sauri. Kafin shuka shuki na seedlings, ya kamata a shirya kayan iri a daidai kamar lokacin da aka shuka shuka a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa. Dole ne kawai a shuka irin waɗancan da ke kumbura da kyau, yakamata su sami ƙananan tsiro. Ya kamata a dauki madadin shuka ya zama alkaline ko tsaka tsaki, yakamata ya haɗa da humus (20%), ƙasa mai (50%), sawdust (10%) da ƙasa turur (20%). Idan ƙasa ta cika yawan acidic, to ya kamata a ƙara alli ko itace ash a ciki. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire suna girma sosai a cikin kayan haɗin da ake shirye da ake kira Exo, wanda za'a iya siyan shi a shagon sana'a.

Auki tukwane na peat, a diamita suna kai 80-100 mm, kuma ku cika su da abin da aka shirya. Don kamuwa da cuta, an zubar da cakuda ƙasa tare da bayani mai rauni na potassiumgangan ko ruwan zafi. Sa'an nan ana shuka tsaba, suna buƙatar binne su a cikin substrate na 20 mm. Bayan shuka, tukwane a saman dole ne a rufe su da gilashi ko fim. Ana yin shuka iri don shuka kwanaki 20-30 kafin a dasa su cikin ƙasa. Ya danganta da yanayin a wani yanki, ana iya yin shuka iri biyu a farkon kwanakin Afrilu da farkon Mayu. Kafin shuki ya bayyana, amfanin gona zai buƙaci samar da zazzabi na kusan digiri 20-22. Kuma bayan fitowar tsire-tsire daga kwantena, zai zama dole don cire tsari, bayan wannan ana tura su zuwa wani wuri mai kyau, mai sanyi (hasken rana dole ne a watsa shi). Don haka, a cikin rana, zafin jiki na iska ya kamata ya zama kimanin digiri 15-18, yayin da dare - bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da digiri 13-15 ba. Don yin wannan, ana iya matsar da shuka zuwa loggia ko baranda mai walƙiya. Bayan kwanaki 7, an sake canza squash zuwa zafi (zazzabi daga digiri 20 zuwa 22). Saboda wannan, shuka ba zai shimfiɗa ba.

Ya kamata a samar da 'ya'yan itace tare da shayarwa na lokaci, saboda wannan dalili ruwa mai kyau-zazzage ana amfani dashi. A wannan yanayin, tuna cewa saman Layer na substrate bai kamata ya bushe ba. Irin waɗannan seedlingsan itacen za su buƙaci aƙalla manyan riguna biyu, yayin amfani da takin gargajiya da na ma'adinai. Bayan makonni 1-1.5 bayan bayyanar seedlings, suna buƙatar ciyar da su tare da maganin mullein (1:10), yayin da ya kamata a zuba 50 ml a cikin kowane tukunya. Ana iya maye gurbin kwayoyin halitta tare da maganin ma'adinan ma'adinai (na 1 lita na ruwa, shan 5 zuwa 7 grams na superphosphate da 2-3 na urea), ½ tbsp. Ana zuba su a ƙarƙashin daji 1. gaurayawan. Bayan wasu kwanaki 7, an ciyar da squash tare da bayani na nitrophoska (1 tsp. 1 tsp. Abin da ke ciki), yayin da tbsp 1. Ana zuba su a ƙarƙashin daji 1. gaurayawan. Lokacin zabar takin zamani don irin wannan amfanin gona, dole ne mutum yayi la'akari da cewa bai yarda da sinadarin chlorine ba.

Zaba

'Ya'yan itacen Zucchini suna amsa mummunar mummunar cutar, saboda haka ana ba da shawarar shuka shi kai tsaye a kwantena. A cikin abin da tsire-tsire da yawa ke tsiro a cikin akwati ɗaya a lokaci daya, dasa ƙarin zucchini, barin ɗaya a cikin tukunyar. Wannan tsari ana iya kiransa dayan sharadin.

Dasa zucchini a buɗe ƙasa

Wani lokaci don shuka

Dasa bishiyoyin zucchini a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa ya zama kusan makonni 4 bayan bayyanar seedlings. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, saukowa yana faruwa a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Mayu ko kwanakin farko na Yuni, bayan barazanar dawowar bazara frosts aka bari a baya.

Ƙasa mai dacewa

Yankin da ya dace don dasa shuki wannan amfanin gona yakamata ya zama mai cike da walƙiya, kariya daga iska mai ƙarfi, wanda yake a kudu maso yamma ko kuma gefen kudu na lambun, yayin da ruwan ƙasa yakamata ya yi zurfi sosai. Kuma kasar gona ya kamata dan kadan alkaline ko tsaka tsaki. Ba za ku iya shuka zucchini ba aƙalla shekaru uku a cikin waɗancan wuraren da aka horar da wakilan Gidan Suman (misali, cucumbers, kabewa, squash ko squash), in ba haka ba wataƙila bushes ɗin za su kamu da cututtukan da suke kama da kabewa. Mafi kyawun ingancin irin wannan shuka su ne: Peas, tumatir, faski, letas, kabeji, albasa, tafarnuwa, radishes, karas, dankali da ciyawar kore.

Ya kamata a shirya saukowa a gaba. Don yin wannan, a lokacin bazara, zai buƙaci tono zuwa zurfin kusan 0.3 m, yayin da gram 20 na potassium sulfate, kilo 5 na humus ko takin da 30 grams na superphosphate a kowace muraba'in 1 ya kamata a ƙara ƙasa a ƙasa. A cikin bazara, ya kamata a saki ƙasa a kan shafin, yayin da ammonium nitrate (15 grams da 1 murabba'in 1 na shafin) an shigar da shi zuwa zurfin kusan santimita 10. Sannan ya kamata a sanya saman shafin.

Dokokin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe

A shafin, ya kamata a sa rami mai saukowa ta yadda ba za a sami fiye da 3 a kowane muraba'in mita 1 na gadaje ba. Jere jeri ya kamata ya zama daga centimita 100 zuwa 150. Zuba karamin adadin humus da ash na itace a cikin kowane rami, takin zamani dole ne a hade shi da kasar gona. Bayan haka, ana dasa bishiyar rami a cikin rami, wanda aka ɗauka tare da dunƙule mai laushi, yayin da ya zama dole a zurfafa shi ta faranti na cotyledonous, kuma a cike gilasan a cikin ramin tare da ƙasa. Dole ne a sanya ƙasa, bayan da aka shayar da zucchini sosai. Dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe ya zama dole a cikin hadari da yanayin dumama. Idan akwai haɗarin dawo da daskararru, kowane tsire-tsire zai buƙaci an rufe shi da kwalban filastik da aka yanka ko an sanya katako na ƙarfe a saman bushes, wanda akan sanya fim ɗin filastik. Bayan an dasa squash akan gado, washegari zai zama tilas a kwance farfajiyar.

Girma zucchini a cikin greenhouse

A cikin fim na fim, dasa shuki na zucchini ya kamata a yi a cikin yanayin girgije ko da rana. Ana shuka dasa 15-20 kwanaki kafin a dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe, a wannan batun, kuma shuka iri a cikin tukwane dole ne a yi a farkon kwanakin nan guda. A kan gado a cikin gidan kore, rami ya kamata a yi murabba'i ko zagaye, a diamita ya kamata su kai rabin mita, yayin da zurfin su ya zama kimanin 0.3 m, kuma nisan da ke tsakanin ramuka ya kasance daga 0.7 zuwa 0.8 m A cikin kowane rami zuba 30 grams na potassium sulfate, 500 grams na peat moss takin da 50 grams na superphosphate. Bayan an zubar da ramuka, ya kamata a dasa shuki a cikinsu, bayan haka ramuka suna cike da ƙasa, kuma ana sake shayar da tsire-tsire. A cikin greenhouse, kuna buƙatar kula da wani tsarin zafin jiki, saboda haka, yayin rana ya kamata ya zama kimanin digiri 23-25, kuma da dare - daga digiri 14 zuwa 15. Yanayin zafin jiki na ƙasa bai kamata ya zama ya zama ƙasa da digiri 18 ba, kuma mafi yawan zafi shine daga kashi 60 zuwa 70.

A cikin kore, yakamata a samar da tsire-tsire tare da kulawa da ta dace, don wannan suna buƙatar samun iska a cikin yanayi mai dacewa kuma an shayar da shi a hankali, da kuma sassauta ƙasa a lokaci, cire ciyawar ciyawa da abinci. A yayin da ake lura da girman ƙwayar haɓakar ɗan adam a cikin bushes, to saboda wannan yanayin yawan iska a cikin greenhouse yana iya ƙaruwa sosai, a sakamakon haka, ana iya zubar da ƙwayoyin. Don hana wannan, daga tsakiya ko ƙananan ɓangaren kara, kuna buƙatar cirewa daga faranti 2 zuwa 4, har ma a cikin greenhouse kuna buƙatar tsara tsari don samun iska.

Kula da Zucchini

Kulawa da zucchini da aka girma a cikin ƙasa abu ne mai sauƙin sauƙi, don wannan suna buƙatar shayar da su ta hanyar da ta dace, bayan wannan an ɓoye farjin ƙasa tsakanin layuka, kuma an cire duk sako. Har yanzu, irin wannan tsire-tsire suna buƙatar a ciyar da su akan lokaci kuma ana kiyaye su daga kwari da cututtuka da dama. Idan bushes fara fure, da ƙudan zuma ba bayyane a kan shafin, to, dole ne a yi pollination da hannu. Don yin wannan, yanke fure na namiji (ba shi da kwaya a bayansa) kuma ya tsinke duk furannin daga gare ta, bayan hakan ya kamata ya fallasa da kwaro, wanda ya kamata ya nuna alamun a cikin furannin mata da aka buɗe. Floweraya daga cikin namiji fure ya isa don pollination na 2 ko 3 mace. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a ɗaukar 'ya'yan itaciyar da ta dace.

Yadda ake ruwa

Watering bushes ya kamata da maraice, ta amfani da ruwa don wannan, wanda aka mai tsanani a rana a lokacin rana. A kan kwanakin zafi, kafin matsi ganye na zucchini, kuna buƙatar shayar da su kowace rana. Lokacin da ganye ya rufe kuma ya rufe saman gado, zai zama dole don shayar da bushes ƙasa sau da yawa, a matsayin mai mulkin, da zarar kowane 5 ko 6 kwanaki idan yana da sanyi da kuma gajimare a waje, kuma a cikin yanayi mai zafi - sau ɗaya kowace kwana biyu ko uku. Lokacin yin ruwa, ana zuba ruwa a hankali a ƙarƙashin tushe, kuma don kare 'ya'yan itaciyar da aka yi daga Rotring, ana sanya abu mai hana ruwa a ƙarƙashin su (alal misali, guntattar ko allo). Idan a cikin yanayin zafi zafi da ganye a kan bushes zama mara nauyi, to, da yamma ya kamata a shayar da bututun ƙarfe tare da kananan ramuka.

Taki

Wannan al'ada ta fi son takin gargajiya. Don transplanted cikin ƙasa bude seedlings, zaka iya shirya jiko na ganye. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar cika ganga, wanda ke kan titin, kusan zuwa saman tare da ciyawar ciyawa, sannan an zuba ruwa a ciki. Haɗa abubuwan da ke cikin ganga a kowace rana. Jiko zai kasance a shirye bayan kwana 7, an tace shi kuma a haɗe shi da ruwa a cikin rabo na 1: 8. Bayan rabin wata bayan dasa shuki a kan gado, ana buƙatar shayar da seedlings tare da wannan jiko, yayin ƙoƙarin kada ku hau kan harbe ko ganye. Bayan kwanaki 7, ana sake ciyar da seedlings tare da wannan jiko. Wasu lambu suna ciyar da zucchini a madadin tare da jiko na ganye da slurry. Don shirya shi, taki dole ne a haɗe shi da ruwa a cikin rabo na 1:10, ya kamata a saka cakuda a cikin rana na kwana uku. Shirye a shirye yakamata a shayar da kasar gona a kusa da tushen daji, alhali bai kamata ya samu hauhawar harbe ko ciyawar zucchini ba. Bayan samuwar ovaries ya fara, ana bada shawara don ciyar da tsire-tsire kuma, ana bada shawarar yin amfani da cakuda abinci mai zuwa: 1 guga ko ɗigon ciyawa ko ciyawar ciyawa ya kamata a haɗe shi da 1 tbsp. sifted itace ash kuma daga 1 tbsp. l ninka superphosphate. Masana sun ba da shawara cewa kafin fara takin bushes, tabbas za a shayar da gonar.

Aiwatarwa

Don hana zucchini daga kamuwa da kowace cuta kuma ya kare su daga kwari masu cutarwa, ya zama dole a nemi maganin rigakafin. Don yin wannan, kwanaki 7 bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, ya kamata a fesa bushes tare da maganin Karbofos, wanda zai kare su daga kwari masu cutarwa, kuma za a kula da su tare da maganin maganin jan karfe ko ruwa na Bordeaux (1%), wannan zai taimaka kare squash daga cututtukan fungal. Bugu da kari, a cikin kaka, lokacin da za'a girbe amfanin gona da tarkace daga wurin, zai bukaci tono mai zurfi, kuma yakamata a shirya don dasa shuki na gaba, kuma bai kamata mutum ya manta game da ka'idojin juyawa ba.

Cututtukan squash da kwari tare da hotuna

Ko da idan an kula da zucchini yadda yakamata kuma duk hanyoyin rigakafin da za'ayi su a kan kari, da kuma dokokin canza amfanin gona da fasahar aikin gona, waɗannan tsire-tsire har yanzu suna fama da rashin lafiya. Don fara lura da lokaci irin wannan al'ada, kuna buƙatar sanin alamun cututtuka, da kuma abin da kwari masu cutarwa zasu iya rayuwa a kanta.

Karin kwari

Mafi yawan lokuta fararen fata da aphids sun sauka akan bushes, kuma slugs zasu iya cutar da su.

Aphids masu ban sha'awa

Idan yanayin yana da danshi da laima, wataƙila aplonon kan guna za su yanke shawara akan bushes. Wannan kwaro ya ci ruwan 'ya'yan itacen, yana shan shi daga kowane bangare na daji da ke sama da ƙasa. Sakamakon mahimmancin aikin aphids, ganye, ovaries, harbe da furanni sun lalace. Irin waɗannan kwari za a iya magance su tare da magunguna na jama'a, don wannan suna amfani da maganin ruwa na kayan wanka na wanka ko sabulu (300 grams da 1 guga na ruwa), kuna buƙatar aiwatar da bushes sau 3. Idan irin wannan magani ya zama mara amfani, to, za a buƙaci yaduwar bushes tare da shirye-shiryen kwari, alal misali: Phosphamide, Metaphos, Karbofos ko Decis, amma ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da wannan hanyar magani kawai a cikin matsanancin yanayi.

Farar Fata

Farar fata yana haifar da mummunar lalacewar amfanin gona. A rabi na biyu na lokacin bazara, adadin waɗannan kwari shine mafi girma. Suna zaunar a saman ba daidai ba na faranti ganye. A sakamakon rayuwar su, m mai narkewa ruwan dare kasance a kan shuka far, a kan abin da soot naman gwari na rayayye ya yawaita, saboda abin da baki burbushi samar a kan daji, haifar da withering na foliage. Hanya mafi sauki don magance farin fararen fata shine kaɗa su daga bushes tare da rafi na ruwa, to lallai ne dole ne a kwance farfajiyar ƙasa a kusa da shuka zuwa zurfin kusan 20 mm. Idan kwari sun kasance, to tsire-tsire za su buƙaci fesawa tare da mafita daga shirye-shiryen maganin kwari na Komandor (1 gram na ruwa da guga 1, wannan adadin zai isa ya sarrafa muraba'in mita 100 na shafin). Ya kamata ayi aiwatar da tsari ne bayan an gama girbi.

Matsawa

Idan slugs sun zauna a kan bushes, to, za su buƙaci a tattara su ta hannu. Idan akwai mamayewa na gastropods, to lallai ne a sanya koto a kan shafin. Don yin wannan, a wurare da yawa suna sanya jita-jita waɗanda ke cike da giya mai duhu, bayan ɗan lokaci kaɗan an bincika bait kuma an tattara kwari da ke kusa da su.

Cututtuka

Babban haɗari ga zucchini shine ƙwayar cuta, mildew powdery, basal da fari rot, anthracnose da baƙar fata.

Powdery mildew

Powdery mildew yana shafar sassan jikin m na daji, farfajiya wacce aka rufe ta da sako-sako da farin farin launi. Yayinda cutar ke ci gaba, tana jujjuya launin ruwan kasa, yayin da ciyawar da aka rufe da tatsuniya ta fara bushewa, 'ya'yan itaciyar da abin ya shafa sun daina haɓakawa kuma ana lura da lalatawar su. Mafi yawan ci gaban wannan cuta ana lura dashi tare da canje-canje masu kauri cikin zafin jiki da zafi. Da zaran an gano alamun irin wannan cutar, za a buƙaci fesa bushes tare da maganin kashi goma na shirye-shiryen fungicidal (Bayleton ko Topsin). Idan akwai irin wannan buƙatar, to, bayan rabin wata, ana sake sarrafa tsari.

Baƙin fata

Idan zucchini ya shafa ta hanyar baƙar fata, to, gurɓatattun launuka ne na keɓaɓɓun ko kuma keɓaɓɓen siffar an kafa su a farfajiyar ganye. Yayinda cutar ta haɓaka, baƙin duhu mai duhu akan daji, wanda ya ƙunshi ɓoyayyen naman gwari. Fushin furen, wanda aka rufe da saƙo, ya bushe kuma ya zube, sakamakon haka, ramuka ya bayyana a kan farantin. Akwai alaƙar tsagewa da katsewa na ci gaban kabewa. Ya kamata a cire marasa lafiya bushes daga ƙasa da wuri-wuri kuma a hallaka. Bayan an tattara dukkan 'ya'yan itatuwa, shafin dole ne a tsabtace shi da tsire-tsire.

Kwayar cuta

Bacteriosis cuta ce mai kamuwa da cuta. Dansandan shafawa sukan bayyana a jikin ganye wanda ya kamu da cutar, a tsawon lokaci, sukan yi duhu. Inda irin waɗannan wuraren suke, akwai keta alfarmar ganye. Sores da na ruwa tabo suna bayyana a saman kabewa. Cutar na tasowa mafi yawan aiki a cikin dumin yanayi mai zafi da laima. Ya kamata a fesa zucchini mara lafiya tare da maganin maganin cakuda Bordeaux (1%).

Farar fata (sclerotinia)

Idan daji ya shafi sclerotonia (fararen juji), to kuwa an rufe sassan jikinta da mycelium, wanda yake da farin farin launi. Kayan tsiron ya yi laushi kuma ya zama mai laushi a ƙarƙashin irin wannan rufin, kuma yayin da cutar ke ci gaba, ƙwayoyin baƙar fata sun fito a cikin waɗannan yankuna, har da bushewar ganyayyaki da bushe bushewar duk daji. Mafi sau da yawa, bushes a cikin m plantations shafi lokacin da yanayin shi ne rigar sanyi. Ana ba da shawarar bushes mai lalacewa daga ƙasa kuma ya lalata da wuri-wuri. A lokaci guda, fesa tsire-tsire masu cututtukan ƙwayar cuta tare da maganin kashe-kumburi hanya ce mai ƙarancin tasiri.

Tushen rot

Idan daji ya shafa basal rot, to, ƙananan faranti ganye fara bushewa, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari sun zama rawaya, kuma mai tushe mai launin ruwan kasa, yayin da a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren sun zama kama da kayan wanki. Mafi sau da yawa, wannan cuta tasowa a lokacin da dasa shuki seedlings a cikin ƙasa unheated, watering squash tare da ruwan sanyi, kuma a sakamakon matsanancin yalwatacce saman miya. Don warkar da tsire-tsire, dole ne ku bi ka'idodi don kula da su, kuma ku fesa su da samfurin da ke ɗauke da jan ƙarfe.

Anthracnose

Tare da anthracnose, wuraren zagaye na launin ruwan kasa-launin rawaya suna bayyana akan faranti. Bayan bushewa, tsokar ta zube a jikin ganyalen, ramuka kuma suka hau kanta. Dukkanin bangarorin da ke bayan kasa sun mamaye shi, yayin da bushesan ya bushe da tsallen ganye. Mafi sau da yawa, tsire-tsire ke haifar da wannan cuta a cikin yanayin zafi da damp. Ya kamata a fesa dazuran da abin ya shafa tare da maganin maganin cakuda Bordeaux (1%) ko ana iya watsa su da ƙwayar ƙasa (ana ɗaukar gram 1.5-3 a kowace murabba'in mita 1 na fili).

Tarin tattarawa da adana zucchini

Girbi 'ya'yan itãcen zucchini ne da za'ayi kamar yadda suke ripen. Don haka, bayan makonni 6-8 bayan da aka shuka iri, zucchini na farko zai zama ya huda abinci. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana girbe su ta hanyar ganye mara girma, tsawon su ya zama daga 15 zuwa 25 santimita, yayin da tsaba a cikin kabewa ya zama mai laushi da ƙanana. Idan kullun ka tattara 'ya'yan itatuwa marasa kan gado, wannan zai hanzarta ci gaban sabbin kabewa. Amma idan kuna buƙatar zucchini wanda za'a iya ajiye shi na dogon lokaci, to ya kamata a tattara su ne kawai bayan da kabewa sun cika cikakke, kuma ɓoyayyen ƙurar su ya yi kauri da kauri. Don tsabtace zucchini, yi amfani da wuka mai kaifi ko keɓewa, yayin da ake yin yanka a farfajiyar.

Fruitsa fruitsan itan marayu, waɗanda aka tumɓuke don abinci ko don shirye-shiryen hunturu, dole ne a yanke su kai tsaye a tushe daga tushe. Kuma waɗanda zucchini waɗanda aka tsara don ajiyayyun ajiya ya kamata a tsabtace tare da dogon ɗakin kwana, yayin da yanke akan shi ya kamata har ma. Gaskiyar ita ce idan wurin da yanke ya kasance shaggy ne, to wannan zai haifar da lalacewa mai saurin lalacewar ciyawar, wanda hakan zai iya sa 'ya'yan itacen su lalace. Za a iya adana fruitsa fruitsan ofanyen madara na ƙwayar madara na kimanin kwanaki 15 a cikin firiji a zazzabi na 0 zuwa 2, bayan haka an murƙushe su, ko na wilted ko decayed. An adana 'ya'yan itaciya a cikin dakin sanyi, mai iska mai kyau da bushe, inda zasu iya yin kusan watanni 5. Filin gidan gona bai dace da adana zucchini ba, saboda yawanci yana da zafi sosai, saboda abin da aka sa ci gaban ayyukan saiti, yayin da wadancan fruitsa thatan da ke da lahani a farfajiya ke saurin juyawa da sauri. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari dole ne a sanya su a cikin akwati, ƙarshen abin da ya kamata a rufe shi da sawdust ko bambaro, yayin da kabewa ba za su taɓa juna ba. Domin a adana zucchini na dogon lokaci, farjinsu yana buƙatar a nutsar dashi a cikin paraffin mai kafaɗa, sannan a barshi ya bushe. Idan baku da ɗaki na musamman don adana irin kayan lambu, to, sanya shi a cikin ɗakin, zaɓin wuri mai duhu da bushe don wannan, alal misali, za a iya sanya su kusa da ƙofar da ke kaiwa zuwa baranda, ko a sa a ƙarƙashin gado. Irin wannan kayan lambu yana da kyau a ajiye akan shiryayye na firiji wanda aka tsara don kayan lambu; na farko, dole ne a sanya shi cikin jakar polyethylene tare da buɗewa da yawa. Idan an yi komai daidai, to squash ɗin zai iya yin bacci har sai sababbi su yi girma a kakar wasa ta gaba, amma ya kamata a lura cewa a watan Maris naman jikinsu ya fara ɗaci daɗi, ƙwayoyin da ke cikinsu kuma suka fara toho.

Iri da nau'in squash

Duk zucchini ya kasu kashi biyu (fari-fruited) da zucchini. A cikin zucchini, faranti na ganye suna watsa su sosai, kusa da jijiyoyin da suke yawan samun farin aibobi, gonar da ba su da kwarewa za su iya rikice tare da alamun mildew mai ƙwaya. Zucchini pumpkins na iya zama launin launin shuɗi ko rawaya a cikin abubuwa da yawa da yawa. Misali, zucchini sune ire-iren wadannan: Black kyau, Astoria, Aeronaut, Grey, Yellow-fruited, Caserta, Marquise, Zebra, Tsukesh, Negritenek; kamar yadda aka hada su: Jan, Golda, Vanyusha, Jade, Diamond, Defender, Candela da Masha. Varietiesananan nau'ikan suna cikin zucchini mai launin fari: Angir, Maɗaukaki, Spaghetti, Belogor, Gribovsky 37; kazalika da hybrids: Cavili da Sangrum.

Hakanan, waɗannan tsire-tsire sun kasu bisa ga siffar daji zuwa cikin rabin daji (tare da gajeren lashes) da daji. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na iya samun zagaye ko kuma siffar abu mai ɗimbin yawa, duk da haka, akwai nau'ikan iri iri tare da wasu nau'in kabewa. Hakanan an rarraba Zucchini ta balaga zuwa farkon cikakke, tsakiyar ripening da marigayi.

Akwai da yawa daga irin nau'ikan wannan shuka, da kuma wasu 'yan kiwo, da kiwo wanda, a matsayin mai mulkin, masana kwastan kasashen waje ne kawai ke aiki. Irin waɗannan dangin suna da fa'idarsu, wato: bawoyen su ba mai kauri bane, kuma ɗakin zuriya yana ƙanana fiye da yadda aka saba. Bugu da kari, 'ya'yan itatuwa na iya wanzuwa a kan shuka na tsawon lokaci ba tare da overriding ba, kuma gabatarwarsu sun fi dacewa. Amma gogaggen lambu mafi yawanci zabi iri gida, tun da suna da mafi girma sanyi juriya, kuma su pumpkins ma girma ne don kiyayewa.

Mafi mashahuri gida da kuma shigo da irin zucchini:

Jirgin sama. Wannan zucchini karamin komputa yana da ƙananan lanhes. Yawancin furanni akan daji mata ne. Ana yin zane mai laushi mai laushi mai laushi mai laushi mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, a saman farjinsu akwai launin kore ko farar fata. Jikin da ba a tallatawa ba yana da launi mai tsami. Wannan inji ta shahara sosai tsakanin yan lambu, saboda tana da yawan gaske. Wannan nau'in ya dace da namo a cikin filin bude da kuma a cikin greenhouse. Ana iya amfani da 'ya'yan itace don canning kuma don shirya jita-jita iri-iri.
Fari. Wannan precocious iri-iri ne halin da yawan aiki da unpretentiousness, shi ripens a kawai 35-40 days. Pumpkins na matsakaici-matsakaici suna da fararen launi. A kodadde cream jiki ne mai matukar m da m. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na iya amfani da shi don ɗayan itace, adanawa, dafa abinci da adana lokaci mai tsawo.
'Ya'yan itace rawaya. Wannan buss da farko zucchini, halin high yawan aiki, an girma a bude ƙasa. Cylindrical dan kadan riƙon pumpkins na duniya ana fentin rawaya. Haɗin 'ya'yan itacen ya haɗa da adadin kuzari mai yawa, saboda haka ana amfani dasu don shirya abinci da abincin jariri.
Zebra. Karamin daji na fari cikakke zucchini, wanda juriya yake da juriya, yana da kara mai gautsi. Cylindrical pumpkins na launin kore mai launin shuɗi, a farfajiyar su akwai manyan launuka masu launin shuɗi mai duhu, waɗanda ke a tsaye nesa. Ba mai ɗamara mai ɗigon ruwan ɗumi yana da haske launin shuɗi mai haske. Wannan iri-iri na ɗaya daga cikin ingantattun abubuwa, yayin da za a iya amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa biyu don adanawa da dafa abinci.
Sangrum. Wannan farkon cikakke daji matasan an yi nufin don namo a cikin ƙasa bude. Green pump and white Sylindrical pumpkins suna da sukari mai yawa.
Helena. Wannan daji iri-iri ne farkon cikakke da kuma unicotyledonous. Pumpkins na silima mai santsi yana da launuka na zinare. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne rawaya. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na iya amfani da shi don adanawa, dayan abinci da dafa abinci.
Kyakkyawan bakar fata. Wannan karamin daji iri-iri na zucchini, wanda babban haɓaka yake da shi, an yi niyya don namo ƙasa a buɗe. Yana fitar da 'ya'yan itace na ɗan lokaci kaɗan. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na da duhu kore kusan launin launi. M farin ciki da fari jiki ba haushi da taushi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun dace don adanawa da dafa abinci.
Negro. Wannan farkon cikakke zucchini iri-iri ne halin high yawan aiki da kuma juriya ga powdery mildew, an yi niyya don namo a cikin ƙasa bude. Pumpkins suna da launi mai launin shuɗi-baki, naman jikinsu yana da daɗi da kore.
Cavili. Wannan matsanancin-farkon daji matasan yana da matukar yawan amfanin ƙasa, tsawon lokacin fruiting da juriya ga mildew powdery. An yi zane-zanen madaidaiciya madaidaiciya a cikin launi mai launin shuɗi, dandano na farin ɓangaren litattafan almara yana da laushi. Ana iya yin noma biyu a cikin greenhouse ko a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa.
Kuand. Wadannan rabin-daji da daji matsakaici-lokaci zucchini ripening suna halin babban yawan aiki da kuma tsayayya wa rot da mildew powdery. Su za a iya horar da a greenhouses da bude ƙasa. A farfajiya na kananzir kore mai tsalle-tsirrai akwai tsintsaye mara-tsami.
Gribovsky 37. Matsakaitan matsakaici, iri-iri mai matukar girma shine aka shirya don narkar da ƙasa a cikin ƙasa. Short-cylindrical greenish squash ya kama a cikin yankin da ciyawar. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari an rufe su da ɓawon burodi mai wuya. 'Yan lambu sun girka wannan ire-iren amfani da duniya baki ɗaya.
Rukunin Zucchini Spaghetti. A cikin irin waɗannan nau'ikan, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari ba sabon abu bane. Idan kuka dafa duka zucchini tsawon mintuna 30, to naman nashi zai zama kwano wanda ya kunshi fulawar bakin ciki mai kama da taliya irin ta Italiya. Mafi mashahuri iri-iri ne Raviolo, wanda pumpkins mai launin shuɗi yana da launin rawaya.

Abubuwan da aka fi so da su sune nau'ikan launuka kamar su 'Ya'yan itace, bananaan rawaya, Zolotinka, Zinare, Mu'ujizar Orange, Zebra, Abincin hunturu, Tapir, da kuma Zephyr da kuma hybrids Festival. Launin kabewa a cikin irin waɗannan tsire-tsire na kayan ado ne sosai, wanda zai zama kyakkyawan kayan adon gidan ku. Wadanda suka fi son 'ya'yan itatuwa masu fasali na yau da kullun, ya kamata su kula da nau'ikan da ke da siffa da pear, Mystery, da kuma siffofi masu dauke da kyanwa, Myachik, Suruka, Tintoretto, Ronde de Nice, da kuma irinsu Hlebosolny, Cook, da Boatswain. Round pumpkins na Kankana iri-iri suna kama da na gaske kankana. A cikin Giant iri-iri masu ban mamaki, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari na iya kaiwa tsawon cm 100, yayin da suke nauyin kilo 10, kuma ana iya adana su na shekaru 2. Bambancin al'ajiban launi guda biyu ana fentin su kai tsaye cikin launuka 2, yayin da akwai takamaiman iyaka tsakanin su. A cikin nau'ikan Hawan Hawan Hawan Sama, 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna da sihiri mai ban sha'awa, da alama dai ƙwararren masanin fasaha ya halitta su.