Daikon (Raphanus sativus) - plantan itace mai dusar ƙanƙara-fari da daddaɗa daga dangin Cruciferous. Baya ga wannan sunan, yana da ƙari da yawa: radish na Japan, daikon na Jafananci, radish na Sin, farin fari. 'Yan lambu suna son wannan kayan lambu saboda unpreentious ne cikin kulawa, yana da yawan amfanin ƙasa da ɗanɗano mai haske. Wannan labarin zaiyi bayani dalla-dalla yadda ake shuka, girma da kuma kulawa daikon a cikin filin bude.
Bayanin radish daikon
Daikon na iya zama shekara ɗaya ko shekara biyu. Tushen amfanin gona daikon suna da yawa, wani lokacin nauyinsu ya kai kilo huɗu. 'Ya'yan itãcen fari ko launi mai tsami, mai daɗi da laushi, suna da dandano mai ƙoshin magana ba tare da wuce gona da iri da ƙanshi mara kyau ba. A halin yanzu, radish na Jafananci ya zama sananne a tsakanin lambu kamar karas, kabeji, radishes da sauransu.
Girma daikon daga tsaba
Shuka tsaba
Yana da Dole a dasa seedling a cikin daikon, wanda ya zagaye 'ya'yan itatuwa, tun da iri tare da amfanin gona mai tsayi ba sa yin haƙuri da ɗaukar hoto. Mafi dacewa lokacin dasa shuki fararen tsaba don shuka shine rabin na biyu na Maris da farkon watan Afrilu. Daikon tsaba suna buƙatar zama preplanted. Da farko, dole ne a saukar da su a cikin ruwa na digiri hamsin na minti ashirin, sannan a lokaci guda cikin ruwan sanyi. Bayan wannan hanya, ya kamata a kwantar da tsaba a rana guda.
Mafi kyawun ƙasa don dasawa shine cakuda peat da humus. Wajibi ne a shuka iri biyu a cikin tukunya guda, bayan sun haɗu don zaɓar mafi ƙarfi daga cikinsu, kuma ɗayan sauran a tushe don kar su zama a banza suna ɗaukar abubuwa masu amfani kuma kada su tsoma baki tare da ci gaban juna. Don zurfafa tsaba a cikin ƙasa kuna buƙatar ma'aunin santimita biyu. Bayan dasawa, kuna buƙatar shayar da ƙasa sosai kuma ku rufe tukwane tare da filastik don ƙirƙirar tasirin greenhouse kuma sanya shi a cikin ɗaki mai dumi. Bayan haka, kafin fitowar sa, ya zama dole don sanya iska a cikin kullun ta hanyar cire fim na kimanin mintina 15.
'Ya'yan Daikon
Kuna buƙatar shayar da seedlings a kai a kai. Bayan kowace watering, m sassauta kasar gona. Wajibi ne a tabbatar da cewa hasken rana daikon bai wuce tsayi ba, saboda wannan na iya shafar amfanin gona. Kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai budewa, ya zama dole don cike seedlings, saboda wannan kuna buƙatar ɗaukar tukwane don iska mai kyau, sannu-sannu ƙara yawan lokaci da aka kashe akan titi. Wannan zai taimaka daikon seedlings mafi sauki don canja wurin dasawa zuwa ga bude ƙasa.
Waje daikon dasa
Lokacin da tsire-tsire suka bayyana ganye 2-3, zai yuwu ku dasa shi a ƙasa. Canza wuri ya zama dole lokacin da ƙasa tayi dumin yanayi, yuwuwar dawowar sanyi zata zama babu komai, kuma zazzabi sama zai kasance da ƙarancin digiri 10. Wurin dasa shuki na radish na Japan yakamata ya kasance a cikin ɓangaren rana na lambun.
Amma ga ƙasa, daikon fi son ƙasa da m ƙasa tare da matsakaici acidity. Kasar gona dole ne a za'ayi a cikin fall. Dole ne a haƙa ƙasa sosai a kuma haɗa ta. Tsarin takin gargajiya kamar ciyawar da aka lalata da kuma takin maganin da ya dace. Kyawawan magabata na daikon sune: beets, karas, dankali, cucumbers da tumatir. Amma akwai waɗanda bayan da bai kamata a dasa daikon ba: kabeji, radish, turnip da turnip.
Yayin dasawa, ya zama dole a lura da nisa tsakanin tsaran seedlings, nisan dake tsakaninsu ya zama akalla santimita talatin. Wajibi ne a dasa shukar daikon a cikin ƙasa mai cike da ruwa, bayan dasa, a hankali a haƙa shi, haɗa ƙasa da ciyawa daga sama tare da peat, sawdust, ciyawar bushe ko hay. Da farko, zaku iya rufe seedlings a hankali tare da rufe kayan don kada daskarewa da daddare.
Wasu lokuta ana dasa daikon a cikin hunturu. Ba za a iya kiran wannan lokacin kaka ba, saboda saukowa cikin Yuli-Agusta. Preparedasar da irin wannan saukowa an shirya su a cikin hanyar kamar bazara. Shuka tsaba fararen fararen fata na buƙatar piecesan guda. Wannan zai ba da damar nan gaba don zaɓar mafi ƙarfi daga cikinsu. Bayan dasa, wajibi ne don ciyawa ƙasa tare da peat.
Daikon Kulawa
Daikon baya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. Ya isa don gudanar da shayarwa a cikin yanayi mai dacewa, sassauta ƙasa, cire ciyayi da takin. Haka ma, wannan wajibi ne don spud Jafananci radish, kamar yadda tushen kayan lambu peep fitar da karfi daga ƙasa.
Watse
Watering yakamata ya zama na yau da kullun kuma yalwatacce. Sakamakon rashin danshi, tushen amfanin gona zai rasa dandano mai daɗi, ya zama mai daci da wahala, kuma rayuwar shiryayye za ta ragu sosai kuma ƙanshi mara dadi zai bayyana. Watering farin radish wajibi ne aƙalla 1 lokaci a cikin kwanaki 5. Bayan kowace ruwa, yana da matukar muhimmanci a sassauta ƙasa, amma a tsanake sosai domin kada a lalata amfanin gona. Yaren sako ya kamata a yi kamar yadda ake buƙata.
Da takin mai magani da takin zamani
Idan an dasa daikon a cikin ƙasa mai daus, wanda aka hadu kafin dasawa, to babu buƙatar ciyar da tsirar. Amma idan kasar ba ta da isasshen abinci mai gina jiki, ya zama dole a gabatar da daidaitattun hadaddun takaddun ma'adinai don amfanin gona na kayan lambu sau biyu a kakar da ta dace da rashi rashin ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki a cikin ƙasa.
Tsaftacewa da adanar daikon
Daikon, wanda aka dasa a cikin bazara, ana iya cire riga akan murɗa na biyu a wata na uku bayan an dasa, duk ya dogara da iri-iri. Amma daikon da aka dasa a cikin kaka dole ne a cire shi kafin ƙarshen Oktoba. Karka sake maimaita tushen amfanin gona a cikin ƙasa, saboda sun rasa ruwan ɗacinsu saboda wannan, ɗanɗano da ƙanshin suna zama da rauni sosai. Zai fi kyau tsaftace cikin yanayi mai kyau ba tare da ruwan sama ba. Zai fi kyau amfani da farar ƙasa don tono, wannan zai taimaka don rage yawan lalacewar albarkatun gona. 'Ya'yan itaciyar da aka haƙa dole ne a shimfiɗa su a gonar, cire ƙasa mai yawa daga gare su kuma ba da damar bushe. Bayan haka, kuna buƙatar datsa fiɗa a hankali, sanya 'ya'yan itatuwa a cikin akwatunan kuma aika su da yashi don kada su taɓa juna. Idan duk waɗannan sharuɗɗa sun cika, daikon za a adana shi sama da watanni 3-4.
Cutar da kwari
Idan baku bi ka'idodin kulawa daikon ba, to yana iya yin rashin lafiya. A lokacin da waterlogging kasar gona, Jafananci radish iya samun mucosal bacteriosis. Hakanan, daikon na iya kamuwa da cututtukan kamar mosaic, ƙafa na baƙi, cutar ji, ƙwalƙwalwa da ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin bugun gini.
Domin farin radish ya girma da ƙarfi, lafiya kuma ba ya da cututtuka daban-daban, ya zama dole a bi ka'idodin shayarwa da kula da shuka, zaɓi ƙarin nau'in tsayayya, ciyawa cikin yanayi mai dacewa, da kuma cire sharan gonar daga gonar kuma lalata su. Idan har yanzu shuka ba ta da lafiya, to lallai ne ya kamata a fara maganin ta kai tsaye. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar kulawa daikon tare da maganin samfuran samfuran halitta na musamman waɗanda ke taimakawa yaƙi ɗaya ko wata cuta.
Karin kwari: gandun daji na kankara, rapeseed da kwari na kabeji, cassette fly, scoop, isasshen furanni, aphid aphid.
Ya kamata a yi amfani da kula da kwaro da zaran farkon alamun bayyanar su. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar daidaita shayarwa da fesa daikon tare da maganin kayan aikin musamman. Marigolds kuma yana taimakawa wajen magance kwari sosai. Wadannan furanni za'a iya dasa su a tsakanin layin daikon, irin wannan unguwa kawai zai amfana.
Iri iri na Daikon
Akwai su da yawa iri-iri na Jafananci radish, mafi shahara daga gare su za a bayyana a kasa.
Rukunin nau'ikan Nerime. Tushen amfanin gona na wannan iri-iri suna da tsayi kuma suna iya girma zuwa cm 70 a tsayi kuma har zuwa 10 cm a faɗi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu laushi ne, masu daɗi sosai.
Ofungiyar farkon cikakke iri na Sirogari. Tushen amfanin gona suna da tsari na fure. A tsayin daka, za su iya kai kimanin cm 30. Yawancin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan sun wuce kwanaki 50.
Minovase iri-iri. Hanyar tushen amfanin gona yana da asali. Cylindrical a saman da kuma elongated ƙasa. A tsayin daka, za su iya girma har zuwa cm 50. Don dasa shuki da wannan nau'in yashi kawai ake buƙata.
Iri daban-daban na kungiyar Nineigo. Wadannan nau'ikan suna da tsayayya wa sanyi da kuma cakulan. Tushen amfanin gona suna da siffa mai kama daga sama da ƙasa mai kyau daga ƙasa. Tushen amfanin gona irin waɗannan nau'ikan suna girma zuwa kusan 60 cm a tsawon kuma 5 cm faɗi.
Kameida. Tushen amfanin gona na waɗannan nau'ikan suna da launi mara kyau kuma suna girma a cikin tsayi ba fi 15 cm ba. Theyan itacen suna tsibiran tsibiri ne a titin. Wadannan nau'ikan suna da fasali ɗaya, suna cin abinci ba kawai tushe ba, har ma ganye.
Daikon Sasha. Wannan iri-iri yana da tsinkaye. Tushen amfanin gona ya girma zuwa 60 cm a tsayi, yana da launin fari-dusar ƙanƙara. Very crispy, dadi da kuma m. Tana da ɗanɗano ɗan tsibiri. Iyakar abin da wannan ja da baya shine cewa 'ya'yan itaciyar wannan daikon suna da girma dabam.
Daikon Dubinushka. Bambanci Dubinushka an dauke shi ne a tsakiyar-kakar. Babbar ƙari ita ce, tana da tsayayya da wata cuta kamar ƙwayar cuta. Tushen Tushen suna da girma sosai kuma suna iya girma zuwa 60 cm, kuma nauyinsu zai iya kaiwa kilo huɗu. Tushen kayan lambu na fararen launi tare da daskararre da m ɓangaren litattafan almara wanda ke da dandano mai daɗi.
Daikon Flamingo. Wannan iri-iri shine tsakiyar lokaci. Tushen amfanin gona ya kasance babba kuma yana da launuka masu ban sha'awa-kore-fari mai launi, wanda ke ba daikon m. Jikin 'ya'yan itacen yana da ruwan hoda mai laushi kuma yana da dandano mai haske mai haske.
Idan ka bi ka'idodin fasahar fasahar noma, zaka iya shuka shuka mai ƙarfi da lafiya tare da isasshen babba, mai daɗin ji daɗin albarkatu. Wanne zai zama lafiya kuma an adana shi tsawon lokaci.
