A yau, ba duk sararin ɗakin rani yake mamaye kayan lambu da amfanin gona da ciyawar bishiyoyi da yayan itace ba. Duk manyan wuraren an keɓe su don al'adun gargajiya, gadaje na fure, filayen wasa, wuraren nishaɗi. A karshen sukan shirya a cikin nau'i na kore Lawn mows ko Moorish lawns blooming daga bazara zuwa kaka. Daga cikin furannin furanni masu kyawawan lawns, furanni shuɗi mai laushi na chicory talakawa, ko launi na Tatar da aka sani a Rasha, haushi, scherbach, ciyawa a gefen titi, da kuma tushen sarki kullun kayan ado ne. A kudu na Rasha da CIS, an fi sanannun chicory a matsayin Petrov Batog - ciyawa, mai tushe wanda manzo Bitrus ya kora tumakin cikin garken. An yi imani da cewa ya jefa amfani da Chicory stalks tare da hanyoyin tumaki, inda suka girma tare da sabon abu stalk da furanni peculiar a ƙarshen danda mai tushe.
Kayan gidan chicory (Cichorium intybus)Asalin da yankin rarraba chicory
Wurin asalin chicory ana daukarsa Rum. A cikin tsarin shuka Cincin (Cichorium) yana cikin dangin asters ko asteraceae. An dauki matsayin tsirrai mai tsauri da yanayin zafi. A halin yanzu, ana rarraba shi ko'ina cikin Federationungiyar Rasha tun daga ƙarshen kudu, Caucasus zuwa Yammacin Siberia da Altai. Placesa'idodin wuraren haɓaka a cikin yanayin halitta - gefunan daji, gefen titi, ƙasar da aka watsar da sauran wurare tare da ciyawar ciyawa.
Me yasa ake girma chicory a cikin kasar?
A cikin Rasha, chicory ya yi girma fiye da shekaru 150. A halin yanzu, nau'ikan chicory 2 suna girma a cikin adadin masana'antu - letas (M) da na yau da kullun - don amfani da al'adun kayan lambu da tattara kayan albarkatun ƙasa.
Ga masu son kayan lambu na kayan lambu na al'ada (da kuma jita-jita daga gare su), ana iya bada shawarar wannan kayan lambu don namo. Daga ganyayyaki salatin chicory (kayan lambu) shirya salads na bitamin mai daɗin ci, musamman mai mahimmanci ga masu ciwon sukari. Matasa harbe suna gasa a kullu, amfani da su shirya appetizers, gefen jita-jita don stews, stewed, soyayyen.
Tushen na kowa chicory wanda aka yi amfani da shi wajen shan kofi, yawanci yafi dadi da sauran nau'in kofi. Kofi cyclic baya dauke da maganin kafeyin kuma iyaye mata da yara masu tsammani za su iya cinye shi daga shekaru 5.
Salatin mai ɗorewa, ko salatin Cilin (Cichorium endivia). © JamainNa gina jiki na chicory
Tushen chicory na yau da kullun ya ƙunshi bitamin na rukunin B da C, resins na halitta, tannins, microelements da sauran mahadi masu amfani. Amma babban arzikinta shine inulin, abun da ke ciki wanda a cikin tushen chicory ya wuce 60, kuma a bushe - 70%. Yana da ƙwayoyin cuta masu amfani na hanji (bifidumbacteria) waɗanda ake amfani da su don ciyar da inulin, wanda ke taimakawa wajen daidaita tsarin narkewa da narkewar abinci gabaɗaya. Shirye-shiryen Chinal suna inganta abun da ke cikin jini, cire gubobi da gubobi. An ba da shawarar chigory ga masu ciwon sukari, da kayan kwalliyarta daga ganyaye (maimakon shayi ko daga cakuda da shayi) cire ƙwannafi, rage gajiya, da haɓaka sautin (kamar kofi, amma ba su da maganin kafeyin, wanda ba shi da illa ga lafiya).
Arziki a cikin ma'adinan ma'adinai na chicory, mai mai mahimmanci, acid Organic. Tushen china ya ƙunshi har zuwa 10% na fructose, har zuwa 20% levulose, choline, mai mahimmanci, pentosans. Tsarin biomass din ya hada da lactacin, triterpenes, bitamin da sauran abubuwanda suke bukata ga jiki, kuma furanni suna dauke da coumarin glycoside chicorein da sauransu.
Sanannen chicory (Cichorium intybus).
Magani kaddarorin chicory
A cikin aikin hukuma da na jama'a, dukkanin sassan ruwan madara na gargajiya da madarar ruwa ana amfani dasu azaman kayan abinci masu magani.
A cikin mutane, kayan ado daga sassan m na chicory na daji suna bugu yayin tafiyar matakai na kumburi, kamar yadda maganin antimicrobials da astringents tare da zawo mai lalacewa, kayan kwalliyar inganta abinci. Abubuwan da aka lalata na tsaba na chicory sune magungunan antipyretic masu inganci, suna da maganadisun maganganu da maganganun analgesic. Infusions na fure mai kyau yana tasiri tsarin tsakiya na juyayi da aikin zuciya.
A cikin magani na hukuma, chicory shine babban ɓangaren magunguna da yawa. Ana amfani dasu don cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da aikin ƙwayar cuta, ƙwayar jijiyoyi, raunuka na hancin mucous na bakin, conjunctivitis, zafi da kumburi da gidajen abinci, cizon kwari mai guba. A wasu cututtuka, an ba da maganin chicory. Kafin amfani dashi, yakamata ka nemi likitanka.
Takaitaccen bayanin Botanical chicory
Chicory na yau da kullun shine ƙwayar herbaceous. A al’adance, shekara biyu kenan; a cikin daji, ya yankasance ne. Tushen shine sanda, fusiform, har zuwa 1.5 m tsawo, da dama-da kai. Tushen tushe yana da kauri.
Wani ɓangaren sashi na chicory yana da launin toka-shuɗi, ya ƙunshi 2 madaidaiciya ribbed mai tushe har zuwa 50-70 cm tsayi. The mai tushe ne kusan danda. Ana tattara ganyen Oblong a cikin kayan cikin muhimmi. Kasa mai gashi. Kara tushe na nau'ikan 2. A kan kararrafan kuma akwai kaifi mai kaifi a cikin gefen, kuma babba suna lanceolate, duka a gefen.
Salatin mai ɗorewa, ko salatin Cilin (Cichorium endivia). Kurmi & Kim StarrAn tattara furannin Reed cikin kwandunan kwance, masu haske ko shuɗi mai haske, da wuya ruwan hoda, fari. Blooms blooms a watan Yuli da fure har zuwa ƙarshen kaka, musamman ma a kudanci.
Ana kafa tsaba a shekara ta biyu. Chicory yana da yawan tsaba. Plantaya daga cikin shuka yana samar da su daga 3 zuwa 20 dubu. Girbi dabam da na sama da na fleshy tushe.
Yadda ake shuka chicory a cikin ƙasar
Don yin ado da lawns Moorish, sau da yawa suna sayan cakuda tsaba, inda aka nuna chicory a cikin abun da ke ciki. A cikin daji, jinsuna 4 sun girma a Rasha. Yawancin lokaci ɓangare ne na zuriyar.
Don noman rani, ana amfani da kayan lambu na chicory (salatin) da talakawa na chicory. Na biyu mafi yawa ana girma a matsayin magani albarkatun ƙasa.
Chicory na yau da kullun ba shi da ma'anar yanayin ƙasa (ya girma akan kowane ƙasa, kamar yawancin ciyayi), amma yana neman haske. Bugu da kari, salatin chicory yana mayar da martani ga danshi na kasa kuma, idan har ruwa bai wadatar ba, maiyuwa baza su samar da amfanin gona ba.
Dasa shuka seedlings na chicory. © RasbakA cikin kaka ko bazara, an haƙa ƙasa mara nauyi (10-15 cm). Nitrofoska, Kemir ko wasu takaddun hadaddun, 40-50 g / sq. m A ƙarƙashin chicory, an yanke ƙasa, a yanka ta 10-15 cm 3 cm na tsagi. Shuka tsaba ne da za'ayi a cikin m ƙasa. Tare da m shuka seedlings na bakin ciki fita zuwa 5 cm.
A tsire-tsire masu fari ne mai haƙuri. Ana shayar da chicory na yau da kullun ta bushe bushe na sama a kan kashi biyu na yatsunsu. A ƙarƙashin salatin chicory, ƙasa tana daɗaɗa rai. Ba a bukatar miya babba
Tsaftacewa da adana chicory
Ana girbe tsaba a ƙarshen Satumba - farkon Oktoba. An bushe a cikin ɗakin dumi. A hankali cire tushen kayan lambu daga ƙasa, girgiza su daga ƙasa, wanke su ƙarƙashin ruwa mai gudana, yanke cikin kananan 1-2 cm yanka kuma shimfiɗa su don bushe a cikin kowane bushewa bushewa ba fiye da + 50ºС. An adana kayan albarkatun ƙasa a cikin kwantena na lilin a cikin bushe, ɗakin da ke motsa jiki a cikin nau'i na 1-2 cm ko kuma nan da nan aka niƙa a cikin niƙa kofi. An adana chicory a cikin gilashin hermetically hatimi ko kuma yumbu. Rayuwar shelf - har zuwa shekaru 3.
A lokacin furanni na chicory, an shirya taro mai iska don shirye-shiryen kayan ado da infusions. Yanke saman 25-30 cm (ganye, mai tushe, inflorescences). An shimfiɗa su a cikin inuwa a cikin bakin ciki da bushe a cikin daftarin. A lokacin bushewa, taro yana zama mai ɗaci koyaushe.
Tushen chiginalYadda ake yin kofi na chicory
Tushen sabo ko busasshen chicory ana soyayyen a cikin tanda a + 180 ° C har sai launin ruwan kasa mai haske. Ba kwa buƙatar yin overcook. Daga wannan, abin sha kawai ya ɓace. Asanyan itace da aka gasa sun bushe da haushi kuma sun sami ƙanshi mai daɗin ɗigon wake da kuma launin ruwan kasa mai duhu.
Don shirya kofi guda (200-250 g) na abin shan kofi, kuna buƙatar zuba cokali 2 na ƙasa chicory cikin ruwan zafi, kawo ku tafasa kuma kuyi minti na 3-5 akan zafi kadan. Zuba cikin kofin ta hanyar daɗaɗaɗa mai kyau. Kuna iya ƙara madara, sukari, zuma ga abin sha.
Wasu masu son kofi na cyclic kawai suna zuba tafasasshen ruwa a wani yanki na tushen ƙasa, nace minti 3-5. Yawan dandano na shan kofi bai bambanta da na halitta ba, amma yafi amfani, tunda ba ya dauke da maganin kafeyin.
Dried da yankakken chicory asalinsuDon haɓaka tsarin launi na kofi na halitta zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, kusan launin baki, zaku iya ƙara 1-2 na chicory a ciki. Haka kuma, adadin kofi na asali an rage shi da rabi. Idan haushi yaci gaba, to yana da amfani.
Milkara madara ga abin hawan cyclic yana inganta ƙwayoyin madara sau 4. Kuna iya yin shan iska ta amfani da madara maimakon ruwa. A cikin hidimar madara mai zafi (200-250 g) saka cokali 2 na yankakken chicory kuma dafa kan ƙarancin zafi na minti 2-3. Abincin ya sami ainihin dandano mai ƙoshin abinci.
