Yucca (sunan ba daidai ba - Yucca) itace itaciya ce ta gidan Agave. A yanayi, akwai kusan nau'ikan 20. An samo su a Mexico da Amurka, daga inda aka kawo yucca zuwa Turai. Fiye da shekaru 100, an girma kamar shuka ko kayan lambu a Rasha, kuma wasu nau'in halitta a hankali hunturu a buɗe ƙasa. Wurin haifuwar furen shine Amurka ta Tsakiya.
Yankin gida da kuma rarraba furanni
Godiya ga kyakkyawan yanayin hunturu, al'adun sun bazu kawai a cikin yankuna na kudanci, har ma a cikin yankuna na tsakiya. Wadanda suke da goguwa da haɓaka yuccas za su tabbatar da cewa shuka tana da sauƙi don kulawa, har ma da wani mai kula da lambun novice zai iya jimre da shi.
Don taƙaita asalin itacen: yucca asalinsu daga Tsakiyar Amurka. Koyaya, an yi girma a cikin Turai fiye da karni ɗaya.
Bayanin itacen dabino bayanin kwatanci
Ganyen itace ne, kamar itace, wasu lokuta kuma ana jaka su, ana tattara layin layin layi a layin fure a karshen rassan ko mai tushe. Tsawon farantin takardar zai iya zama 50-70 cm, kuma faɗin ya bambanta daga 3 zuwa 8 cm.
Kallon fure, yana da sauki mutum yayi tunanin me yasa mutane da yawa suka rikitar da shi da dabinoA kan aiwatar da girma da samuwar sababbin ganye, ƙananan ƙwayar ganye ta ragu, ta bushe kuma ta faɗi. Sakamakon wannan, an kafa tushe mai kama da dabino na dabino, saboda haka an yi kuskuren kiran shuka cikin dabino.
Ba wai kawai bayyanar janar ba kawai, kama da itacen dabino na ƙasan ruwa, yana da tasirin ado. .Ari duba m firgita peduncles fure a kan shirye-shiryen sirri da suka kunshi 80-150 furanni-kararrawa masu launin fari, launin shuɗi ko ruwan hoda.
Tsawon farfajiyar shine 0.5-2.0 m, ya danganta da iri da shekarun tsirrai, don haka irin wannan kyawun yanayin ba za'a iya watsi dashi ba.
A gida, tsintsiyar tayi fure sosai cikin samartaka kuma kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin abun cikin hunturu ne a daki mai yawan zafin jiki na + 8 + 10 ° C.
Yawan tsirrai iri
Daga cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu, mafi mashahuri sun zama kaxan na:
Elephant - Yucca Elephantipes
Tana tabbatar da sunanta a lokacin da ya manyanta, lokacin da aka yi kauri mai kauri irin ta hauren giwa. Yana girma a hankali a hankali har ya kai tsayi 1.5 m. Haske mai haske mai haske mai haske kore tattara a cikin m bunches a saman tushe, kuma bayan fure da gangar jikin fara reshe kuma yana ɗaukar kamannin dabino na ƙarya.
Idan aka kalli nau'in Elephant yana da wahala mutum zai iya tunanin irin shuka irin wannan gidan akan windowsill ɗinkuYucca Elephantipes na tsiro, har da gangar jikin yana rufe da filayen ganye tsawon lokaci. Girma a cikin dakin daki da kuma greenhouses.
Sizaya
Itatuwan Hardy har zuwa m 2. Matsakafin leaf an rufe shi da launin shuɗi, suna da haƙoran haƙora a gefuna da bakin “zaren” dake rataye ƙasa. Blossoms a whitish-kore ko rawaya karrarawa a kan wani ƙarfi peduncle.
Filamentous
Wannan iri-iri yana girma ba kawai a matsayin shuka na gida ba. A cikin yankuna na kudanci da kuma yankuna na tsakiyar tsiri, filamentous ya daidaita kansa sosai azaman al'adun lambu. Haka kuma, mazaunan kudanci ba sa bukatar tsari da tsirrai don hunturu - yana jure dusar -20 ° C kuma shine mafi tsananin sanyi ga dukkan nau'ikan yucca.
A cikin yankin tsakiyar, al'adun suna ɓarkewar buɗe ƙasa, idan har tana da matsakaicin tsari. Sunan "filamentous" yana barata ta tsarin ganyayyaki, gefuna wanda ya kasu kashi biyu na bakin ciki kuma yayi kama da zaren rataye.
Tare da ingantacciyar kulawa, farawa daga shekaru 2-3 na rayuwa, da shuka fure tare da furanni-farin m furanni tattara a cikin wani paniculate peduncle har zuwa 1.0-1.5 m high.
Aloe
Matsakaicin tsayin mutum na balagaggen mutum shine 1.5 m. Ganyen ganye mai haske mai launin shuɗi tare da gefuna da aka ɗora a cikin kwandunan chic. Yawancin nau'ikan launuka masu launuka iri dabam ana birgima.
A cikin yankinmu, an girma shi azaman al'adun gargaɗi, amma a cikin gida gida na shuka sune albarkatun ƙasa don samar da takarda, igiyoyi, igiya, da yadudduka.
Misalin jeans na farko Ba a sanya su da zaren auduga ba, kamar yadda suke a yau, amma da wahalolin yucca. Kayan fasahar jeans na zamani suna ba da izinin haɗawar fiber 5% a cikin masana'anta don ƙara ƙarfi da suturar samfura. Gaskiya ne, wannan ya shafi samarwa kawai a cikin Amurka.
Yucca a cikin dakin
Sakamakon rashin daidaituwarsa da tsabtataccen kayan ado, Yucca ya ƙaunace da lambun cikin gida. Kafin yanke shawara don sayi shuka, yana da daraja a ƙayyade ko akwai wani wuri da ya dace a cikin gidan da zai gamsar da buƙatun asali:
- A gida, al'adar na iya girma zuwa 1.5-2.0 m, kuma an ba da tsawon ban sha'awa na ganye, a cikin tsufa zai buƙaci sarari da yawa.
- Idan har yanzu ana iya sanya matashin shuka akan windowsill mai fadi, a ƙarshe za a sake shirya shi a ƙasa, in ba haka ba ganyayyakin da aka haɗu zasu taɓa fasalin taga kuma yana iya ƙonewa.
- Zai ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo hasken rana, wanda yake gaskiya ne a cikin hunturu. Itace zai ji mummunan rauni a cikin inuwa, a kusurwa ko kusa da taga ta arewa, tare da lokaci zai rasa tasirin ado kuma yana iya mutuwa.
Inuwa yana da matukar ƙarfi ga dabino, tunda shuka ce mai ƙaunar rana- A lokacin bazara, ana bada shawara don shirya "gidan wanka" don shuka, wanda ya zama dole don fitar dashi cikin sabon iska - baranda ko veranda - gujewa daftarin da ke da illa ga yucca.
- Tsarin yanayin zafi mafi kyau a cikin ɗakunanmu ba shi da wahala a tabbatar - a lokacin rani, zazzabi ɗakin ya dace, a cikin hunturu, yawan zafin jiki na iska ya kamata ya kasance cikin kewayon + 16 + 18 ° С.
- Perarancin zafin jiki mai izini a lokacin sanyi shine + 8 + 10 ° C, wanda yake mahimmanci musamman ga ɗakuna ba tare da dumama ba.
Karkashin dukkan waɗannan yanayin da kulawa da kyau zai yi kyau a gida.
Canji da nutsuwa
Samari matasa dasawa a kowace shekara biyu A cikin wata tukunyar, cm cm 3-4 girma fiye da wanda ya gabata a diamita Don ci gaban nasara, ya zama dole a kiyaye ka'idodin shuka da dasa yucca:
- Yawan tukunya yakamata ya zama daidai da saman yucca. An zaɓi zurfin tukunya don ya zama kusan sau biyu ya fi girma diamita na ciki.
- Lokacin da shuka ya kai girman ban sha'awa, ba a dasa dabino ta mu'ujiza ba, amma ana maye gurbin dutsen a shekara a tukunyar.
- Al'adar ba ta karkata ga abin da ke cikin ƙasa ba ne, amma mafi kyawun abu shine ƙasa mai gina jiki, wanda zai sauƙaƙa samun iska da danshi zuwa tushen yucca.
Don dasawa, suna samun cakuda ƙasa da aka yi girki a cikin cibiyar lambun ko kantin furanni.
Idan ka yanke shawarar shirya ƙasa don dasawa da kanka, kar a manta da duba haɗarin abubuwan haɗin- Maimakon adana ƙasa yi amfani da cakuda da aka yi da garin turf, tukunyar ƙasa, yashi mai kauri, humus a cikin rabo na 2: 2: 2: 1.
Shirye-shiryen kai na ƙasa ba sabon abu bane. Babban abu shine sanin yawan adadin abubuwan haɗin. Misali, kalli yadda ake yin kasa domin warin wutsiyar fure.
- Vermiculite, perlite ko ƙwararrun yumɓu masu yumɓu an haɗa su a cikin kowane cakuda ƙasa (kantin sayar da-saitin ko shirya akan shi), wanda zai yi aiki a matsayin yin burodi.
- Lokacin dasawa da dasawa, za a shimfiɗa daskararren yumbu da yumɓu ko tsakuwar kogin a kan tukunyar tukunyar.
- Duk wani jan hankali tare da tushen tsarin ana aiwatar da shi a hankali, ƙoƙarin kada ya lalata ƙwallon ƙasa kuma baya fallasa asalin tushen. Sabili da haka, dasawa shine mafi daidai da ake kira jigilar shaƙatawa.
Wasu lokuta masu mallakar tsirrai suna watsa su cikin manyan tukwane don bayar da kwanciyar hankali ga "dabino". Yi daban-daban bain ba haka ba, ƙasa a cikin tukunyar za ta fara ɗora, wanda zai haifar da jujjuyawar tushen da mutuwar yucca. Don kwanciyar hankali, yana da kyau zaɓi tukunya da ƙasa mai faɗi.
Kulawar Gida
Kula yucca a gida abu ne mai sauki kuma ya gangaro da hanyoyin gargajiya:
Watse
Watering ya kamata yalwatacce, amma a ƙarƙashin yanayi masu zuwa:
Dokokin Watering | |
| Yaushe don ruwa | lokacin da daskararre a cikin tukunya ta bushe (5-7 cm) |
| Abin da za ruwa | Yi amfani da ruwa da tsaftataccen ruwa a zazzabi a ƙalla aƙalla 24 hours |
| Me zai yi bayan shayarwa | ruwa drained a cikin kwanon rufi awa daya bayan ban ruwa dole ne a drained |
A cikin Kulawar Yucca mafi kyau ga cikawa fiye da cikawain ba haka ba, wuce haddi ko tururuwar danshi zai tsokane tushen tsarin.
A cikin hunturu, yana da hutawa, saboda haka an iyakance ruwa - ƙasar ta bushe rabin tukunyar tukunya.
Jin zafi
Yucca ta yi fice a cikin wannan yanayin yanayin da ke kusa da iska ba shi da mahimmanci a gare ta. Ba kamar yawancin tsire-tsire masu zafi ba, ba ya buƙatar fesawa - ya isa ya goge lokaci-lokaci ko goge ganyen xiphoid daga ƙura.
Amma idan a cikin hunturu yana tsaye kusa da masu aiki ko radiators, ana ba da shawarar fesa kullun.
Manyan miya
A lokacin girma girma daga Afrilu zuwa Satumba, matasa shuke-shuke da bukatar saman miya tare da ma'adinai ma'adinai. Zaɓin takin mai magani a cikin shaguna yana da girma, amma ya fi dacewa a sayi takin mai magani a cikin nau'in ruwa, waɗanda suke da sauƙin miƙe bisa ga umarnin kuma kar su wuce sashi.
Akwai manyan riguna na yucca, babban abin shine kauracewar yawan shan ruwaTakin mai dacewa ya dace da yucca, dabino, dabaru ko na duniya don tsire-tsire masu ƙyalƙyali. Ana amfani da takin mai magani kowane mako 2-3, dole bayan shayarwa ta gaba - ba shi yiwuwa a zuba takin cikin ƙasa bushe.
Tun ƙarshen Satumba, Yucca dakatar da ciyarwa da kuma ci gaba da hadar da damuna a lokacin bazara.
Cutar
Tare da kulawa mara kyau da yawan wuce gona da iri, haɓakar cututtukan fungal waɗanda ke haifar da asarar adorativeness ko lalata. Idan aibobi launin ruwan kasa sun bayyana akan ruwan ganye, cire ganyen da ke da cuta, rage ruwa, kuma a daina feshin yucca.
Idan gangar jikin ta fara jujjuyawa, kuna buƙatar yanke saman lafiyayyen kuma kuyi kokarin jujjuya shi, ƙananan ƙananan marasa lafiya za a jefa su tare da ƙasa.
Karin kwari
A cikin gidaje tare da iska mai bushe, yucca na iya bugawa gizo-gizo gizo da m garkuwa. Lokacin da aka gano kwari, spraying-sau 2-3 ko shafa ganyayyaki tare da shirye-shiryen kashe kwari suna gudana ne tazara ta yau da kullun.
Saukin kulawa da yucca ba zai dauki lokaci mai yawa ba kuma zai ba ku damar shuka dabino na ban mamaki a cikin gidan.
Kiwo
Yankin yucca cikin gida ana yada shi ta hanyoyi daban-daban:
- guda daga cikin akwati tare da kodan barci;
- apical cuttings;
- zuriya;
- tsaba.
Dukkan sassan tsiro suna kafe cikin ruwa ko rigar yashi. The fi da sassan gangar jikin an bushe-bushe a cikin iska don sa'o'i 2-4, ana binne zuriyar a cikin yashi nan da nan bayan rabuwa da shuka daga uwar. Ana sanya allunan carbon da aka kunna cikin ruwa, wanda ba zai ba da damar kamuwa da cuta su lalata ƙwayayen ba.
Ana shuka tsaba a cikin cakuda ƙasa mai sauƙi kuma jira seedlings ta ajiye akwatin da aka rufe gilashi a cikin wurin mai dumi mai haske. Idan an yi nasara, tsaba suna girma bayan watanni 1-1.5. Bayan kusan lokaci guda, sai aka yanke tushen zuriya da zuriya.
Yada al'ada a bazara da lokacin rani, kuna zaɓar lokacin farin wata.
Lokacin da girma a cikin kasashen Turai Yucca baya bada tsaba. Kayan fure-fure na buƙatar wani nau'in kwari, wanda a cikin daji ke zaune kawai a yankin na Amurka.
Yucca wata itaciya ce mara misalai, ba ta buƙatar kulawa mai rikitarwa kuma ya dace wa masoya masu son ciyawar cikin gida.
Koyaya, don dabino na mu'ujiza na ɗan adam, zai zama dole don rarraba sarari mai yawa a ɓangaren ɗakin da haske yana haskakawa ta hasken rana, saboda kyakkyawa mai tsayi kawai ba ta dacewa da windowsill.
Saboda girman Yucca, ana buƙatar sarari mai yawa - kar a manta da wannan lokacin zabar gidan shukaTare da kulawa da ta dace, tsire-tsire zai yi farin ciki tare da bishiron fure na ganye tare da yin ado ciki don shekaru 15-20. Amma m fure a gida wahalar samu - Wannan yana buƙatar wasu yanayin zazzabi a cikin hunturu.
