Alissum

Alyssum (Alyssum), wanda kuma ake kira marine lobularia, ko alisinum, dabi'a ce wacce ta kasance wani ɓangare na dangin Kabeji (wanda ke da Cruciferous). Wannan halittar ta hada kusan nau'ikan nau'ikan 100. A dabi'a, ana iya samun irin wannan tsire-tsire a Asiya, Afirka ta Arewa da Turai. Kalmar "alissum" kanta ita ce Latinization na kalmar Girkanci "alisson", inda "a" aka fassara shi a matsayin "ba tare da" (sakaci ba), kuma "lyssa" na nufin "karnukan kare." Akwai wani zato cewa an yi amfani da wannan tsiro a zamanin da a cikin maganin rabies a cikin karnuka. 'Yan lambu sun fara noma alissum kamar kwanannan, amma yana samun karuwa sosai daga shekara zuwa shekara. Wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa furen yana da sauƙin kulawa, kuma yana da ƙanshin zuma mai ƙarfi sosai.

Siffofin Alissum

Tsarin murfin murfin ƙasa na alissum na iya bambanta daga 0.15 zuwa 0.4 m. Branaƙƙarfan itace mai laushi waɗanda aka ɗauka a tsakiya. Leafaramin faranti na filayen obovate ko sifar dumu-dumu a farfajiya suna da fitsari Infananan ƙananan tsaran tseren tsere sun ƙunshi ƙananan furanni waɗanda za'a iya fentin su a cikin rawaya, ruwan hoda, shunayya, fari, Lilac ko ja. Flow ya fara a watan Mayu kuma ya ƙare a ƙarshen kaka. 'Ya'yan itace katako ne, wanda akwai tsaba, suna iya kasancewa tsawon shekaru 3. Wannan tsire-tsire ne mai kyau na zuma, wanda ke da ƙanshin zuma mai ɗanshi wanda ke jan ƙudan zuma.

Ya kamata ku sani cewa alissum da marine lobularia tsire-tsire ne daban-daban, waɗanda sune mafi kusancin dangi. Koyaya, suna da kamannin juna ga yadda manomin lambu ke alakanta su da nau'in halitta ɗaya don sauƙi. Wadannan tsire-tsire sun bambanta da launi na furanni: a lobularia suna da lilac, fari ko ruwan hoda, kuma a cikin alissum suna rawaya ko maraƙi.

Florists noma alissum a matsayin perenni, kuma a matsayin shekara-shekara. An girma cikin furannin furanni, a gadajen furanni da kuma a gonakin furanni. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani dashi don cike wurare marasa amfani bayan fure na tsire-tsire bulbous spring.

Girma Alissum daga Tsaba

Shuka

Alissum za a iya girma daga tsaba a hanyar da ba ta nuna irin shuka ba. Idan seedlingless Hanyar namo da aka zaba, to shuka iri a cikin ƙasa bude ya kamata a yi a farkon zamanin Mayu. An binne su a cikin ƙasa by mm 15 kawai. Bayan shukar ta bayyana a matsayin kafet mai ƙarfi, zasu buƙaci a fitar da su waje. Idan an aiwatar da shuka a cikin bazara, to, fure zai yi latti. Za a iya yin shuka kafin lokacin hunturu, a cikin lokacin sanyi, tsaba za su iya ɗaukar yanayi na ƙa'idar halitta sannan kuma a lokacin bazara za su fara bayyana, yayin da sanatoci za su yi ƙarfi sosai kuma fure zai fara da kyau.

Kulawar seedling

Koyaya, yawancin lambu suna fifita shuka alissum ta hanyar seedlings, saboda an bambanta wannan hanyar ta amincinsa. Shuka tsaba don shuka yana gudana ne a cikin Maris ko Afrilu. Kwalaye ya kamata a cika da kayan abinci mai haske, wanda ya ƙunshi lemun tsami kaɗan (pH 5.5-6.2). Tsaba suna a ko'ina cikin shimfiɗa a kan substrate ba lokacin farin ciki ba sosai, sannan an guga su kadan a cikin farfajiya ko kuma yafa masa wani yanki na bakin ciki. Dole ne a sake shirya kwantena a wani wuri mai cike da hasken, bayan an rufe su da fim ko gilashi. Matsakaicin zafin jiki ya kamata ya zama daga digiri 10 zuwa 15. Ya kamata a girka amfanin gona sosai a hankali a kuma shayar da su a kai a kai. Idan an yi komai daidai, to, seedlings na farko zai bayyana bayan kwanaki 7 ko a baya.

Nan da nan bayan farantin ganye na farko na farko ya fara farawa a cikin seedlings, ya kamata a ciyar dasu tare da takin gargajiya. 'Ya'yan itacen ƙwaya cikin kofuna waɗanda mutum zai yiwu ne kawai bayan an kafa faranti 2 na ainihi akan tsire-tsire. Koyaya, idan tsiran suka girma da sauri, to ba sa bukatar a ɗanɗana lokacin da lokaci ya yi, ana dasa su nan da nan a cikin ƙasa bude.

Alissum dasa a bude ƙasa

Wani lokaci zuwa ƙasa

Kuna iya dasa alissum seedlings a cikin ƙasa buɗe a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Mayu ko kuma a farkon kwanakin Yuni, ya kamata a lura cewa dole ne a bar sanyi mai zuwa lokacin sanyi. Kamata ya yi shafin da kyau da kyau. Dry, ƙasa-da-drained, tsaka tsaki dauki ƙasa cikakken tare da humus da ya fi kyau don dasa. Dan kadan acidic ko kuma alkaline dan kadan shima ya dace da dasawa. Wannan tsiron yana girma sosai tsakanin duwatsu ko faranti wanda rana take mai zafi.

Siffofin ƙasa

Lokacin da ake shirin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe, ya kamata mutum yayi la’akari da gaskiyar cewa wannan shuka da sauri ya faɗaɗa cikin faɗin ƙasa. A wannan batun, lokacin dasa shuki tsakanin bushes, ya kamata a lura da nisan kusan 0.4 m Duk da cewa yakamata a kiyaye nisan dake tsakanin tsirrai, bayyanar su da nau'ikan su suna da tasiri. Girman farfajiyar fossa ya kamata ya zama cewa tushen ƙwayar shuka, ana ɗauka tare da yardar ƙuraje, ana sanya shi a ciki da yardar kaina. Kada ku dasa furannin da kuka shuka. Shukewar tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna buƙatar yawan shayarwa. Idan bushes su ne manya-manyan, to, a lokacin dasa a cikin bude ƙasa za a iya raba su, da kuma delenki dasa a matsayin mai zaman kanta shuke-shuke. Fitsari alissum yayi girma daga tsaba yana farawa 6-7 makonni bayan bayyanar seedlings.

Kulawar Alissum

Alyssum girma a cikin lambu yana da sauƙin kulawa. Irin wannan shuka ya kamata a shayar, sako, ciyar da shi, datsa shi a kan kari, kuma ya kamata a sasa ƙasa ƙasa a kai a kai. Wajibi ne a shayar da irin wannan fure ta hanyar tsari, yayin da ake fama da fari fari, yakamata a sami ruwa mai yawa. Ya kamata a tuna cewa idan shuka ba shi da isasshen danshi, to, zai iya rasa duka fure da buɗe furanni. Koyaya, yana yiwuwa a shayar da shuka mai yalwa kawai idan ƙasa ta ƙetare rijiyar. Idan aka lura da tururuwar ƙwayar ruwa a cikin ƙasa, to, bushes ɗin zai narke ya mutu. Don fahimtar ko Alissum yana buƙatar shayarwa, kuna buƙatar tono ƙasa tare da shebur zuwa zurfin 30-40 mm. Idan ƙasa ta bushe a wurin, wannan yana nuna cewa dole ne a shayar da furanni. Lokacin da aka gama shayarwa, ana bada shawara don cire duk ciyawa sako daga shafin, ka kuma kwance farfajiyar ta tsakanin bushes. Don rage yawan ciyawar da kuma ban ruwa, a cikin bazara bayan dasa, ya kamata a yayyafa saman shafin tare da ciyawa. Amma ya kamata a lura cewa koda da shafin an mulmula shi, amma har yanzu ana buƙatar kwance ƙasa, tunda wannan hanyar yana inganta iska da ruwa ta ƙasa, sabili da haka yana da matukar muhimmanci yayin girma wannan shukar fure.

Alyssum, wanda ke a perennial, dole ne a hadi da shi a lokacin girma na taro, saboda ana amfani da wannan takin mai ɗauke da nitrogen. Don shirya maganin gina jiki, ana ɗaukar babban cokali 1 na urea da Agricola-7 a guga na ruwa 1. Kafin fure ya fara, ana buƙatar ciyar da shuka tare da takaddun takin, wanda dole ne a yiwa ƙasa. Annuals suna buƙatar kayan miya saman kai tsaye, saboda haka ana ciyar da su sau 4 a cikin lokacin, kuma ana amfani da takin farko ba da daɗewa ba kafin alissum blooms. Idan kuna ciyar da shekara shekara daidai kuma a kan lokaci, to, zasu faranta wa mai lambu da ciyawar fure.

Alissum pruning

Domin alissum ya bunkasa daidai kuma ya haɓaka, dole ne a datsa cikin yanayi mai dacewa kuma daidai. A cikin bazara, perennials buƙatar buƙatar yanke duk ganye bushe, filayen da suka rage daga bara, da mai rauni da mai tushe mai rauni. Lokacin da lokacin bazara ya ƙare, ya zama dole don gudanar da maimaita hanyoyin, sannan kuma a rage duk mai tushe ta hanyar 50-80 mm, wannan zai tsokani maimaita fure. Bugu da kari, da bushes bayan pruning duba more m da kyau-groomed.

Cutar da kwari

Babban haɗari ga wannan al'ada shine ƙyamar gicciye, saboda yana da wuyar kawar da ita. Ya kamata a yafa bushes tare da bayani na mahimmancin vinegar (1 babban cokali na ruwa da guga 1 na ruwa), duk da haka, kawai manya, kyawawan samfurori masu ƙarfi zasu iya jure irin wannan magani.

Haka kuma mahaukata zasu iya cutar fure. Don kawar da su, alissums suna fesa tare da jiko na taba tare da sabulu ko chamomile. Lice da kabeji kabeji na iya cutar da shuka, domin kawar da su suna amfani da lepidocide ko entobacterin.

Idan kasar gona ta kasa isasshen ruwa, kamar yadda yakamata tare da kasancewa da tsauraran ruwa a cikin kasar, tsirran ya bunkasa fadowa (launin ruwan kasa), wanda ke shafar tushen tsarin da kuma tushen wuya na daji. An bada shawara don fesa shuka da aka shafa tare da chloroxide jan ƙarfe ko shirye-shiryen fungicidal (Thanos, Ordan ko Kuproksat).

Hakanan, inji zai iya yin rashin lafiya tare da ƙirar mildew ko ta gari, kazalika da mosaic hoto mai hoto. Don kawar da mildew powdery, an fesa daji tare da Topaz ko cakuda Bordeaux, kuma a cikin yaƙi da mildew lowy amfani da Ordan, Oksikhom ko Bordeaux. Yau da kwayar cutar hoto ta yau ba za a iya maganin ta ba.

Alyssum bayan fure

Tarin iri

Kuna buƙatar tattara tsaba a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Satumba ko na farko - a watan Oktoba. Zabi ranar bushewa ba tare da iska ba. Wajibi ne a yada masana'anta kai tsaye zuwa ƙasa, sannan kuma a ɗauki inflorescences a cikin hannu kuma a shafa a hankali. Lokacin da aka gama komai, cire duk manyan tarkace, ƙanana na iya raguwa. Don bushewa, ana sanya tsaba a cikin ɗakin bushe mai kyau tare da samun iska mai kyau, amma yakamata a sami tsayayyen abu. Ya kamata a zuba tsaba a cikin jakar zane kuma a ajiye don ajiya har sai lokacin bazara. Idan tsaba sun riga sun zubar da ƙasa, to, a wannan yanayin yana da Dole a hankali share su tare da tsintsiya daga ƙarƙashin bushes. Lokacin da aka cire datti, dole ne a adana tsaba don ajiya kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama.

Perennial wintering

Alyssum yana da matsakaicin matsakaicin hunturu, don haka idan yawan zafin jiki na ƙasa ya sauka a ƙasa ƙasa da digiri 15, inji zai mutu. Koyaya, a yankuna tare da masu ruwan sanyi masu saukin kai, wannan fure, tare da shiri mai kyau, na iya tsira watanni masu sanyi. A ƙarshen kaka, shafin ya kamata a rufe shi da ganye mai bushe. Bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta faɗi, yakamata a zubar da dusar kankara akan ganye. Idan kun rufe alissums ta wannan hanyar, zasu iya tsira daga hunturu, yayin da ciyawar ganye zata kasance akan daji. Kafin hunturu, ba a ba da shawarar dasa tsire ba, ana shirya aski a cikin bazara.

Iri da nau'ikan alissum tare da hotuna da sunaye

Alyssum dutse (Alyssum saxatile)

Wannan tsiron da aka yiwa alama mai zurfi na zamani zai iya kaiwa tsawon 0.3 m. Bushesaukan bushes ɗin na hemispherical ne a sifa, kuma ya haɗu da kusan 0.4 m. A gindin, ana dasa harbe mai laushi. Cketsasarin haske mai yawa suna kunshe da faranti na ganye mai zurfin ganye ko obovate na launin toka, a waje suna kama suna ji. Sun kasance a kan shuka har ma a lokacin hunturu. Short fluffy racemose inflorescences kunshi kananan furanni masu launin shuɗi waɗanda basu da furanni. Ana lura da yawo a cikin bazara, kuma yana ɗaukar kimanin makonni 5.5. A cikin 'yan makonnin bazara, maimaitawa mai yiwuwa ne. Iri:

1. Citrinum. A kan ƙaramin daji ne furanni masu launin shuɗi-lemo.
2. Karamin. Tsawon daji yana da kusan santimita 18, ƙananan furanni suna da kamshi sosai.
3. Zinare. Tsawon daji yakai kimanin 0.2 m. Wannan nau'in ya fara fure kawai yana da shekaru biyu. Furanni masu launin rawaya.
4. Plenum. Furen fure na launin zinare na fure a wani daji game da 0.3 m tsawo.

Alyssum maritime (Alyssum maritimum), ko kuma ruwan lobularia

A yankuna da yanayin dumin yanayi, ana shuka irin wannan tsiron a matsayin perenni. Tsawonta na iya bambanta daga 0.08 zuwa 0.4 m. Tana da adadin manyan rassan da ke jujjuya gefen farfajiyar, sakamakon abin da ya yi kazanta bushes. Fleshy kananan ganye faranti na m siffar da launi mai launi suna da karamin pubescence a farfajiya. Tushen inflorescences kunshi ƙananan furanni tare da warin zuma. A cikin daji, zaku iya haɗuwa da iri tare da fure mai fure da furanni. Koyaya, a cikin al'adu akwai ire-ire iri iri, furanni wanda za'a iya fentin su da shunayya, ruwan hoda ko ja. Wannan ra'ayi na fure daga bazara zuwa kaka. Iri:

1. Lokaci na lokaci. Wannan dwarf shuka ya kai tsayi 80 mm. Furen yana da girma, akwai fararen furanni da yawa sosai, saboda su bashi yiwuwa ma har ya fito da ko fure. Ana amfani dashi azaman murhun ƙasa.
2. Easter Bonnet Deep Rose. Furen fure ne mai girman gaske, launin furanni ruwan hoda mai zurfi.
3. Sarakuna a cikin sauki. Ana ba da shawarar wannan nau'in ampel a cikin furannin furanni ko a kan tukwane na fure. Yadu mai tushe zai iya kaiwa zuwa 0.35 a tsawon tsayi .. furannin furanni masu kyan gani suna da kamshi sosai.
4. Violet Konigin. Daƙƙarfan lafazin dajin da aka ɗauka mai ƙarfi ya kai tsayin 10 zuwa 15 santimita. Furanni masu launin shuɗi ne.

Alyssum gmelin, ko dutsen alissum (Alyssum gmelinii, ko Alyssum montanum)

Wannan tsiro na zamani yana da tsayayya ga sanyi. Tsawonta na iya bambanta daga 0.1 zuwa 0.2 m. Rassan suna juyawa suna hawa. A farfajiya na farantin ganye akwai faffadar mashaya wanda ya kunshi gashin gashi, saboda da alama gawar yana zana launin toka. Cystic inflorescences an hada da fure mai rawaya. Farkon fure yana faruwa ne a watan Afrilu ko Mayu.

Hakanan akwai nau'ikan alissums masu zuwa: Lensky, sinuous, Savranian, m, kofin, Pyrenean, creeping da azurfa.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, godiya ga masu shayarwa, an haifi yawancin nau'ikan alissum, mafi shahararrun su sune masu zuwa:

1. Palette. Tsawon tsire-tsire masu ƙanana ba ya wuce cm 10. Ana iya fentin furanni a launuka iri-iri: ruwan hoda, rasberi, launin ruwan kasa, fari, ja da Lilac. A cikin kantin furanni zaka iya siyan cakuda Paletta alissum tsaba, daga wanda ke girma bushes tare da furanni masu launuka daban-daban, saboda zaka iya ƙirƙirar magana mai launi a cikin lambu.
2. Babban jam. A cikin wannan babban nau'in fure-fure, furanni sun fi girma sau 1.5 idan aka kwatanta da nau'ikan al'ada. Zasu iya zama masu launuka masu launin shuɗi, kodadde lilac, lavender da fari. Tsawon bushes ɗin yakai kimanin 0.35. varietya iri iri ne sanyi da fari mai jurewa, yana blooms har ma a debe 3 digiri.
3. Filayen gwal. Daji yana da sifa mai siffar zobe. Rowuntataccen fararen ganye. Otsan buɗe ido suna kwance a ƙasa. Dan ƙaramar tsere tsere tsefe sun hada da furanni masu launin shuɗi. Ana bada shawarar wannan nau'in don namowa a kan tsaunukan dutse, da kuma don adon bango.
4. Fararren kafet. Fure mai tsayi da girma, furanni fari. Amfani da ruwan kasa.
5. Mai kauri pink. Tsawon katako mai dausayi yakai santimita 12. A farfajiya na ƙananan faranti na ganye akwai faransa. Wurare sun haɗa da ƙananan furanni na fure mai ɗumi-fure. Sau da yawa ana amfani da wannan nau'in azaman shuka na ampel don baranda, har ma da filayen fure da gadaje na fure.