Itace tsinke mai shukar Echinacea (Echinacea) wakilin iyali Asteraceae, ko Asters. Wannan Halittar ya haɗu da kusan nau'ikan 9. Wurin haifuwar irin wannan tsiron shine yankin gabashin Arewacin Amurka. Sunan "Echinacea" daga Girkanci fassara kamar "shingehog, ko farashi, kamar shinge." Mafi mashahuri nau'in sune Echinacea purpurea, ko Rudbeccia purpurea, irin wannan shuka ana amfani dashi sosai a madadin da magungunan hukuma, gami da aikin lambu. K. Linney a cikin 1753 ya fara bayyana irin wannan tsiro, yayin da ya danganta shi ga halittar Rudbeck. Koyaya, bayan shekaru arba'in, Echinacea ya ware a cikin wata ta asali daban, tunda an sami mahimman bambance-bambance tsakanin waɗannan tsirrai.
Siffofin Echinacea
Echinacea wata rigar ganye ce wacce ke da canzuwa. Tsawon faifan lamuran kafaffen fulawa yakai kusan 100-150 cm. Firam ɗin fararen ganye suna da fadi kuma yayi kyau a sifa, gefensu yana aiki, ana sanya su a kan dolo mai tsayi. Tushen ganye fararen faranti suna zama akai-akai, kusan sessile ko sessile, suna da sifar lanceolate. Abun da ya ƙunshi inflorescences ya haɗa da manyan kwanduna, wanda ya ƙunshi furanni na tubular na tsakiya, wanda aka fentin launin duhu ko launin ruwan hoda-ja, da kuma furanni masu launi na farin, ja ko ruwan hoda. Thean itacen mai rauni ne na rashin lafiya.
Itatuwan Echinacea Itace
Wani lokaci don shuka
Echinacea za a iya dasa a cikin ƙasa buɗe a cikin kaka ko kuma bazara. Mafi yawanci ana yin wannan ne bayan rarrabe daji Echinacea. Wannan fure za'a iya girma daga zuriya, duk da haka, ta wannan hanyar, ana yin yaduwar jinsunan Echinacea; ana amfani da hanyoyin ciyayi wajen yadu iri iri.
Wurin da ya dace don dasa yakamata ya zama rana yana da abinci mai gina jiki, sarrafa abubuwa, alkaline ɗan ƙasa ko tsaka tsaki. Sandasa mai yashi mai laushi ko ƙasa mai laushi ba ta dace da dasa irin shukar fure ba. Idan ƙasa ta acidic ce, to, zaku iya gyara wannan ta ƙara lemun tsami a ciki.
Siffar Saukowa
Lokacin dasa shuki seedlings, zurfin ramuka yakai mm 50, yayin da nisan da ke tsakanin su ya zama kusan santimita 30. Lokacin dasa delenok, girman rami ya kamata ya zama ɗan ƙaramin girma fiye da tushen tsarin shuka mai shuka. Sa'an nan kuma a kasan kana buƙatar sa ƙananan takin, bayan da aka dasa Echinacea. Shukewar tsire-tsire masu buƙatar ruwa. Idan seedlings suka yi girma a cikin kwantena, to, kuna buƙatar rami mafi girma, kimanin 0.4 m. Wannan ramin ya kamata ya zama 1/3 cike da cakuda ƙasa wanda ya ƙunshi takin, yashi da ƙasa (1: 1: 1). Bayan wannan, an dasa shuka a cikin rami, kuma an ɗauke shi tare da dunƙule na ƙasa. Dole ne a dasa seedling ɗin don daidai zurfin a wanda ya girma a cikin akwati.
Kula da Echinacea a cikin Lambun
Girma echinacea a cikin lambu ba shi da wahala, amma ya kamata ku san wasu .an dokoki. Da farko, ya kamata a biya kulawa ta musamman don shayarwa, ya kamata ya zama yalwatacce kuma akai-akai, yayin da aka bada shawarar shayar da furanni da yamma. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci cewa shafin yana tsabtace koyaushe, don haka ya kamata a cire ciyawar kai tsaye bayan ya bayyana.
Farawa daga shekara ta biyu ta girma, ya kamata a ciyar da irin wannan fure tare da tokar itace tare da takin da aka juya, wannan yana da tasiri mai kyau akan fure, wanda yake ƙara samun yalwatacce. Echinacea yana buƙatar ciyar da shi sau 2 yayin kakar: a bazara, da kuma lokacin da ya faɗi. Idan kuna son tattara tsaba, to, ku yanke inflorescences da suka bushe, ya wajaba tare da wani ɓangaren harbi zuwa farantin ganye na farko.
Yaduwa da Echinacea
Lambu sun gwammace su yadu echinacea vegetatively ta rarraba bushes. Ana iya yin wannan hanyar a cikin bazara a cikin watan Afrilu, da kuma a cikin makonnin kaka a lokacin lokacin faɗuwar ganye. Kashi na farko na daji ana yin shi ne kawai bayan ya kai shekaru 4 ko 5. A hankali cire shi daga ƙasa, da hankali kada ku cutar da rhizome. Sannan an raba daji zuwa sassa da yawa, kowannensu yakamata ya sami 3 ko 4 na sabuntawa. Delenki ana shuka su a cikin hanya kamar yadda shuka a lokacin dasa farko.
An riga an faɗi a sama cewa 'yan lambu sun fi son yaɗa nau'in echinacea ta zuriya. Tsaba su ne manyan. An shuka su a cikin bazara kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa buɗe, tunda ana ɗaukar digiri 13 mafi kyawun zafin jiki na iska don bayyanar seedlings. Abubuwan da aka shuka ba su binne ba, amma sun yayyafa saman tare da ƙasa mai bakin ciki. Koyaya, kwararrun 'yan lambu sun bada shawarar girma irin wannan furanni a cikin seedlings, gaskiyar ita ce cewa seedlings da suka bayyana suna da matukar taushi kuma suna iya mutuwa saboda yanayin rashin kwanciyar hankali wanda ke faruwa a bazara. Don amfanin gona yi amfani da kwantena ko masu zanen ruwa. Tsaba ya kamata a binne shi a cikin substrate by 5 mm kawai, kuma a saman ya kamata a yayyafa shi da ƙasa mai bakin ciki. Sannan ana shayar da amfanin gona daga bindiga mai feshin ruwa. Bayyanan seedlings zasu jira tsawon lokaci, wani lokacin sukanyi girma ne sati 6 kacal bayan shuka. Girma da kuma karfafa seedlings dole ne a dasa a gonar mãkirci. Sannan ana shayar dasu a wani yanayi mai kyau, an cire ciyayi akai-akai daga shafin kuma ana kwance farfajiyar ƙasa. Echinacea girma daga tsaba sau da yawa a cikin shekara ta biyu na rayuwa, kuma a farkon shekarar da suka girma ne kawai wani ganye rosette, wanda zai iya kai tsawo 15 zuwa 20 santimita.
Cutar da kwari
Echinacea yana da tsayayya da cuta. Mafi sau da yawa, inji yana rashin lafiya saboda gaskiyar cewa an kula dashi da kyau. Idan a lokacin bazara ne mai zafi da laima, kuma zazzabi zazzabi shima za'a lura dashi, to furanni na iya kamuwa da mildew powdery. Haka kuma, wadancan tsirrai da ke cike da nitrogen suna iya kamuwa da wannan cutar. A cikin samfurann da abin ya shafa, siffofin rufi na farin zuriya a farfajiya na harbe, fure da fure. Dole ne a yayyafa shuka mai ƙira tare da cakuda Bordeaux ko sulfur colloidal.
Hakanan, wannan fure zai iya yin rashin lafiya tare da cercosporosis da septoria, waɗanda kuma cututtukan fungal suke. A cikin daji da abin ya shafa, aibobi suna tashi akan faranti, wanda ke raunana shi kuma sannu-sannu shuka ya mutu. Idan cutar ta kasance a farkon matakin haɓaka, to, zai isa ya yanke duk sassan da ke fama da daji. Idan cutar ta rigaya ta gudana, to echinacea yana buƙatar fesawa tare da maganin fungicidal.
Idan daji ya kamu da cutar hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri, lalacewa daga farfajiyar zai faru, haka kuma rawaya da bushewar ganye. A farkon alamun kamuwa da cuta, bushes marasa lafiya suna buƙatar a haƙa su kuma a hallaka su, yayin da shafin ya kamata a lalata tare da mafita mai ƙarfi na potassiumganganate. Har zuwa yau, waɗannan cututtukan suna ɗauka marasa lafiya.
A wasu halayen, tsummoki, gora da pengies pennies sun zauna a kan bushes. Lokacin da slugs suka bayyana, dole ne a tattara su da hannu, yayin da kwasfa daga goro ya kamata a rarraba a saman shafin, zai zama babban cikas ga waɗannan gastropods. Don wargaza ƙwayoyin kwari, ana amfani da shirye-shiryen kashe kwari, alal misali, Karbofos ko Actellik.
Don rigakafin, ana ba da shawarar ku bi dokokin fasahar aikin gona na wannan al'ada.
Echinacea bayan fure
Tarin iri
Ya kamata a girbe tsaba Echinacea a ƙarshen ƙarshen, kuma ya kamata su shuka dama a daji. Amma ya kamata a lura cewa tarin tsaba ana aiwatar da su a hankali, saboda haɓakar su baya faruwa a lokaci guda. Bayan tsakiyar kwandon ya zama duhu, ya kamata ka cire tsaba daga tsakiyar sa, yayin da aka bada shawara don kare hannun tare da safar hannu. Sai an daidaita tsaba, ana cire fure tubular, a bushe. Dole ne a shuka tsaba nan da nan bayan girbi, saboda suna kasancewa mai yiwuwa don ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Ana shirin hunturu
Echinacea yana da tsayayya da sanyi, amma idan akwai dusar ƙanƙara a lokacin hunturu, to, bushes ɗin zai iya daskarewa. Lokacin sanyi lokacin hunturu yanada matukar hatsarin gaske ga kananan tsirrai da basu cika shekara daya ba. Don kauce wa daskarewa da daji, a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Oktoba duk harbe dole ne a yanke daga gare ta, yayin da tushen wuyansa an rufe shi da wani yanki na ciyawa. Wurin da kansa yana buƙatar a rufe shi da busassun ganye ko an rufe shi da rassan spruce.
Iri da nau'ikan Echinacea tare da hotuna da sunaye
A cikin daji, zaku iya haɗuwa da nau'ikan 9 daban-daban na echinacea, amma galibi yan lambu suna shuka iri-iri da nau'in Echinacea purpurea.
Echinacea wankanin (Echinacea purpurea)
Tsawon wannan tsararren yana kusan mita 1. Harbe mai taushi kai tsaye. An tattara allunan ganye na kwandon kwandon shara, suna da siffar oval mai faɗi, suna yin matsewa a gaban fikafikan fuloti mai fikafikai. Tushen ganye fararen filaye suna kasancewa akai-akai, m da sessile, suna da siffar lanceolate. Inflorescences kwanduna ne, a ciki wanda akwai furanni masu ɗanɗano na launin shuɗi-ja, da furanni masu ruwan hoda-shuɗi suna nan a gefuna, waɗanda suka kai kusan mm 40 a tsayi, ana nuna su ga gwaggon biri. Mafi mashahuri iri:
- Rumman. Tsawon daji yakai kimanin 1.3 m. Kwanduna a diamita ya kai santimita 13. Reed furanni masu launin shuɗi suna da launi mai launin shuɗi da ɗan ƙarami, yayin da suke da hakora 2 akan gwaggon biri. Kuma furanni tubular launuka masu launin ruwan kasa suna samar da hemisphere na convex siffar, kai 40 mm ko'ina.
- Sonnenlach. Dajin ya kai nisan mita 1.4. Yawan inflorescences na kwandon a diamita ya kai santimita 10, sun hada da lanceolate reed furanni masu launin shuɗi mai duhu, waɗanda suke kusan tsawon mm 35, kuma a kan fiɗa suna da cloves 2 ko 3, da kuma tubular furanni waɗanda ke haifar da kullun launin ruwan launi.
Echinacea Rana (Rana Ychinacea x sunset)
Wannan jerin samfurori ne da aka samo ta hanyar amfani da maganin ta hanyar lalacewa ta hanyar Echinacea da Echinacea purpurea, sakamakon aikin R. Skol. Wadannan 'yan kunar bakin wake suna haɗu da mafi kyawun halayen irin waɗannan tsire-tsire: suna da manya-manyan inflorescences, harbe mai ƙyalli, ƙanshi mai ban mamaki, ƙyalƙyalan furanni da launuka masu ban sha'awa kamar mustard, strawberries, mangoes ko peaches. Tumlar furanni ana fentin su a cikin launi na henna. Godiya ga masu shayarwa, iri sun bayyana wanda aka zana kwanduna fararen fata, ruwan hoda, ja mai haske, shunayya, ruwan lemo da rawaya Irin nau'in lambun echinacea masu zuwa sun fi shahara:
- Julia. Yana da alaƙa da nau'ikan "Butterfly Kisses". Tsayin dwarf bushes ba ya wuce m.4.4 m. Kwanduna masu ɗumbin furanni a buɗe a farkon makonnin bazara, alhali ba su ɓace ba har ƙarshen lokacin.
- Cleopatra. Wannan nau'ikan sun sami sunan ta don girmamawa ga daskararren rawaya mai launin shuɗi. Sanyayyiyar rawaya na rawaya a diamita ya kai 75 mm, an sanya furanni Reed a kwance, saboda kwandunan suna kama da rana a cikin hoto wanda yaro ya zana.
- Ivnin Glow. Inflorescences sun kunshi fure mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, wanda akan sami ruwan lemo mai launin shuɗi mai haske, kuma a tsakiyarsu akwai furanni masu ruwan furanni waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin madaidaicin launi mai duhu.
- Cantaloupe. Kwanduna suna da launi na kankana. An shirya furannin Reed a cikin layi biyu kuma sunyi kama da frill orange-pink. Kuma shaggy hemisphere a tsakiyar furen ya kunshi furanni tubular wani launi mai duhu.
- Saurin Tsalle. Wannan wani sabon abu ne sabon abu. Furanni masu launin shuɗi-zinare sun juya cikin tubules, a tsakiyar sune furanni tubular launin mustard-koren launi. Wannan iri-iri yana da alaƙa da nau'in Letos Buggy iri-iri, waɗannan tsire-tsire suna tsayayya ga fari, kazalika da unpreentiousness a cikin kulawa.
- Double Scoop Cranberry. Wannan nau'in nau'in haƙuri mai haƙuri yana da sauƙin sauƙi don kulawa. Kwanduna masu launin Cranberry suna da ban sha'awa sosai kuma suna da kwalliya ga man shanu. An ba da shawarar don amfani lokacin yin bouquets.
M Properties na Echinacea
Ciyawar Echinacea ta ƙunshi polysaccharides, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, hydroxycinnamic da Organic acid, phytosterols, resins da mahimman mai. Abun da ke cikin rhizome ya ƙunshi mahimmanci, har ma da mai mai, resins, enzymes, macrocells a cikin nau'i na potassium da alli da kuma abubuwan da aka gano selenium, azurfa, zinc, manganese, molybdenum da cobalt.
Hanyoyin da aka yi daga wannan tsire-tsire sun bambanta da antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral da sakamakon warkarwa, ana amfani dasu don ƙarfafa tsarin rigakafi, har ma a cikin aikin tunani ko ta jiki. Wadannan kudade sune kayan ado, kayan ruwan ganyayyaki, ruwan 'ya'yan itace da infusions na echinacea.
Tincture na wannan shuka yana taimakawa ƙara ƙarfi da warkarwa mai sauri na ƙonewa. Ruwan 'ya'yan itace, wanda aka matse daga furanni sabo, ana amfani dashi a madadin magani don magance raunuka, kuma lokacin amfani dashi a ciki, ana lura da haɓaka coagulation na jini.
Echinacea purpurea ya shahara a ƙasashe da yawa. Magunguna daga irin wannan fure a Jamus ana amfani dasu wajen maganin cutar tarin fuka, tonsillitis, chroniosepsis da sauran cututtukan kumburi. S. A. Tomilin wani farfesa ne na kasar Rasha wanda ya ce Echinacea purpurea yana da kayan warkarwa kamar ginseng.
Da ke ƙasa akwai girke-girke na Echinacea, wanda, idan ya cancanta, za'a iya yi a gida:
- Tincture. Aauki gilashin gilashin 500 ml kuma cika shi a saman tare da furannin fure echinacea da aka yanke. Sa'an nan ku cika su da vodka kuma rufe tulu tare da murfin murɗa. Cire akwati zuwa wuri mai duhu na kwanaki 40. Sannan a zuba tincture a cikin wani akwati. Ya bugu cikin saukad 15, waɗanda ke narkar da cikin 1/3 kopin shayi ko ruwa, a kan komai a ciki mintuna 30 kafin cin abinci. Ya taimaka wajan cika aiki, bacin rai da cutar.
- Decoction daga cikin tushen. Dole ne a haɗu da milligramms 300 na ruwa tare da babban cokali 1 na murƙushe tushen echinacea. Ana sanya cakuda a cikin wanka na ruwa kuma a dafa shi tsawon minti 30. Bayan broth ya sanyaya, ya kamata a tace. Sha shi sau 3 ko sau 4 a rana don manyan tablespoons. Ya taimaka tare da colds, na kullum gajiya da m cututtuka.
Contraindications
Yana nufin daga wannan shuka wani lokacin haifar da rashin lafiyan amsawa. Mata masu juna biyu ba za su iya amfani da su ba, har ma da masu shayarwa, da kuma mutanen da ke fama da cututtukan cututtukan fata da tarin fuka, ciwan tarin fuka, cutar sanƙuka, tarin ƙwayoyin cuta. Kuma har ila yau ba za a iya amfani da su ga mutanen da ke da haƙuri da juna ba. Kuma gabaɗaya, kafin amfani da irin waɗannan magungunan, ana bada shawara sosai don tuntuɓi ƙwararrun masani.
