Dukkanin kwari na shuka, mafi haɗari shine fari. Idan akwai sasanninta tare da ciyawar filayen ƙazanta a gida, koyaushe kuna iya haɗuwa da koren kore - ƙyallen guda ɗaya, wanda a tsawon lokaci zai samar da bayyanar siffar ayarin fuka-fuki. A shekara ta 2000, barkewar barkewar kiwo ta bar yankin Volgograd ba tare da amfanin gona ba (mutane 1000-6000 a yanki murabba'in M). A cikin 2010, kwaro ya isa Urals da wasu yankuna na Siberiya. 'Yan kwalliya jirgin sama ya yi muni. Rakunta na iya lissafa biliyoyin mutane. Lokacin da suke tashi, suna yin sautin halayyar kusa da ban tsoro, kuma a cikin nesa mai kama da tsawa. Bayan farawan fari, ciyawar da ta rage.
Locwanƙan ƙaura, ko farawan Asiya (Locusta migratoria).
Ustan fari sun bazu
Iyali farauyin gaske (Acrididae) ya haɗa da nau'ikan 10,000, wanda kusan 400 aka rarraba su a Yuro-Asiya, ciki har da Tarayyar Rasha (Asiya ta Tsakiya, Kazakhstan, kudu maso yammacin Siberiya, Caucasus, kudu na ɓangaren Turai). Daga cikin ustsan fari, abin da ya fi dacewa da lahani ga Federationungiyar Rasha shine farawan asian ko Locwan fari (Locusta migratoria) Akwai matakai guda biyu na rayuwa: aure da garke. Tsarin garken fari na da lahani. Wakilan sashi na daya sun fi mamaye yankuna na arewacin yankin, da kuma garken - na kudu da Asiya mai dumbin yawa.
Ustanƙarar ƙasa
Wani kwaro mai iko, tare da babban aiki a farkon safiya da maraice, a lokacin da babu tsananin zafi. Individualaya daga cikin mutum ci har zuwa 500 g na shuke-shuke da yawa daban-daban na tsire-tsire da kuma gabobin halittu (ganye, fure, rassan matasa, mai tushe, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari). Tana kunshe da nisa har zuwa kilomita 50 a kowace rana. Tare da rata na shekaru 10-15, aya ta ƙunshi babbar juji (swarms) na manya, daga haɗuwar tarin larvae. A lokacin haihuwar taro, suna iya ɗaukar murabba'in hekta 2000 tare da tashi sama, suna cin abinci a kan hanya, har zuwa 300, kuma tare da iska mai ƙarfi har zuwa 1000 km, barin ƙasa mai ɓoye tare da ɗaukar abin da ya rage na harbe-harben huhun da shuka mai tushe.
A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, tsawon lokaci, yawan kwari yana raguwa (da farko sanyi, yunwar, aikin tsirrai na halitta). Yawan cututtukan da suka shafi kwaro a cikin matakai daban-daban na ci gaba, farawa daga lokacin kwai, yana ƙaruwa a cikin fuka-fuki. Sake dawowa yana da shekaru 10-15 sannan a sake maimaita jirgin sama.
Bayanin ilimin ɗan fari na fari
A bayyanar, aya ta kama da ciyayi da crickets. Halin da ake iya rarrabewa shine tsinkayen eriya (ustswan fari sun fi guntu) da kuma kasancewar ƙulli mai kaifi a kan tsinkayen, jaws mai ƙarfi. Fuskokin gaba suna da yawa a cikin launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi, amintattun fuskoki suna da laushi mai ma'ana tare da wasu launuka masu launin shuɗi.
Cyclearamar ci gaban ƙasa
Tsawon rayuwar mutum ya fara ne daga watanni 8 zuwa shekaru biyu. Bokaye suna zaune da haɓaka a cikin matakai biyu - guda ɗaya da na garke.
Single lokaci
An bambanta ɗan fari ɗaya ta hanyar girman nau'ikan sa, yana da launi mai launi, wanda akan kira shi "kore cike". Tana jagorantar rayuwa mara amfani kuma kusan ba ta da cutarwa. Lokaci guda na rayuwa don fari shine mahimmanci don adana yawan jama'a. A wannan lokacin, mace tana sanya ƙwai ƙwai. A hankali, ƙarancin larva yana ƙaruwa kuma ya kai iyaka, wanda ya zama alama ce ta canji zuwa mataki na biyu na rayuwa da rayuwa.
Lokaci na garken
A cikin tsarin garken garke, mace mai fari ta fara sa ƙwai a cikin shirin binciken abinci. Masu binciken sun ba da shawarar cewa "kararrawa" shine karancin furotin a cikin abincin manya. Locaƙƙarfan farauta masu girma suna rushe cikin garken, kuma larvae suna daɗaɗɗa mai yawa.
Locwanƙan ƙaura, ko farawan Asiya (Locusta migratoria).
Locwanƙan ƙasa na kwance ƙwai.
Ustan fararen kiwo
Locusts yakan mutu a ƙarshen Oktoba tare da tsayayyen sanyi. Kafin farkon yanayin sanyi, macen ta sanya kwai, samar da gidaje na hunturu a cikin babba na 10 cm na ƙasa, wanda ake kira kwalliyar ƙwai. Yayin kwanciya, kwai mace tana ɓoye ruwa mai kumburi daga glandon jima'i, wanda yake da saurin hanzari, yana raba ƙwai daga ƙasa mai kewaye. Mace, a yayin sanya qwai, tana samar da wasu kwalliya masu yawa (kaifin kwai) tare da murfi, a ciki wacce ta sanya qwai 50-100, tare da adadinsu ya kai 300 ko sama da haka. A lokacin diapause hunturu, qwai ya zama mai tsaurin sanyi kuma basa daskarewa koda cikin tsananin sanyi. Da farkon zafin rana, lokacin hutu na hunturu ya ƙare kuma a cikin bazara, tare da isasshen ƙasa mai ɗamara, farin tsutsa ya bayyana a cikin babban ɓangaren kwai. A farfajiya na kasar gona, ya kara duhu bayan 'yan awanni, ya samu bayyanar da babu irinsa (ba tare da fuka-fuki) ya fara ciyarwa. A tsakanin watanni 1.0-1.5, tsutsa tsararraki ya wuce shekaru 5 kuma ya zama fararen fara. Bayan wata daya na inganta abinci mai gina jiki, kuma bayan dabbar ta hanyar canjin, sai fararen mata ya fara lafe da qwai. A lokacin dumi, kowace mace tana da tsararraki 1-3.
Ta hanyar rayuwa, farau ya kasance cikin nau'in garke. A cikin shekaru tare da isasshen abinci, yanayin zafi ko ɗakuna, da matsakaicin matsakaici, daidaikun mutane ba sa cutar da yawa. Amma dole ne mutum yayi la’akari da haɓakar haɓaka da canji daga yanayin zaman rayuwa zuwa rayuwar garke. Ya bayyana bayan kusan shekaru 4. A wannan lokacin, musamman idan yayi daidai da lokacin bazara mai zafi, na tsawon shekaru 2 zuwa 3, aya ta cika haɓaka, ta samar da tarin yawa daga larvae a karamin yanki (swarms). Barkewar yawan kiwo, da yanayin yanayi, zai iya ɗaukar shekaru da yawa, sannu a hankali yana raguwa kuma ya koma tsarin rayuwa kawai. Tazara tsakanin epiphytotics yana kan shekaru 10-12 ne.
Kowane ɗayan nau'in garken, ƙoƙarin kula da daidaitawar furotin da ruwa na jikinsu, an tilasta musu su ci abinci ba tare da tsangwama ba (in ba haka ba za su mutu sakamakon rashin jikinsu). Motsawa don neman sabon abinci, sun wuce, kamar yadda muka fada, daga 50 zuwa 300 km kowace rana. Individualaya daga cikin mutum zai iya cin 200-500 g na kore kore na tsirrai da makamantansu maƙwabta a cikin ruwa. Rashin ƙarancin furotin ya sanya farar ta zama maharbanta, garken ya kasu gida biyu bisa ga yanayin yanayin kashi biyu. Runsayan yana gudu daga dangi, ɗayan yakan kama su kuma ya ci su, kuma “duka hanyar rayuwa” suna ƙarfafa waɗannan tsire-tsire masu wadatar da ƙwayoyin carbohydrates. Decreasearin raguwa na halitta a cikin adadin kwari yana faruwa ne ta hanyar barkewar cututtukan cututtuka a cikin ƙwarƙwaran filaye a babban ɗimbinsu, lalacewar ƙwai a cikin ƙwayayen kwai ta cututtukan cututtuka, abokan gaban fararen ƙwari (kwari na kwari, tsuntsaye da sauran wakilan fauna).
A sakamakon haka, wurin da ya fi dacewa cikin ci gaban farauta shine karuwar yawan kwalayen kwanciya da fitowar larvae (a yanki ɗaya). Ofwari mai yawa ya fara tashi ta jirgin sama tare da ƙaruwar yawan kwaro. Don haka, kuna buƙatar fara lalata ƙwanƙarin kwai da “tsibiran” na larvae, yin huɗa ƙasar don rage yawaitar kwari. A cikin ɗakunan rani, babban aikin rage yawan alumma yana dogara ne akan matakan sarrafa kwaro: matakan agrotechnical + magani na ƙasa da tsirrai.
Hanyoyin sarrafa garin
Ganin saurin motsi, tabbatuwa da kuma cikakken lalata tsiren kore a gefen hanyar garken farauta, ana amfani da matakan kula da sinadarai don rusa shi, musamman a manyan yankuna.
A cikin gida kasar ko a kusa da yankin, ustarasar cikin gida ana aiwatar da ita gabaɗaya kuma ana aiki da ita tare da farawa da matakan fasaha, ingantaccen aiki da kuma dacewar lokaci wanda ke taimaka wajan rage adadin kwari da hana cutar lahani ga ƙasan duniyar tsirrai.
Locwanƙan ƙaura, ko farawan Asiya (Locusta migratoria).
Abubuwa masu ban tsoro
A cikin wuraren da za a iya fuskantar barazanar farawan fara, tonon silsila na lokacin rani ko ɗakin da ke kusa da wurin ya zama tilas, a cikin abin da aka lalata kwalayen ƙwai.
A farkon digging kaka, ana bada shawarar yin amfani da zurfin bazara. Wannan dabarar yana lalata kwalayen kwai da kwanciya bayan an tona wurin da farko.
Lokacin gudanar da aikin madadin aikin gona, ya zama dole a sauke wuraren da ba a amfani da su, wanda ke hana samuwar kwayayen kwai da kuma kwanciya da qwai daga mata.
Matakan sarrafa sinadarai
Dukkanin magungunan sunadarai an fi yin sa da safe. Lokacin aiki, lura da matakan aminci na sirri, yi aiki a cikin dacewa da ta dace, numfashi, tabarau, safofin hannu. Lokacin aiki tare da magunguna, dole ne a bi ƙa'idodin dilution da kuma amfani da magungunan kashe ƙwari.
Tare da babban tarawa na lardin fari a cikin keɓaɓɓun wurare, ana bi da shi tare da Decis-karin, Karate, Confidor, Hoto, ingancin wanda ya kai har zuwa kwanaki 30. Ana iya sarrafa shi tare da duk magungunan da ake amfani da su don magance ƙwayar ƙwayar dankalin turawa ta Colorado.
Tsarin maganin kwari na Klotiamet-VDG yana ba da kariya ga tsirrai daga farawa har zuwa makonni 3. Bayan 2 hours, duk kwari mutu, alama rage yawan live hatching larvae. Za'a iya amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin cakuda tanki tare da takin mai magani da haɓaka masu haɓaka tare da gwajin karfin yarda.
Magungunan ƙwayar cuta na Gladiator-KE yana cire larvae da katako. Amfani da shi a farkon lokacin da tsofaffi ba su da yawa. Alluran magungunan sun bambanta da shekarun farawan.
Damilin kwaro ne wanda ke da wani tasiri na musamman game da ciwan kwaro da samuwar chitin a jikin tsutsa yayin motsi. A sakamakon haka, larvae ya mutu kafin su kai shekarun tsufa na kwaro. Ingantacce har zuwa kwanaki 40. Magungunan ba shi da guba ga mutane da dabbobi masu jin jini, da sauri bazuwar ruwa da ƙasa.
