Yawancin lokaci a cikin kudanci da tsakiyar babu takamaiman buƙatar shuka kabewa ta hanyar shuka. Abubuwan ta suna shuka da kyau lokacin da aka dasa shi a ƙasa mara kyau, yayi girma da kyau kuma yana bayar da ingantaccen amfanin ƙasa. Idan kai mazaunin yanki ne mai sanyin sanyi ko kana so ka sami kabewa mai kabewa kafin lokacin da mai samarwa ya bayyana (a matsayinka na mai mulkin, wannan lokacin shine kwanaki 120-140 daga shuka zuwa girbi), yana da kyau ka fara shuka kabewa ta shuka ta a kasa. A yau za mu yi magana game da ingantaccen irin ingantaccen tsire-tsire.
Shuka kabewa seedlings.
'Yancin kabewa na tsaba
Da farko dai, kuna buƙatar zaɓar '' '' '' '' '' '' '' 'masu kyau don shuka ƙwayar kabewa. Idan kun tattara tsaba da kanku, wanda galibi yakan faru, to ya kamata ku tabbata cewa kun girma iri-iri, ba matasan bane. Daga cikin irin waɗannan seedlingsan itacen, ƙarshe tsire-tsire za su yi girma waɗanda suka bambanta sosai da waɗanda suka girma a shafinku a bara.
Idan kun tabbata cewa iri ne da ke girma, kuma ba haɓakar F1 ba, to, zaku iya tattara tsaba kuma kuna buƙata, a matsayin mai mulkin, yawancin tsaba a cikin kabewa kuma akwai wadataccen zaɓi daga. Yi ƙoƙarin zaɓar duka tsaba, ba tare da lalacewa ba, ba tare da alamun rot, cikakke cikakke. Kuna iya bincika su ta hanyar danna ɗan yatsan dan kadan a gefunan: tsaba waɗanda aka yi (waɗanda aka yi su) ba sayarwa bane, ana siyar da 'ya'yan' bebi ', kuma zaku ji cewa wannan ba iri bane, amma a zahiri kawai harsashi ne daga gare ta.
Gaba, bayan zabar lafiya, gaba daya, aka yi tsaba, kuma zaku iya yin hakan a gaba, saka adadin wadannan tsaba da kuka tanada. Yawanci, haɓakar ƙwayar kabewa yana daɗewa, daga shekaru shida zuwa takwas; a cikin manyan sarkar dillalai, ana yin watsi da tsofaffin tsaba, amma a gida zaka iya mantawa game da “jakar” tsaba, kuma tunda shekarun suka tashi da sauri, suma zasu yi saurin rasa germin da tsaba. Don hana wannan daga faruwa, koyaushe rubuta kwanan wata akan marufi tare da tsaba lokacin da ka ware su kuma sanya su cikin ajiya.
Lokacin sayen tsaba a cikin shago, ƙoƙarin zaɓar nau'ikan masana'antun sanannun, suna sayar da abin dogaro da ingantattun abubuwa, kuma a kan marufi tare da zuriyarsu, ranar tattara su a cikin jaka koyaushe ana rubuta ko hatimi tare da hatimi, ba zane mai zane ba.
Yi ƙoƙarin ɗaukar tsaba sabo idan akwai shekara ɗaya ko rabi hagu kafin ranar karewa, koda a ragi ne, zai fi kyau kar ku ɗauki irin waɗannan tsaba.
Shiri na kabewa tsaba don shuka shuki
Bayan kun zaɓi tsaba, kuna buƙatar rarrabe su cikin gunguna. Za'a iya yin ƙananan juzu'i gwargwadon girman tsaba - babba, babba da ƙarami - zalla ido, don haka ya sanya su cikin tara.
Kowane yanki na tsaba, komai girman su, dole ne a fara "farkawa", don wannan yana da kyau a sanya tsaba a cikin ruwa (zai fi dacewa danshi ko ruwan sama), mai zafi zuwa digiri 40-43 sama da sifiri na kusan awa ɗaya. Bayan wannan lokacin, dole ne a cire tsaba kuma, ba tare da rinsing tare da ruwan sanyi ba, a nannade cikin ragon raga ko kuma a sanya shi a cikin ɗakin talakawa a cikin wani wuri mai inuwa don 'yan kwanaki kafin a yi kyankyasar tsaba. Duk wannan lokacin kuna buƙatar saka idanu da zafi na rag ko raguna, adana shi dan kadan m (lokaci-lokaci spraying da ruwa). Idan an shirya yawancin tsaba don dasa, to kada ku sa duka su a cikin rag ɗin ɗaya ko ɗamara, amma yana da kyau a rarraba zuwa ƙananan ƙananan, a faɗi, guda goma.
Af, lambu lura cewa lokacin da girma ta hanyar seedlings, kabewa ba shi da lafiya da kuma shafi kwari, a fili, shi mafi alhinsri kula rigakafi ba tare da ɓatar da shi a kan yaƙi da m yanayin muhalli a matakin farko na girma lokacin da aka shuka a cikin ƙasa.
Idan kai mazaunin yanki ne a inda dare mai sanyi, canjin yanayin zafi, da dawowar yanayin sanyi sananne ne, to banda soaking tsaba da rarrabasu cikin gutsuttsuran, yana da mahimmanci ka taurara tsaba. Irin wannan tsari mai sauƙi zai haɓaka ko ƙarfafa rigakafin ƙwayar cuta, ƙara juriya ga tsirrai da ɗan ƙara musu juriya game da kwari da cututtuka.
Don kuma taurara kabewa na tsaba, ya zama dole a hankali a sanyaya tsaba domin kada a lalata tsiron, ba tare da cire su daga raggaba ko sanyawa ba, kawai a kwance sai a sanya tsaba kai tsaye a saman kantuna mafi ƙarancin firiji na yau da kullun a riƙe a rana guda.
Hakanan, don haɓaka ayyukan haɓaka, ana yawan yayyafa tsaba tare da Epin, Heteroauxin, ko makamancin haka.
Don ƙarin ƙarin hardening, ana sanya tsaba waɗanda sun riga sun lalai akan ƙananan shelf na firiji na gidan kwana biyu. A matsayin ƙarin riguna na sama, yana halatta a rufe su a cikin rigar raga tare da farar itace - teaspoon don tsaba 25-30.
'Ya'yan itacen kabewa da aka shuka akan shuka.
Shiri na kwantena don girma kabewa seedlings
Yayin shirya tsaba, yana halatta a yi shiri na kwantena don girma seedlings. Wannan na iya zama akwatunan katako na katako da keɓaɓɓe, zai fi dacewa sabo da bushe, zai fi dacewa a bi da maganin 2% na dindindin na dindindin kuma an bushe shi bayan haka, har da kwantena filastik tare da ramuka na tilas a ginin don magudanar danshi mai yawa, wanda za'a iya sauƙaƙe kuma a sauƙaƙe tare da zafi awl , ko kuma kwalayen filastik mutum, kuma tare da rami a gindi, kuma an yi shi da hot ɗin awl.
Idan ba kwa son yin haɗarin dasa shuki, amma kuna son dasa shi a cikin ƙasa ba tare da cutar da tushen ba, to, zaku iya shuka iri a cikin kuran peat. A cikin irin wannan gilashin, zaku iya shuka iri biyu, sannan zaɓi mafi kyawun shuka, cire na biyu ko sanya shi a hankali, sannan ku dasa gilashin a cikin ƙasa ba tare da taɓa tushen seedling ba. Mugaryan peat za ta zama abinci, seedlings ba zai sami ƙarin damuwa ba saboda maido da tsarin tushensa bayan lalacewarsa.
Lokacin zabar gilashin ƙwayayen peat, yana da kyau ɗaukar girman su don kabewa daga 7x7 cm, kaɗan kaɗan, amma ba ƙasa ba.
Shiri kasar gona don girma kabewa seedlings
Lokacin da kwantena suna shirye, kuma tsaba suna soaked, zaku iya fara shirya ƙasa don shuka ƙwayar kabewa. Tabbas, zaku iya siyan ƙasa a cikin shago - karanta a hankali game da abin da ya ƙunsa, kuma idan komai ya kasance cikin tsari, ƙasa ba ruwan acidic ko alkaline, to sai ku shuka iri a ciki, amma koyaushe kuna iya shirya ƙasa da kanku. Yawancin lokaci ƙasa madaidaiciya don shuka kabewa mai tsire-tsire shine cakuda ɓangarori biyu na peat na wucin gadi, ɓangaren ɓangaren rijiya mai-kyau da kuma ɓangaren humus. A bu mai kyau don wadatar da cakuda sakamakon tare da teaspoon na nitroammophoski cikin sharuddan kilo biyar na ƙasa.
Lokacin da ƙasa ta shirya, suna buƙatar su cika yawan kwantena, bayan wannan yana da kyau a zube narke ko ruwan sama a ɗakin zafin jiki kuma zaka iya fara shuka tsaba. Yawanci, ana shuka ƙwayar kabewa zuwa zurfin 3-4 cm, babu ƙari.
Lokacin girma kabewa seedlings ba a cikin kwantena daban, amma a cikin manyan akwatina, masu girbi kayan lambu suna ba da shawara, kafin kwanciya ƙasa a cikin kwalaye, zuba ɗan yumbu da aka faɗaɗa don magudanar ruwa a zahiri ɗaya ko biyu santimita kauri.
Lokacin mafi kyau duka don shuka, ta hanyar, kusan kwanaki 18-22 kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa. Yawancin ya dogara da yanayin waje, da kuma yankin ku - kuna buƙatar yin ƙididdigar tsawon dangane da yanayin.
Idan muka dauki yankin tsakiyar Rasha, zai fi kyau dasa shuki a cikin tsakiyar watan Mayu, ba shakka, ba shi yiwuwa a ware dawowar ƙanƙara, amma a wannan lokacin ƙasa da iska za su rigaya su kasance da isasshen abin da za su karɓi kabewa seedlings.
Aiki a kan kula da kabewa seedlings
Amma mun danyi gaba kadan, kafin dasa shuki a cikin fili, akwai sauran lokaci mai yawa, tunda dai mun shuka iri ne kawai. Kafin seedlings ya bayyana a farfajiya na ƙasa, ya zama dole don rufe kwantena tare da fim ɗin cling ko gilashi don ƙirƙirar tasirin greenhouse. Idan kun shuka iri-kabewa a cikin kofuna daban, to, yana da kyau ku tattara su a cikin babban akwati tare da manyan bangarorin kuma ku rufe shi da fim ɗin cling ko gilashi. Yana da mahimmanci kafin harbe su bayyana a kalla sau ɗaya a rana don buɗe fim don 'yan mintoci kaɗan don barin cikin iska mai tsabta da kuma kula da ƙasa a cikin yanayin daɗaɗa, da feshi da shi daga bindigar da aka fesa.
Amma ga mafi yawan zafin jiki, yana da matukar kyau a kula da shi a digiri 19-24 sama da sifilin a lokacin rana, sannan a runtse shi zuwa digiri 14-16 da dare.
Da zaran harbe ya bayyana sama da kasa, dole ne a cire fim din, kuma a sanya seedlings a cikin windowsill na kudanci kuma kowane kwana ukun juya shi gefe guda zuwa haske don kada ya bunkasa tare da gangara a gefe ɗaya.
Hakanan 'yan lambu sun lura cewa ana dasa itacen kabewa sau da yawa. Don rage wannan sabon abu mai ban tsoro, ya zama dole nan da nan bayan fitowar ta kimanin mako guda don rage zafin jiki zuwa digiri 16-17 sama da sifilin a cikin rana kuma zuwa digiri 11-14 sama da sifilin dare. Bayan lokacin da aka ƙayyade, dole ne a mayar da yawan zafin jiki zuwa matsayin daidaitattun ƙwayar kabewa.
Matasa harbe na kabewa seedlingsWatering kabewa seedlings
Tare da shayarwa, kuna buƙatar yin hankali sosai, a cikin kowane hali ya kamata ku mamaye-daskarar da dunƙarar ƙasa, amma baza ku iya bushe shi ba. Ba bu mai kyau ruwa a kan ganyen kabewa ba lokacin da ake ruwa. Watering ya kamata a da za'ayi tsananin kamar yadda earthen coma ta bushe, da yawa dogara da zafi a cikin Apartment ko gidan. An lura cewa a cikin ɗakuna inda manyan ɗakunan ruwa na tsayawa, danshi ya fi girma, ƙamshin dunƙule ya bushe da sannu a hankali kuma ana iya shayar da shi sau da yawa, kuma akasin haka. Fesa shine ingantacciyar hanyar shayarwa, amma kuna buƙatar amfani dashi don gwada kada rigar ƙasa kawai, amma don jiƙa shi santimita 3-4 a zurfi. Regular da ƙananan allurai na ruwa - wannan shine mafi kyawun shawarwarin lokacin shayar da kabewa seedlings.
Topping sama kabewa seedlings
Baya ga yin ruwa, ana kuma buƙatar takin ƙasa, kafin a aiwatar da su, ƙasa tana buƙatar ɗanɗano dan kadan (a zahiri tare da ɗan yatsa), to ya kamata a shayar da ƙasa, bayan wannan, yawanci wannan yana faruwa mako guda bayan fitowar ƙasa a ƙasa, ana iya ciyar da seedlings. Mafi kyawun zaɓi a cikin wannan yanayin shine nitrophoska, yana buƙatar 7-8 g kowace guga na ruwa, wannan adadin ya isa mita mita na seedlings, kuma idan tsirrai suka girma a cikin kwantena daban, to zaku iya zuba teaspoon na mafita a ƙarƙashin kowace shuka.
Idan kun saba da ilmin sunadarai, to zaku iya amfani da maganin mullein, kuna buƙatar cika shi da ruwa a zazzabi na 45, yana narkar da digo ɗaya zuwa goma, kuma ya bar shi ya kwana, sannan ya narke sau biyar sannan zaku iya ciyar da tsirrai. Ga kowane ɗayansu, tablespoon na mafita ko lita ɗaya a kowace murabba'in masara da ke fama da jinya zai isa.
Mafi kyau duka wurin kabewa seedlings
Kuna buƙatar riƙe kwantena tare da seedlings a kan windowsill na kudu, inda ake lura da mafi kyawun hasken wuta. A tsakar rana, daga kusan rabin goma sha ɗaya zuwa rabi na goma sha biyu, ana iya sharan seedlings daga haskoki na rana ta jaridu.
Da zaran 'ya'yan itacen suka kai tsayin 18-22 cm, suka sami karfi, suka sami ganyen zahiri biyu ko fiye na launuka masu haske, yana halatta a watsa su cikin ƙasa, idan duka shi da zazzabi a bayan taga an isasshensu.
Dasa kabewa seedlings a cikin ƙasa bude.
Dasa kabewa seedlings a cikin ƙasa bude
Da farko, shirya kasar gona da kyau, tono ta a kan cikakken bayoneti na shebur, cire ciyawa, amfani da tablespoon na nitroammophoski a kowace murabba'in mita, ruwa da ƙasa, kashe guga a kowace murabba'in mita na ƙasa, bar shi "huta" don 'yan kwanaki, kuma zaka iya fara dasa shuki, a gaba yin ramuka a cikin abin da yake kyawawa don zubar da ofan tablespoons na itace ash a ƙasan.
Lokacin dasa shuki kabewa seedlings, zaɓi wani yanki inda magabatan-kabewa masu abokantaka suka girma, wato, dankali, ganyayen da suka wadatar da ƙasa tare da isasshen ƙwayar nitrogen, albarkatu iri daban-daban, da albasarta. Magabata mara kyau sune zucchini, cucumbers da kankana, watau "dangi".
Yi gadaje don dasa shuki irin waɗannan da suke masu daidaitawa don narke ko ruwa ban ruwa ba ya gudana ta hanyar su, suna yin ramuka, kuma saboda ku iya motsawa cikin yardar kaina a tsakanin gadaje ba tare da yin laushi ba.
Kafin dasa shuki, seedlings ana buƙatar taushi, da farko kwashe shi zuwa couplean awanni biyu a cikin baranda a buɗe, bar shi don sa'o'i 10-12 a rana mai zuwa, sannan ku bar shi cikin dare, sannan zaku iya dasa shi a cikin ƙasa.
Tsarin saukowa tsakanin ramuka yakai mita, tsakanin layuka zaka iya yin mita, amma zaka iya ƙaruwa zuwa mita ɗaya da rabi.
Lokacin dasawa daga manyan kwantena, yi ƙoƙarin sanyaya ƙasa a farko sannan kuma gwada ƙoƙarin ɗaga seedlings tare da matsakaicin adadin tushen tare da tablespoon don kada ku lalata su, shine, sake haɗa shi da dunƙule na ƙasa. Hakanan za'a iya shayar da ƙasa a cikin rami; 0.5 l na ruwa kowace rami ya isa.
Bayan dasawa, kuna buƙatar matsi ƙasa da yatsunsu don kada wani voids tsakanin asalin, kuma zamu iya cewa wannan shine ƙarshen dasa shuki na kabewa.
Idan kuna son hasken rana mai ƙonawa kada ku lalata ganyayyaki masu mahimmanci na seedlings a cikin kwanakin farko, to zaku iya inuwa da su tare da jaridar don 'yan kwanaki a rana.
Wannan shi ne duk da dabara na girma kabewa seedlings.
