Seedling hardening

Hanyar seedling na kayan lambu da wasu albarkatu na lambu an danganta su da yanayin damina. A cikin mafi yawan yankuna na Tarayyar Rasha, lokacin sanyi ba tare da matsakaicin zafin rana na + 10 ... + 15 ° C shine kwanaki 110-140 a shekara, wanda yake ƙasa da abin da yawancin kayan lambu ke buƙata tare da tsawon lokacin girma (daga 130 zuwa 200 ko fiye kwanaki). Shuka da dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai yuwuwa ne mai yiwuwa daga Maris-Afrilu - tsawon lokacin da zai zo da hasken rana. Amma lokacin sanyi ba ya fara a yankuna daga Mayu 25 zuwa Yuni 10-15. An kirkiro yanayin yanayi wanda ke iyakance ci gaban tsirrai. A irin wannan yanayin, lokacin kore na kwanaki 30-60 shine kyakkyawan lokacin tanadi don amfanin gona mai tsananin zafi wanda basu da ɗan gajeren lokacin bazara don kafawa da kuma shuka amfanin gona a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa.

Me yasa ya zama dole don taurara seedlings?

Lingsawan da ke cikin ɗakunanmu da greenhouses suna girma a karkashin yanayin wucin gadi a yanayin zafi mafi kyau + 18 ... + 30 ° С, da canjin yanayi mai kyau da yanayin zafi lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mara kyau da ke shafar yanayin shuka. Bugu da kari, duk wani kutse a cikin yanayin yanayin tsirrai, gami da juyawa, yana haifar da cuta. Lokacin dasawa, tushen tsarin yana wahala. Lokaci ya zama dole don mayar da tsarin aikin yau da kullun na samar da ruwa ga gabobin tsire-tsire na sama. A wannan lokacin dawo da yanayin, dole ne mahalli ya zama yana da tasiri ga seedlingsan matasa. Tsarin tushen aiki mara kyau, bambanci tsakanin tsananin haske da yanayin zafin jiki yana haifar da dakatar da tafiyar matakai na rayuwa da na tsiro. Don rage lokacin yin amfani da sabon yanayin, wanda zai ba da gudummawa ga hanzarta maido da seedlings, ya zama dole don sannu a hankali ko shirya seedlings don sabon yanayi. Wannan shine babban mahimmancin hargitsi seedlings.

Yadda za a gudanar hardening seedlings?

Ta hanyar seedlings, zaku iya shuka kusan dukkanin kayan lambu, kayan haɓaka wanda ya fi tsawon lokacin dumi a yankin, kuma idan kuna son samun amfanin gona na farkon kayan lambu. Irin waɗannan albarkatun gona sun haɗa da tumatir, barkono mai zaki da ɗaci, eggplant, cucumbers, squash squash, pumpkin, kankana, kankana, kowane irin kabeji da sauran albarkatu.

Don samun lafiya, kullum ci gaban seedlings, hardening ya kamata a da za'ayi duk tsawon lokacin da ya ci gaba da kuma a cikin gida (a cikin wani greenhouse, hotbeds, a gida a kan windowsill, da dai sauransu) har sai dasa shuki a bude ƙasa. Ana koyar da lingsan itacen a hankali su zauna a cikin ƙasa.

Seedlings fara taurara riga 2-4 days bayan fitowan.

Zazzabi hardening

Na farko hardening na seedlings ne da za'ayi kwanaki 2-4 bayan germination. A tsakanin kwanaki 4-7, an rage yawan zafin jiki na cikin dakin daga + 17 ... + 25 ° С zuwa + 8 ... + 16 ° С yayin rana kuma daga + 10 ... + 15 ° С zuwa + 7 ... + 12 ° С da dare dangane da al'ada (tebur. 1 da tebur. 2), wanda counteracts da fadada daga seedlings.

Furtherarin raguwa ko a kwanakin zafi zafi karuwa a yawan zafin jiki zai rage jinkirin ci gaban ƙwayar cuta da cutar su. An fara daga makonni 2 da haihuwa, yanayin zafin jiki na seedlings har zuwa farkon hardening na seedlings an kiyaye shi a cikin wani yanki da aka ba da hankali, sannu a hankali yana daidaita yanayin muhalli.

A cikin kwanakin zafi na rana, ɗakin yana da iska mai iska ba tare da zane-zane ba. Bude windows ko transoms daga mintuna 5-15 a rana zuwa awanni 2-4. A cikin lokacin girma na greenhouse, yana da mahimmanci don saka idanu koyaushe ba kawai yawan zafin jiki na iska ba, har ma da ƙasa. Tsarin tushen pampered, sau ɗaya a cikin ƙasa buɗe, ba zai iya tsayayya da matuƙar zafin jiki ba kuma yana iya rashin lafiya, yana haifar da mutuwar shuka.

Tebur 1

Tebur 2

Yanayin hasken rana

Seedlings dukkan seedlings a farkon zamanin ba zai iya tsayar da hasken rana kai tsaye ba kuma yana iya samun ƙonewa daga ganyen matasa. Sabili da haka, daga lokacin shuka, kwanaki na 3-4 na farko, ana girgiza seedlings, yana barin rana don minti 15-20 a rana daga 10 zuwa 11 ko daga 14 zuwa 15 hours. Lokacin hasken hasken rana a hankali yana ƙaruwa kuma har zuwa makonni 2 da haihuwa ana iya barin seedlingsan itacen a buɗe gabaɗaya.

Yin allurai.

Bukatar ƙarin .an seedlings

A cikin hunturu-lokacin bazara, da seedlings a fili bai isa ba a cikin tsananin hasken halitta da tsire-tsire bukatar dogon hasken rana. Lokacin bayyanar tumatir shine sa'o'i 14-16 a rana. Don eggplant da barkono har zuwa lokaci na 4 ganye na gaskiya, lokacin haske yana zuwa awanni 14-16, sannan sa'o'i 10-12. Don tsabtacewa, lokacin sakawa ya fara ne daga sa'o'i 10-12. Kabewa na tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire na ɗan gajeren rana kuma ba sa buƙatar ƙarin haske. Lokacin da girma a cikin seedlings na wasu albarkatu da dama tare da lokutan hasken wuta daban-daban, yi amfani da kayan rufewar da ba ya isar da hasken rana. Lokacin girma seedlings na amfanin gona da yawa a cikin ɗakunan yanayi tare da tsawon lokaci daban-daban na hasken rana, bayan sa'o'i 10-12 na lokacin haske, ana kwashe kwantena tare da tsire-tsire zuwa cikin duhu mai duhu da mai sanyaya, kuma gobe za a mayar da su matsayinsu.

Hardening seedlings da dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa bude

Ko da kuwa wurin namo (a gida, koren shinkafa, shinkafa, a karkashin tsari na wucin gadi daga fim ko spunbond), dole ne a riga an shuka shukar seedlings kafin a dasa shi. Makonni 1-2 (ba ƙari) kafin a shuka shuki a cikin ƙasa, zazzage iska a cikin dare zuwa + 12 ... + 14 ° C don tumatir, eggplant, barkono mai dadi, kabewa, kuma don ƙarin sanyi-kabeji (kabeji, letas) - don + 6 ... + 8 ° C. Idan kuka kara tsawon lokacin hardening zuwa makonni 3 ko sama da haka, kuma koda tare da ƙarin zazzabi, ƙwayar ta hana haɓaka, wanda daga baya ya rage yawan amfanin gona, wani lokacin har zuwa 30%.

Hardening seedlings da dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa bude.

Rage zafin jiki 3-5 kwanaki kafin disembarkation aka kawo zuwa matakin na yanayi zafin jiki na bude sararin samaniya. Don wannan, ana ɗaukar seedlings girma a ɗaki zuwa rufaffiyar baranda kuma an bar su a kusa da agogo. Zai fi kyau a rufe taga da dare saboda kada kwantar da hancin dare ya yi. Idan aka yi girma a cikin seedlings a cikin wani shinkafa, ko kuma ana tashe transoms a cikin greenhouse, wanda ya sanya zazzabi a hankali yayi daidai zafin jiki a titi.

Lokaci guda tare da hardening sassa na iska, ana koyar da tushen ƙwayoyin cuta don rage ƙananan yanayi da tsanani. Tare tare da rage yawan zafin jiki na iska, suna rage yawan ruwa. Ba a canza darajar ban ruwa ba, kawai tsaka-tsakin da ke tsakanin ban ruwa ya ninka. Tsawon lokacin bushewa yana taimakawa bushe bushe ƙasa. Soilasa ta kasance cikin danshi a sashin tushen tsarin, amma ya bushe a sashin da ke sama. Wannan yanayin yana dakatar da haɓakar shuka. Ya zama mafi "stocky", tushen tsarin ke tsiro sosai, da ganye kayan aiki tasowa, a cikin kabeji cikin ganyayyaki an rufe shi da wani m mai ruy. Yana da matukar muhimmanci kada a bushe ƙasa lokacin wannan lokacin. Fadowa daga buds zai fara, ragin ganye zai ragu zuwa matsayin mai raɗaɗi. Gabaɗaya, tasirin shuka zai ragu.

Kwanaki 1-2 kafin dasa shuki, ana yin suturar miya, ana samar da tsirrai tare da abinci mai gina jiki. Wasu lambu suna yin wannan hanya 10-12 kwanaki bayan nutsewa. Kuna iya ciyar da tsirrai tare da maganin ammonium nitrate, superphosphate da potassium sulfate (10, 40 da 60 g da lita 10 na ruwa, bi da bi) ko nitrophosic 60-70 g / 10 l na ruwa. Don ciyarwa, zaku iya amfani da Kemir, crystallon ko wasu takin mai ma'adinai waɗanda ke ɗauke da nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium. Manyan riguna na zamani zasu rage lokacin tsira da haɓaka adadin tsirrai da suka sami tushe zuwa 100%.

Lastarshen kwanakin seedlings su kasance a kusa da agogo a cikin sararin samaniya a ƙarƙashin wata alfarwa ko baranda. Idan akwai haɗarin sanyi, 'ya'yan itacen suna rufe da spanbond ko wasu kayan sutura da daddare. Tsarin fim mara dadi ga tsire-tsire.

Seedlingsan da ke da kyau da kuma ciyar da shi sosai lokacin da aka tura su zuwa yanayin filin zai kasance da sauƙin jure yanayin damuwa kuma zai ci gaba da haɓaka su. Tare da ƙarancin ingancin shiri don dasawa, seedlings ke hana ci gaban kwanaki 5-10 ko fiye.