Ofayan mafi girma a cikin orchid dangi shine masdevallia (Masdevallia). Ya haɗu da nau'ikan tsire-tsire sama da 500 waɗanda ba su da girma mai yawa, waɗanda lithophytes, epiphytes da ƙasa suke wakilta. Kodayake akwai nau'ikan halittu da yawa a cikin wannan tsararrakin, rarrabawar ta takaitacciya ce. Don haka, a cikin yanayi, ana iya samun waɗannan tsire-tsire a cikin kudancin Brazil, a Mexico, Andes, Bolivia, Columbia, Peru, da kuma a Ekwado.
Wakilan wannan nau'in sun bambanta da sauran orchids tare da taqaitaccen abu mai rusazome, mai bakin ciki, ya rage pseudobulbs, yana da 1 mai wuya, ganyen fata mai launin fata mai launin kore mai duhu, da kuma nau'in fure. Peduncles yana haɓaka daga asalin ayyukan, alhali ko inflorescence a cikin buroshi ko fure guda yana kasancewa akan su. Corolla ta ƙunshi manyan kabilu guda 3 da kuma ƙaramin fure 1 (lebe). Sepals (sau da yawa rikice tare da petals) a cikin yawancin jinsuna suna girma zuwa mafi girma ko erasa a tushe, galibi ana yin bututu a sakamakon haka. A wannan yanayin, tukwicin kabarin yana ci gaba ta hanyar tsari mai tsawo wanda ke da siffar filiform. Iyakar abin da kawai ake iya rarrabe shi shine lebe, wanda za'a iya bayyane a fili kuma yana da siffar harshen, sannan kuma ya kasance ɗan ƙarami kuma a ɓoye yake a cikin kunkuntar pharynx. Hakanan akwai ƙananan gas na gaske guda 2, amma saboda girman ƙarancin su kusan basa ganuwa. Akwai nau'in halittu waɗanda ake kiran furanni zygomorphic, yayin da wasu ke da alamun meta. Sepals na iya samun girma da launi iri dabam. Itatuwa na iya yin fure tsawon makonni 3-4 (wani lokacin dan kadan).
Masdevallia orchid yana kulawa a gida
Kowane nau'in yana da wasu fasalulluka na kulawa na cikin gida, wanda ke da alaƙa da yanayin da wannan shuka take girma cikin yanayi. Misali, akwai tsire-tsire masu daukar hoto ko kyama, ko kuma waɗanda suka fi son abun cikin daɗi. Koyaya, waɗancan nau'in waɗanda yawancin masu shuka furanni suke girma a halin yanzu suna da wasu ka'idoji don kulawa.
Haske
Kyakkyawan daukar hoto. Ya kamata walƙiya ta yi haske, amma a lokaci guda. Ba a yarda da hasken rana kai tsaye ba. An bada shawara don sanya fure a kan taga na yamma ko gabas. A wannan yanayin, lokacin da aka sanya shi a kan taga gefen arewa, kuna buƙatar hasken wuta, kuma a kudu - shading daga haskoki na rana. Dole ne a yi amfani da hasken a lokacin kaka da kuma hunturu, yayin da tsawon lokacin awoyi na hasken rana a duk shekara daga 10 zuwa 12 hours.
Yanayin Zazzabi
Yawancin jinsunan suna buƙatar zazzabi mai sanyi-mai sanyi. A lokaci guda, bambance-bambancen zazzabi na yau da kullun wajibi ne ga shuka. Don haka, a lokacin rani, ya fi kyau idan a cikin rana zai kasance daga digiri 15 zuwa 23, kuma da dare - daga digiri 10 zuwa 18. A cikin hunturu, masdevallia yana buƙatar sanyin sanyi - daga digiri 10 zuwa 15.
Bayan babu barazanar sanyi da daddare a cikin bazara, ana iya canja furen zuwa iska mai tsabta (zuwa baranda, ga gonar), amma dole ne a sami inuwar daga hasken rana kai tsaye.
Cakuda ƙasa
Tukwane da toshe sun dace da haɓaka. Zai fi kyau ɗaukar tukunya daga filastik amintacce, yayin da dole ne a ƙara ƙarin ɓatar da ɓoye a jikin bangon, wanda ke sa haɓakar tushen tushen ya fi kyau. Akwatin da aka shirya dole ne ya cika da kayan kwandon na Pine, kuma girman su ya dogara da tsarin tushen tsirrai. Don haka, alal misali, idan tushen ya yi kauri, to, ɓawon murhun na iya zama babba, kuma mafi kyawun juzu'ikan ya dace da Tushen bakin ciki. An ba da shawarar a haɗu da haushi tare da sphagnum (ba lallai ba ne), kuma dole ne a sanya shi akan farfaɗar cikin abin da keɓaɓɓen don guje wa ƙazamar danshi mai saurin lalacewa.
An yi amfani da yanki na babban haushi na pine haushi azaman shinge. Bayan yin matashin gansakuka, an kafa tushen a saman toshe. Ya kamata a kuma sanya ƙaraf ɗin sphagnum a saman tushen sa.
Yadda ake ruwa
Yana da Dole a ruwa sau da yawa kuma sosai yalwace. Don yin wannan, ɗauki ruwa mai tsafta (kusan digiri 40). Masana sun ba da shawara game da shayarwa ta hanyar nutsarwa. A cikin kwanar da ke cike da ruwa, kuna buƙatar runtse kwandon ko toshewa kuma ku bar shi na uku na awa ɗaya, har sai an sami tushen da haushi tare da danshi. Sannan an canza orchid din zuwa inda ya saba.
Hakanan, shuka zai kasance da amfani sosai "ruwan shawa" (kusan digiri 45). A cikin abin da ya faru cewa ruwan da ke cikin samar da ruwa ba shi da wuya, ana bada shawara don wanke fure ta kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin famfo a cikin gidan wanka. Kuma don wannan zaku iya ɗaukar ruwa, wanda ya kamata ku zuba ruwa mai laushi mai laushi.
Wajibi ne a shayar da shuka da tsari, ba tare da jiran haushi ya bushe ba, tunda babu ruhun da ke kan tushen sa, wanda ke ba da gudummawa wajen kiyaye danshi. Koyaya, ambaliya abu ne mai cutarwa sosai, saboda yana iya tsokani samuwar rot.
Haushi
Danshi kai tsaye ya dogara da yanayin zafin jiki. Idan ɗakin yana da sanyi, to, zafi kusan kashi 50 ya dace, a cikin ɗakin dumi, har ma fiye da haka a cikin lokacin zafi, zafi ya kamata ya kasance a matakin kashi 80-90. Kuna iya ƙara yawan zafi a cikin ɗakin tare da kayan hurawar gida da masu samar da tururi, amma ya fi kyau a yi amfani da orchidariums don namo. Hakanan zaka iya ƙara zafi ta hanyar kwantar da kullun ganye daga mai toka. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da ruwa mai laushi mai laushi.
Don furanni na ƙananan ƙananan, kwantena na musamman da aka yi da gilashi ana amfani da su. A cikinsu, yana da sauki a kula da microclimate m don ci gaba da haɓakar shuka.
Siffofin Juyawa
Canje-canje kawai idan ya cancanta. Don haka, idan tsiron ya yi girma daga tukunya ko toshe ya zama abin ɓoyewa gareshi, haka kuma dangane da ma'anar salinization ko lalatawar kayan kwalliyar. Dasawa nan da nan bayan fure.
Taki
Ciyar da fure 1 lokaci cikin 3 ko 4 makonni. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da takin gargajiya na orchids, ɗauki rabin ko na uku na shawarar da aka bada shawara akan kunshin. Ana iya narkar da takin a cikin ruwa don yayyafa ko don ban ruwa.
Hanyoyin kiwo
A cikin yanayi na cikin gida, zaku iya yaduwar irin wannan fure ta hanyar rarraba daji mafi girma zuwa sassa da yawa.
Karin kwari da cututtuka
Idan kun bi ka'idodi don kulawa da irin wannan orchid, to zai zama mai tsayayya ga cututtuka da kwari. Idan zazzabi tsarin mulki aka zaɓi da kyau, kazalika da tare da untimely watering, tare da low ko wuce kima zafi, da dama cututtuka fungal bayyana, tsokani bayyanar rot da ganye spotting. Hasken rana kai tsaye na iya barin ƙonewa a kan ganye.
Bidiyo "Yadda ake kulawa"
Babban nau'ikan
Daga cikin masu noman fure na gida, masdevallia har yanzu ba'a rarraba shi ba, kuma basu san komai game da shi. Amma a lokaci guda, daga adadin ɗimbin yawa, babu shakka za ku iya zaɓar wani abu ga yadda kuke so.
Masdevallia kayan masarufi (Masdevallia tovarensis)
A halin yanzu shine mafi shahararrun nau'in halitta a cikin al'ada. Irin wannan tsiro ya fito ne daga gandun daji mai laushi na Venezuela da Columbia, yayin da ya fi son girma a cikin fasa kwarin bishiyoyi ko a cikin rassan su. Lanceolate-oval ko o ganye-ganye suna daɗaɗɗa a hankali tare da tsakiyar jijiya. Peduncles suna da tsawon santimita 15, kuma galibi suna da tsayi fiye da shuka da kanta. Inflorescences a cikin nau'i na buroshi ya ƙunshi furanni-fararen dusar ƙanƙan wuta na 2-7, wanda yawancin jijiyoyinsu a sarari suke. Furannin zygomorphic da aka sheda sun kusan gama fyaɗe manyan kabari guda 2, waɗanda ke ƙasa, suna da nasihun kawai waɗanda suke shiga cikin hanyoyin da ke cikin elongated na bakin ciki. Kashi na uku yana a saman kuma yana da ƙanana, duk da haka, yana da dogayen tsari wanda za'a iya lanƙwasa baya ko kuma a kalle shi zuwa sama, gaba ɗaya yana rufe ɓangaren ƙananan furen. Kabarin tare da kayansu a tsawon sa, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya kai santimita 3. Kamshin furanni yafi ƙanshi.
Wuta Red Masdevallia (Masdevallia ignea)
Wannan nau'in yana daya daga cikin abubuwan mamaki. Asalin fure ne daga tsaunin daji na gabashin Cordillera, wanda yake a Kolombiya. Leaflets suna da nau'i daban-daban daga oblong-lanceolate har zuwa elliptically lanceolate, yayin da ƙananan sashinsu ke da nau'i mai fasali. Dogon fure (har zuwa santimita 35) furannin fure suna da girma sama da shuka da kanta, kuma a kansu akwai furanni guda ɗaya na girman girman (diamita har zuwa 8 santimita). Itaciya ana kiranta zygomorphic. Guda biyu na sepals a ƙasa ana haɗa su rabi. Suna da nau'i na madaidaicin maƙwabta na asymmetric kuma basu da manyan maki a dubaru. Launin furanni yayi daidai da launin harshen wuta. Don haka, a wani kyakkyawan yanayin jujjuyawar launuka masu launin shuɗi, akwai launuka 4 masu yawa waɗanda suka fito daga gindin. Kashi na uku, wanda yake a cikin ɓangaren ɓangaren fure, shine kunkuntar, wutsiyar bakin ciki, aka shimfida ta ƙasa. Kamar dai yana kwance akan furen fure kuma a lokaci guda yana rufewa da fasalinsa.
Masdevallia glandularis (Masdevallia glandulosa)
Wurin haifan wannan ƙaramin kyakkyawan tsire-tsire shi ne Ekwado da Peru. Ganyayyaki na baya-lanceolate a gindi suna da alama da elongated. Dogayen suttura cikin tsayin daka sun kai santimita 4 kawai, yayin da ganyayyaki ya fi tsayi sau 2. Tun da wannan nau'in yana da yanayin girma na rayuwa, farfajiyar da ke tashi sama sama da rosette na ganye kuma suna ba da dama don sha'awar furanni guda ɗaya da ke da sifar kararrawa. Da yake yana da tsinkaye guda uku, kofin ya ƙunshi sepals 3, waɗanda kusan an gama su gaba ɗaya. Hakoransu masu buɗe ido-uku, mai-faɗi mai faɗi-uku suna ƙare da bakin ciki kamar "wutsiya" waɗanda sun ɗan fi tsayi akan kabarin. Leɓunan leɓe kusan ba zai yiwu a fitar da su ba, tunda yana zurfi a cikin bututun da ke yin kararrawa. Bangaren sashi na sepals din yana da launin ruwan hoda mai haske, kuma ƙarshen wutsiyoyi ana fentin launin rawaya, da kuma zurfin cikin bututu. Fuska ta ciki an sanya shi cikin babban akwatuna tare da dimbin ,anana, daɗaɗɗen kwalliya (gland), ana zanen su da shunayya. Idan ka kalle su daga nesa, sun yi kama da na bakin haske sosai. Sunan wannan nau'in an haɗa shi daidai da wannan fasalin shuka.
Irin wannan fure ba kawai yana da tasiri sosai ba, har ma yana da ƙanshin ƙarfi (ƙanshin ƙanshi na albasa). Wannan nau'in yana daya daga cikin mafi yawan kamshi a wannan dabi'ar.
Masdevallia triangularis
Wannan shuka a cikin yanayi ana iya samun ta a Ecuador, Venezuela, Columbia, da kuma Peru. Rowuntataccen zuwa ƙasidun tushe masu tushe suna da siffar obovate. Kafaffun kafafu ba su da tsayi fiye da ganye kuma tsawon su shine santimita 15. Kadaren furanni sune zygomorphic. Duk sepals 3 suna da siffar alwati ɗaya iri ɗaya, yayin da ake haɗa su zuwa rabi. A cikin kabari 2 da ke ƙasa, fiyoyin kamar suna sag saboda tsananin girman rubin ɗin, maimakon “wutsiyoyi” masu tsayi. Siffar, wacce take saman kanta, irin wannan "wutsiya" tayi kyau sosai. Idan kayi la'akari da waɗannan "wutsiyoyi", to, diamita na fure na iya zama santimita 17. An zana shi da launi mai rawaya mai haske kuma yana da shirye-shiryen ɗaukar burbushinsu a tsakiyar sashin tsakiyar sepals. Hakanan akan saman sepals akwai ƙananan ɗigon burgundy. "Ponytails" kuma ana fentin su da launin burgundy. Karamin lebe yana da wahalar gani koda a cikakkiyar hanin budewa.
Wannan nau'in na ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda furanni ke da ƙanshi mara kyau. Suna da ƙarfi wari rot.
Masdevallia Davis (Masdevallia davisii)
Homelandasar haihuwar tsiro na Peru, inda yawanta keɓaɓɓun yana nufin rana. Saboda haka, wannan orchid mai suna saboda kyawawan furanni masu launin shuɗi. Sun ƙunshi sepals 3. Tuffa biyu mai fadi-lanceolate da ke ƙasa suna 2/3 fused kuma suna da ƙananan fashewa a tukwici. Sabanin kashi uku na din-din-din, wanda yake a saman, ya zama ƙarami ne girmansa, sannu-sannu ya narke kuma yana da kauri kamar zaren a gefan. Kyakkyawan ƙananan (diamita har zuwa 5 santimita) furanni masu ƙanshi suna girma akan tsayin daka mai tsayi, wanda zai isa tsayin 25 santimita.
Masdevallia dareettaeana
Wannan karamin shuka ne mai kyawun gaske. Ya zo ne daga arewa maso gabashin Peru da kudu maso gabashin Ecuador. Rosette da ke kunshe da ganyayyaki yana da girman mitoci 3 zuwa 5 santimita. Siffar ganye yana da faɗi sosai, kuma kusa da petiole akwai ɗan ƙarami. Peduncle a tsayi ya kai santimita 3-3.5. A kanta akwai fure guda, wanda yafi girma (diamita kusan santimita 3), da fenti fari. 2 sepals located a kasa, gaba daya fused. Suna da siffar alwatika na isosceles, yayin da fiyoyinsu suke yankan waje, kuma a ƙarshen akwai "dogogi" dogo mai siffar zare. Freeayan kyauta, sepal mai ɗorewa, wanda ke sama, ya fi ƙanana girma. Wannan kabarin yana rataye shi akan kofin, yayin da yake rufe wasu bangare na shi. Yana da "wutsiya mai tsayi" mai tsayi, wanda aka goya baya da baya kuma a matse shi sosai akan fure daga waje. Yawancin glandon da ke kan farfajiya na ciki (ya yi kama da farfajiyar mayafin daskararre), suna ba furen ta musamman. Saboda wannan, ra'ayi shine cewa furen yana da laushi kuma yana da taushi, kuma ƙabarin suna kama da ƙananan matashin fur. Wannan nau'in ya fito daga cikin sauran saboda yana da ƙananan, ainihin, fure mai launin rawaya wanda ke fitowa daga buɗewar ƙwayar halittar. Lebe yayi kama da girman sifar kuma yayi kama da harshe mai tsawo.
Masdevallia erinacea
Theasar wannan fure itace guguwar Panama, Ekwado, Costa Rica da Kolumbia. Wannan karamar shuka ba ta wuce girman akwatinan wasa a girma. Littattafai masu narkewa suna da kamannin da ke da bel, yayin da farfajiya ke da tsayi sau 2-2.5 kuma tsayin su zai iya kaiwa daga 4 zuwa 7 santimita. Kadaren furanni suna da nimbus, diamita wanda shine milimita 15. All sepals 3 an haɗa su gaba ɗaya. Sun kirkiro kofin zagaye mai zurfi wanda ke da karamin harshe-lebe da kuma 3 tsinkaye 3 na siffar filiform. Waɗannan ƙananan gaɓoɓainan da suka fito daga tushe zuwa tsakiya masu launin shuɗi ne masu launin fari, sannan kuma sun zama ruɓaɓɓe mai faɗi sosai kuma suna da launi masu launin rawaya. Corolla ta waje tana cike da launin rawaya, kuma an rufe ta da wasu wurare masu launin shuɗi. A farfajiya na gabaɗaya fure akwai ƙananan tsirai masu ƙyalƙyali waɗanda suke da ɗanɗanar kama da ƙananan hairs.
