Bakin teku buckthorn ya dade yana daga cikin tsire-tsire masu magani. A cikin tsohuwar Girka, ganye da ƙananan rassanta an yi amfani da su don magance mutane da dawakai. Amma sai a hankali suka manta da shi. Kuma kawai a cikin shekaru uku zuwa huɗu na ƙarshe, an sake yin amfani da buckthorn teku a tekun.
Buckthorn teku H Shihmei BargerBuckthorn tekuSunan Latin Hippophae.
Sunan Latin don buckthorn na teku ya fito ne daga sunan Girkanci don shuka: Huffa; daga hippos - doki da fatalwa - haske. An yi imani da cewa dawakai suna cinye da ganye na itacen buckthorn suna da fatar fata musamman.
- Halin tsirrai na dangin Sucker (Elaeagnaceae).
- Shuke-shuken ko bishiyoyi, galibi suna farawa, daga 0.1 zuwa 3-6 m (da wuya kusan 15 m) tsayi.
- A ganye ne m, kunkuntar da tsawo, kore a kananan maki a saman, launin toka-fararen, azurfa ko m-zina a kan underside na dunƙule Sikeli densely rufe su.
- Furanni suna bayyana kafin ganye.
- 'Ya'yan itace mara kyau (drupes), wanda ya ƙunshi goro, ado da aka yi ɗamara, kayan masarufi da maraba mai kyawu. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu ruwan lemo ko masu launin shuɗi, akwai da yawa daga cikinsu, suna nan da yawa kuma suna ganin suna “manne a jikin” rassan (saboda haka sunan tsiro na Rasha).
Wasu sunaye na buckthorn teku: waxwort, dereza, ivoterne.
Mafi yawan lokuta, idan muna magana game da buckthorn teku, muna nufin Buckthorn Buckthorn, ko buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides) shine dioecious shrub ko itace, wani nau'in halittar buckthorn Sea, na kowa a yanayin yanayin yanayin Eurasia.
M Properties na teku buckthorn
'Ya'yan itaciyar na itacen buckthorn ana rarrabasu azaman multivitamin. Sun ƙunshi provitamins A, bitamin (B1, B2, B3, B6, C, E, K, da sauransu). 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun ƙunshi sukari na 3-6% (glucose da fructose), acid na Organic - malic, tartaric, da sauransu, tannins. Alkaloid hippofaine, ascorbic acid, da har zuwa tannins daban-daban 10 an samo su a cikin ganyayyaki da haushi, kuma har zuwa 3% mai mai mai na kayan daban daban a cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa da iri fiye da na' ya'yan itace da iri.
Man mai mai tarin yawa yana tarawa a cikin 'ya'yan itacen, wanda ya ƙunshi triacylglycerols tare da cikakken mai mai cike da mai, monounsaturated (palmitoleic, oleic) acid ya mamaye na ƙarshen; pectic abubuwa, acid Organic, tannins, flavonoids, nicotinic da folic acid, macro- da microelements (boron, iron, zinc, jan ƙarfe, manganese, potassium, alli), sugars da wasu nau'ikan rigakafi na shuka.
Man na daga ɓangaren litattafan almara na 'ya'yan itatuwa suna da launi mai laushi mai haske, daga zuriya tana da launin shuɗi. Sun bambanta da ɗan a cikin abun da ke ciki. 'Ya'yan itacen oak na itace ya ƙunshi kusan carolene 0.350% da carotenoids, thiamine da riboflavin, mafi yawan gaske (0.165%) na tocopherol da mahimmancin adadin mai mai mai.
A inji ne iska-pollinated, nectar kusan ba ya nan a cikin furanni. Abinda ake kira "ruwan buckthorn zuma" a rayuwa shine syrup daga berries buckthorn berries.
Amfani da buckthorn na teku
Ana amfani da 'ya'yan itacen buckthorn na teku don samun mai buckthorn oil wanda ake amfani dashi a magani. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari muhimmin yanki ne na abincin hunturu ga tsuntsaye.
Daga 'ya'yan itaciyar ruwan buckthorn na teku, ruwan' ya'yan itace na buckthorn ruwan teku, dankalin mashed, masara, marmalade, jam, an kammala shirye-shiryen kayan zaki. Ana amfani da ruwan 'ya'yan itace don shan ruwan inabi, da abin sha mai taushi, giya, tinctures; nunannun 'ya'yan itatuwa bayan daskarewa da ɗan rasa haushi kuma ana amfani dasu don yin jelly, tinctures da jelly.
A cikin magungunan jama'a, ana amfani da man buckthorn mai a cikin gida don rashi na bitamin (scurvy, makanta na dare), cututtukan peptic na ciki da duodenum. Ganye a tsakiyar Asiya ana amfani da ita don rheumatism. Yadu sosai, ana amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa da ganyen buckthorn na teku a cikin maganin likitanci.
Ganyen buckthorn ganye suna tara tannins, waɗanda sune ka'idodin aiki na miyagun ƙwayoyi - hyporamine, wanda ke da aikin antiviral.
Man na da rauni warkarwa da analgesic Properties, ana amfani da shi don kula da scaly lichen, cutar Darier, ƙonewa, sanyi, caba, lupus erythematosus, rauni waraka raunuka, fasa, da dai sauransu.
Ana amfani da tsaba a matsayin m maganin laxative.
A cikin kwaskwarima, daga mai itacen buckthorn mai, an shirya masks masu dacewa don fata; Ana amfani da adon 'ya'yan itatuwa da rassa don aski da asarar gashi.
Ana amfani da buckthorn na teku don gyara yashi, shinge hanya, kwari, don shinge. Buckthorn teku kuma ana amfani dashi sosai azaman shuka na ornamental.
Tekun buckthorn dasa
Zabi wurin sauka
Dole ne a dasa buckthorn teku a mafi nisa daga wuraren narkar da ciyawar lambu. Misali, zaɓi wurin da ya dace domin dasa shuki na buckthorn seedlings a gefen shafin, a gefen hanya, kusa da ginin lambun, kusa da Lawn.
Tushen teku buckthorn sune fewan rauni marasa ƙarfi waɗanda ke lanƙwasawa zuwa ɓangarorin don mita da yawa daga shuka. Tushen teku buckthorn suna kwance mara iyaka (20-30 cm daga ƙasa), don haka ana lalata su cikin sauƙi lokacin tono ƙasa a gonar. Kuma rauni zuwa ko da ɗaya daga cikin tushen ƙwarai raunana da shuka. Mai aikin lambu yana buƙatar sanin wannan fasalin tsarin tsarin tushen dutsen buckthorn kuma dole ne ya yi la’akari da shi lokacin zabar wurin shuka iri.
Buckthorn teku End Wendy CutlerDigging a kusa da buckthorn teku shine sanadin mafi yawan sanadin rashin ƙarancin fruiting ko mutuwar wannan shuka. Additionalarin mummunan sakamako na irin wannan tono shine bayyanar harbe harbe a shafukan yanar gizon lalacewar tushen buckthorn na teku.
Matsayi na biyu mai mahimmanci lokacin zabar wuri mai dacewa don dasa shuki cikin teku buckthorn seedlings yanki ne buɗe. Buckthorn Sea shine hoto mai hoto kuma sabili da haka dole ne yayi girma akan wurin da ba a daidaita shi ba a gonar.
Shuka bishiyar buckthorn seedlings
Dasa buckthorn teku ba shi da bambanci da dasa shuki sauran tsire-tsire. Kada kuyi amfani da sabon ƙwayar halitta lokacin dasa shuki buckthorn seedlings kuma kada ku zagi takin ma'adinai. Kuna iya iyakance kanku da guga na takin da aka yanka, takan ɗaure na superphosphate (tabbas ninki biyu - a cikin wuraren da ke da alaƙar acid) da gilashin itacen ash ga kowane irin shuka.
Zaka iya, ba shakka, ƙara cokali mai kyau na takaddun hadaddun takaddun lokacin dasa shuki a cikin itacen buckthorn seedling.
Idan kana maye gurbin buckthorn teku, to sai kayi ƙoƙarin tono tushen sa asalinsu (suna da tsawo). Koyaya, idan a lokacin rami ya zama dole don datsa Tushen, to sai a datse ɓangaren daskararren tsire-tsire kuma. Showsabi'a ya nuna cewa "yawan wuce gona da iri" tare da gurɓataccen ɗan itacen buckthorn seedling ya fi "juyayi" da shuka da adana ɓangarorin iska mai yawa.
Lokacin dasa manyan tsire-tsire na buckthorn, zaku iya barin babban akwati (1-1.5 m) ba tare da wasu rassan gefen ba.
Buɗaɗɗen ruwan teku Le Ole HusbyDogon Tushen buckthorn na teku yana da sauri kuma nisa zuwa gefen waje rami saukowa. Sabili da haka, aikace-aikacen takin mai magani a cikin yankin da'irar kusa-tushe daya zuwa shekaru biyu bayan dasawa ba shi da mahimmanci kamar na tsire-tsire tare da tushen saitaccen tushen.
Inganta Teku Buckthorn
Buckthorn teku ne quite hunturu-Hardy, duk da haka, a cikin winters tare da kaifi zazzabi saukad da, itace da, musamman, furen buds na maza shuke-shuke daskare. Kidneyswararren ƙwayoyin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta na buckthorn na teku an ɗora su a kan haɓaka na shekara ta yanzu. Yawancin abinci ya dogara da yanayin yanayi. Seeda fruan itinga fruan itinga ofyan ofa ofan na buckthorn na teku sun shiga shekaru 4-5, ciyayi - a shekaru 3-4.
Furen itacen buckthorn na fure a lokaci guda yayin da ganyayyaki ke farawa; furanni namiji da mace ba su da ma'ana kuma ba tare da ƙanshi ba. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari cikakke lokaci guda 90-100 kwanaki bayan fure. Siffar 'ya'yan itacen ya bambanta daga mai sihiri zuwa oblong-oval, cylindrical, taro na' ya'yan itace daga 0.07 zuwa 1.1 g, launi yana daga haske zuwa rawaya zuwa ja.
Tushen tushen teku buckthorn is located in the babba horizons na kasar gona, wanda ya kamata a la'akari lokacin da girma shi a gonar. A cikin lokacin farin ciki na itace, buckthorn na teku yana shimfidawa mafi yawan lokuta saboda zuriya wanda ya bayyana akan farkon-tsari mai tushe wanda yake kwance a zurfin 5-15 cm.Bayan shekaru 2-3, 'ya'yan sun haifi ,a fruitan, amma tsarin tushen nasu yana da rauni kuma haɗin haɗin tare da mahaifiyar shuka ya kasance.
Wani fasali mai mahimmanci kuma mai mahimmanci game da tushen tushen itacen buckthorn shine kasancewar nodules. Ayyukan masu bincike da yawa sun tabbatar da aikin daidaitawa nitrogen da nodules na buckthorn na teku. Wasu lokuta, ba da sani ba, nodules suna kuskure don tushen ciwon daji, yanke, wanda ya rage rayuwar tsira daga seedlings kuma ya lalata ci gaban su.
Buckthorn teku Zo Victor ZolotuhinBuckthorn Sea shine tsire-tsire masu daukar hoto. A cikin tsiro mai yawa, a cikin inuwar tsirrai masu tsayi kuma idan tsayayyen densely a cikin lamuran halitta, ya girma zuwa sama da rassan rauni. Matasa zuriyar tsirrai na mutuwa ne sakamakon rashin haske.
Yaduwar buckthorn teku
A cikin yanayin mai son lambun mai son, ana yin yaduwar buckthorn ne kawai a cikin hanyar ciyayi: lignified ko kore kore, inoculation, tushen zuriya.
Yaduwa da lignified cuttings
Yanke Lumber tare da kauri akalla 5 mm ana girbe su a watan Nuwamba kuma a adana dusar ƙanƙara. A cikin bazara, an yanke su zuwa tsawon 15-20 cm, an dafa shi tsawon kwanaki 2-3 a ruwa kuma a sa a ƙarshen ƙarshen a cikin maganin heteroauxin (200 ml a kowace lita na ruwa) na awanni 24. Kuna iya adon itace a cikin ruwa tsawon kwanaki 10-12. A wannan lokacin, kumbura sun fara yin fure kuma tushen tushe na iya bayyana.
An shirya dabarar dasa shuki a gaba. A ƙarƙashin digging na kaka a 1 m, kilogiram 6 na humus an ƙara (a kan ƙasa mai nauyi, ƙari, buhun 3-4 na yashi) da 80-100 g na superphosphate.
A cikin bazara, an sake gina ƙasa har zuwa rabin bayoneti na felu kuma a hankali ya ɓoye. Yankin dajin ya zama bai wuce 1 ba. Bai kamata a ɗaga tudun sama ba, zai fi kyau a tattake ɓangarorin hanyar don tsararren dutsen ya ɗan tashi sama da sauran yankin.
A zazzabi na kasar gona a zurfin 15 cm ba kasa da digiri 5, ana shuka cuttings akan gadaje. Sama da ƙasa na ƙasa barin kodon ɗaya ko biyu. Bayan dasawa, ana yanke shayarwa sosai tare da mulus da humus. Don mafi kyawun tushen ɗan itacen, za a iya rufe tudun kafin a dasa shuki tare da fim ko bayan dasawa, ana iya shigar da shinge na waya kuma ana iya shimfiɗa fim a kansu. A gaban fim na katako, ɗakunan sanyi, firam ɗin, za ku iya shuka (bisa ga tsarin 4x4 cm) tsattsun tsayi 3-4 cm tsayi.
Buckthorn teku Isa Liisa-Maija HarjuBayan dasawa, ya zama dole don saka idanu da danshi na ƙasa: ana shayar da peran girki sau ɗaya kowace kwana 3-4, gajere - kowace rana. Yanayin zafin jiki a cikin mafakar fim kada ya wuce 27-30 ° C. A ƙarshen zamani, wani ɓangare na ƙwayar ya kai sikelin masu girma, a cikin bazara na shekara mai zuwa ana iya dasa su zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa. Ragowar 'yan seedlings suna girma a wani kakar.
Don dasawa, ana ɗaukar seedlings kawai tare da tushen tsawon 20 cm, tsawo na ɓangare na m 50 cm kuma diamita na akalla 8 mm a tushen wuyan ana ɗauka.
Yaduwa da kore kore
Wannan hanyar tana jagorantar samarwa masana'antu, amma yan lambu mai son amfani da shi ma zasu iya amfani dashi. Lokacin yin yaduwa ta hanyar kore kore, yana da buqatar samun ƙaramin koren shinkafa, shinkafa ko firam. An shirya tudun itace a cikin gidan shukar shinkafa ko firam a watan Yuni na 15-20: ana zubar da tsakuwa a tsakuwa mai zurfi na cm cm 10 cm, sannan wani ƙaramin ƙasa mai zurfi 10 - 10 cm da cakuda peat da yashi a cikin rabo na 1/3 5 cm. Ya kuma shayar da su.
A shekara ta biyu ko ta uku ta watan Yuni, an shirya dabarun. A wannan lokacin, a kan tsire-tsire na igiyar ciki, harbe ya kamata ya kasance tsawon 12-15 cm Bayan yanke yankan, an cire ganyen 2-3 na ganye. An yanka yankan kuma an saukar da su cikin maganin heteroauxin (150-200 MG a lita 1 na ruwa). Bayan sa'o'i 14-16, an cire su daga mafita, an wanke su kuma an dasa su akan gadaje. Yankunan da ba a bi da su tare da kayan ci gaba kuma za'a iya shuka su.
Tushen kore kore ya dogara da yarda da yanayin zafi da kuma yawan zafin jiki na iska. Nan da nan bayan dasa, da shi wajibi ne don gudanar da spraying na cuttings. A cikin yanayin zafi a cikin kwanakin farko bayan dasa, ya kamata a maimaita spraying bayan awanni 0.5-1, cikin girgije - bayan sa'o'i 2-3. Danshi a cikin gidan kore yakamata ya zama ya zama kashi 90-100%, kuma zazzabi kada ya zama ƙasa da 30 ° C. Kyakkyawan sakamako lokacin da aka ba da tushen ganya ta hanyar ɗaukar garkuwa da su.
Makonni biyu bayan dasawa, saiwoyin bakin ciki zai fara bayyana. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ana shayar da ganyayyaki da yawa, amma ƙasa da akai-akai (sau 1-2 a rana). Tsire-tsire suna saba wa iska ta waje. Kimanin wata daya bayan bayyanar tushen (farkon watan Agusta), an cire fim ɗin. Kowane kwanaki na 6-7, ana yin suturar phosphorus-potassium a cikin ƙimar 40-50 g na superphosphate da 20-25 g na potassium g da 10 l na ruwa.
Bayan daskarewa kasar gona, seedlings a cikin greenhouse ko firam an rufe shi da dunƙule daga paw ko bambaro. A cikin hunturu suna buƙatar rufe su da dusar ƙanƙara. Bayan girma, ana dasa su zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa ne kawai a cikin bazara.
A cikin lambun mai son, za a iya haɗa tushen gudawa. A wannan yanayin, ana yankan cutan a tsawon shekara na girman 12-15 cm, amma daga 12-15 cm na haɓakar shekarar da ta gabata (duka tsawon tsararran itace 25-30 cm) Idan akwai rassan gefen, ana cire su zuwa zobe. Kwarewa yana nuna yawan rayuwa mai irin wannan cutarwa a cikin yanayin fim na kore, har ma da saurin ruwa.
Tekun buckthorn daji. © David EdwardsLokacin yin babban yanke ƙuri akan kayan da scion, dole ne a ɗauka a zuciya cewa ƙwayar buckthorn nama tana daɗaɗɗa, sun yi crumble sosai da sauri juya baki. Waɗannan yanayi suna buƙatar saiti mai kyau da hankali, saurin ayyukanta, daidaitawa da kampanin kamfani da kampani da ɗauri mai ɗauri. An rufe ɓangaren na sama na yankan da petrolatum ko plasticine.
Idan akwai haɓaka mai kyau, za'a iya yin allura akan ƙwayar namiji tare da mace ɗaya kuma bi da bi.
Magudi
Jagoran hanyar yaduwar tsire-tsire 'ya'yan itace - grafting tare da idanu bai dace sosai ga buckthorn na teku ba, tun da idanu suna ɗaukar tushe saboda ƙananan ayyukan rarraba cambial yadudduka na jari da scion. Ana iya samun kyakkyawan sakamako ta hanyar ɗora ido a cikin butt tare da harshe.
Kwaro na buckthorn teku
Teku buckthorn asu
An samo shi a cikin Transbaikalia. Yayin kodan, kumburin ya mamaye ya cinye su. A lokacin rani, suna samar da mazaunin gida, suna haɓaka dabino da ganye na 4-6 a saman firam ɗin. Caterpillars suna pupating a cikin saman ƙasa Layer. Butterflies tashi a cikin marigayi Yuli-farkon Agusta, kuma bayan wata daya suka sa qwai a kan haushi a cikin ƙananan ɓangare na na Trunks kuma a cikin ganye ganye
- Matakan sarrafawa: Dan takarar Sciences na Noma V.V. Dankov, mafi inganci a cikin yaƙi da ƙwanƙwasa sandthorn yana ɗaukar fesawa a farkon farawar Chlorophos 0.4-0.6%.
Buckthorn teku na tashi
An dauki kwaro mafi haɗarin kwaro na buckthorn na teku, wanda yake da ikon lalata amfanin gona gaba ɗaya. Rarraba cikin Altai. Jirgin sama yana farawa a cikin rabin na biyu na Yuni kuma zai ci gaba har zuwa tsakiyar watan Agusta. Kwaro larvae ƙyanƙyashe mako guda bayan masonry, kai tushen a cikin 'ya'yan itace da abinci a kan jikinsu. Berries ji ƙyama, yi duhu da kuma fada. Makonni uku baya, larvae bar a cikin ƙasa. A can suke pupate da hunturu.
- Matakan sarrafawa: Masana sunyi la'akari da fesawa a tsakiyar watan Yuli 0.2% chlorophos a matsayin babbar hanyar sarrafawa
Kwakwalwar buckthorn aphid
Kwaro da larvae lalacewar teku buckthorn ganye. Tekun buckthorn aphids hunturu a cikin kwai matakin kusa da kodan. A lokacin budding, haske kore larvae tsotse fitar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga matasa ganye, sa'an nan kuma, bayan ganye Bloom, shirya su underside. Mazaje mata baƙi suna ba da sabon yanki na mazauna aphid. Ya lalace ganye da wuri yayi launin rawaya, curl ya faɗi.
- Matakan sarrafawa: Masana sun ba da shawarar a cikin yanayin lambun mutum don amfani da broths da infusions na dankalin turawa da ganyen tumatir, ganyen taba, albasa da kwararan fitila a cikin yaƙi da aphids kuma ƙara sabulu mai wanki ga mafita.A matsayin hanyar sarrafa sinadarai, feshi a lokaci na ganye da aka shuka tare da 10% malathion ana bada shawarar.
Tekun Buckthorn Gall Mite
Lalacewa teku buckthorn ganye. Winters a cikin sinuses na kodan. Wannan ɗan ƙaramin kwaro ne mai launin fari mai launin fari, kuma zaka iya ganin shi ƙarƙashin gilashin ƙara girman. A lokacin yuwuwa, ticks na tsotse ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga ganyen matasa, sannan kuma daga fure. A ganye an kafa lebur swellings - galls. Lalacewa, ganye maras kyau ya fadi da wuri.
- Matakan sarrafawa: iri ɗaya ne tare da aphids na teku buckthorn.
Buckthorn teku Ke Anke KreuzerRuwan buckthorn cututtuka
Ruwan tsinkaye
Mafi haɗarin cutar fungal na teku buckthorn. Rarraba a duk yankuna na namo. Masana sun gano cewa pathogen clogs da conductive teku buckthorn tsarin, kuma shuka ya mutu. A cikin tsire-tsire da abin ya shafa, a kan daban ko a duk rassan, ganye suna juya rawaya kuma su faɗi a cikin watan Agusta, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, bayyana a kan haushi, sannan kuma kumbura. Tsire-tsire suna mutuwa da sauri, a zahiri na gaba shekara.
- Matakan sarrafawa: A halin yanzu, wannan cutar ba ta da magani, kuma ba a sami matakan kulawa ba. Masana sun ba da shawarar girke-girke na girbi don haifuwa daga buckthorn teku tare da alamun cutar, da tono tsire-tsire waɗanda abin ya shafa, ƙone su kuma kada ku dasa buckthorn teku a wannan wuri na shekaru.
'Yan lambu masu son riga sun riga sun nuna godiya ga buckthorn teku kuma suna murna da shi cikin al'adun. A cikin kwanannan da suka gabata, ɗan ƙaramin sananniyar da aka sani da ƙarfi ya zama ɗayan mafi kyawun tsire-tsire masu kyau.
