Perennial astilbe, a lokacin bazara don farantawa ido kamar dumin-launuka masu launuka iri-iri da ke yawo a cikin ciyawar, ya kasance cike da mazaunan gidajen katako, lambuna da wuraren shakatawa na kusan shekaru ɗari biyu. A tsawon lokacin da ake yin nazarin astilba da horarwa, iri, hotuna da kwatancin nau'ikan sun zama masu ban sha'awa da kuma isa ba kawai ga botanists ba, har ma ga talakawa masu son kayan ado na ornamental. A yau, ɗan asalin gabashin Hemisphere yana da daraja da ƙauna a Turai, Amurka kuma, ba shakka, a cikin Rasha.
Tsire-tsire masu amfani da ganyayyaki masu kaushi da ganyayyaki masu ƙyalƙyali da rashin tsoro mai ban tsoro na inflorescences suna yaduwa saboda yanayin kulawa, sanyi juriya da sauƙin haƙuri na inuwa, da yawa iri da kuma hybrids.
Akwai nau'ikan zane-zane iri-iri a duniya a duniya, amma nau'ikan Far Eastern da Arewacin Amurka sunyi mafi girma "gudummawa" don haɓaka aikin tsiro.
Ya danganta da nau'in da iri iri, shukawar astilbe na iya kaiwa tsayin 15 cm zuwa 2 mita. Bugu da kari, nau'ikan zamani sun sha bamban sosai:
- siffar ganye basal zaune a kan dogon sanduna;
- girman da bayyanar inflorescences;
- tsarin da canza launin kananan furanni.
Paniculate inflorescences a saman fi mai tushe bayyana a Yuli, kuma fure ƙare kusa da kaka, tare da kowane peduncle riƙe decorativeness don rikodin kwanaki 20-35. Siffar inflorescences ya bambanta kuma yana iya firgita, pyramidal, drooping ko kama da rhombus.
Iri astilbe da waɗanda suka kafa tushen ta
Irin wannan bambance bambancen gatanci ne ba kawai na yanayi ba, wanda ya bude nau'ikan astilbe daban-daban, har ma da masu shayarwa. Don samun tsire-tsire masu fure mai tsananin ban sha'awa waɗanda ke ƙawata lambuna, ana amfani da yawancin nau'ikan:
- Jafananci
- Sinanci
- Dauda;
- Thunberg;
- duk ganye.
Nau'in nau'ikan astilbe na farko, wanda ya saba da hotuna da kwatancen masanan furannin yau, an samo shi ne a karni na 19. Farkon mai sha'awar al'adu da al'adu shine ɗan asalin ƙasar Faransa E. Lemoine. Misali game da aikin kiwo shi ne farin astilbe iri daban-daban Mont Blanc.
Astilba Mont Blanc wani tsiro ne mai matsakaiciyar furanni tare da farin pyramidal inflorescences daga 15 zuwa 20 santimita tsawo. Tsawon daji ya kai santimita 60. A lokaci guda, filayen furanni suna tashi kimanin 20 cm sama da kyakkyawan fure mai launin shuɗi-kore Farkon fure yana faruwa a ƙarshen Yuli, da ƙarshen - a cikin rabin na biyu na watan Agusta.
Duk da gagarumar gudummawa ga ci gaban al'adu, Ba a la'akari da Baƙon Faransa a matsayin mutumin da Astilba ta bi ta "kyakkyawar aiki". An amince da Georg Arends a matsayin mahaifin tushen al'adu. Wannan masanin kimiyyar na Jamusawa kuma masanin halitta ya kirkiro wasu ire-irensu, a zahiri suna bayyana kyakkyawa ta astilbe ga duk duniya. A matsayin alamar girmamawa ga fa'idodin Arends, ire-irensa sun haɗu a cikin babban rukuni mai suna bayan mahalicci kuma a yau ya zama nau'i na daidaituwa.
Astilbe Dauda (A. Davidii)
Wannan nau'in astilbe ne da ke fitowa daga arewa maso yamma ta China, kuma wani bangare daga Mongolia, Arends ana amfani da shi wajen aikin zaɓi. Tsirrai da ciyayi masu tsayi sun isa. Peduncles ya kai tsawo na 150 cm, kuma ganyen kore mai haske tare da petioles launin ruwan kasa da jijiyoyin tsakiya sun yi ƙasa da ƙasa. Filayen ganye na fulawa suna da matukar kyau, amma yayin da inflorescences pyramidal inflorescences suka bayyana a saman su a farkon watan Agusta, babu ma'akatar gona da zai iya tsayayya da farawar shuka! Tsawon fulawa mai ƙwanƙwasa daga 30 zuwa 40 cm, a cikin furanni yanayin launi na lilac-patrimonial yana gudana.
An horar da wannan nau'in astilbe fiye da karni ɗaya a cikin lambuna a duniya, amma shahararrun ƙwayoyin halittar Arends da aka ba su.
Astilbe Arends (A. Arendsii Hybrida)
Babban abin wakiltar al'umma shine Rock da Roll Astreba Arends tare da kyawawan furanni masu launin furanni, ganye mai ganye da ke zaune akan farar fata mai launin shuɗi, dogo mai fure da ƙananan kwari. Kamar yadda za'a iya gani daga hoto da bayanin nau'ikan, astilba ta riƙe sifofin halittar ta.
Guda iri ɗaya ne a cikin jinsin ƙabilar Arends. Abubuwa na yau da kullun sune halayen waɗannan tsirrai:
- tsayi tsakanin 100 cm;
- nisa daga cikin daji daji na na fata ko na siffar yadawa ya kai 70 cm;
- hadaddun, serrated gefen gefen kuma akai-akai disseed ganye suna da santsi, wani lokacin m surface da duhu koren launi;
- karami, kamar yadda yake a cikin dukkan nau'ikan astilbe, ana iya fentin furanni a duk inuwar fararen fata, lilac, ruwan hoda ko shunayya kuma aka tattara su cikin manyan bayanan manya;
- fure yana faruwa ne a watan Yuli da Agusta, yana ƙarewa daga makonni huɗu zuwa shida.
Astilba Arends ta haɗu da ɗimbin dozin biyu masu kyan gani da kuma sanannun nau'ikan lambu.
Astilba Amethyst kyakkyawar dutse ce ta tarin. Amethyst an yi niyya don rukuni ne da kuma dasa inuwa mai dasa shuki. Tsire-tsire masu tsayi kusan 80 cm suna da kyau a bango kuma suna iya taka rawa babba a cikin gadon filawa tsakanin hostan girma, ferns da sauran kayan lambu. An bambanta bambancin ta hanyar haske mai santsi mai haske tare da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi da m inficrescences, ya kai tsawon 30 cm.
Furannun furannin Lilac mai haske, suna barin goge mai haske, kamar amethyst na gaskiya, ƙirƙirar taro mai launuka iri iri, masu haske da lilac. Furen astilbe yana farawa a watan Yuli kuma ya kasance har tsawon wata guda.
Furannin astilbe Nemo ko Nemo suna da launi mai cikakken launi fiye da nau'ikan da suka gabata, kuma suna buɗe mako daya ko biyu daga baya. Pinkawataccen ruwan hoda tare da lilac shimmer mai haske mai goge alama suna haskaka ƙaƙƙarfan inuwa na lambu, inda wannan shuka zai ji dadi sosai. Tsawon daji ya kai 75 cm, kuma ganyen ganye na ado iri-iri ana zanen su a sautin kore mai zurfi.
White Astilbe Diamond sun fi ta 'yar'uwa mata girma. Yandajin sa a tsakiyar ciyayi ya kai tsayin cm 90. Furanni masu nunannun furanni wadanda suke yin fure mai dumbin yawa suna bayyana a farkon shekarun Yuli kuma sun bushe kawai a ƙarshen watan. Godiya ga 30-centimita inflorescences inflorescences, Tsarin sararin samaniya mai tarin yawa yana da kyau a cikin duka fure da yanke. Haske bar tare da launin ruwan kasa jagged ƙare daidai tint da milky farin furanni.
Wani sabon salo mai hade tsakanin Arends astilbe shine Radius cultivar tare da kyawawan furanni masu launin furanni waɗanda suke kwance santimita ƙananan sutimita 30 santimita. Wani sabon abu mai kama da tsire-tsire shine furen ganye mai haske wanda yake bayyana a cikin bazara daga karkashin dusar ƙanƙara. Daga nan sai ganyen suka fara samun haske na duhu, kuma, a rabi na biyu na watan Yuli, dubunnan furanni masu launin shuɗi na Radius astilbe suna buɗe saman su.
Iri iri-iri na astilbe da fararen furanni suna kama sabo ne. Tare da furanni, suna "haskakawa" mafi ɓoye, sasanninta na inuwa. Babu wata togiya - astilba fari Gloria 80 santimita mai tsayi tare da inflorescences lu'u-lu'u masu girman kai har zuwa santimita 20. Yawan farin duniya shine ake kira White Gloria a cikin watan Yuli wanda zai daure daga makwanni uku zuwa biyar.
Furen ruwan hoda mai laushi ko kuma tare da tirin salmon mai haske, furanni na astilbe Anita Pfeiffer suna buɗe kusa da Agusta. Atearshen fure mai fure, kamar danginsa na kusanci, ba ya wuce mita a tsawo. Astilba Anita Pfeifer ta samar da ciyawar daji iri-iri na ciyawar fure a akai. Lokacin da lokaci ya yi don fure, launin ruwan kasa ko shinge masu launin shuɗi suna bayyana akan furen kore, an yi masa kambi tare da ƙyalƙyali.
Shahararrun tauraron tauraron dan adam Setra Teresa ko 'yar'uwar Theresa a lokacin fure tana haifar da sakamako mai kauri mai saurin nuna kyan gani wanda ya mamaye wani yanayin da yake cike da kayan kore. A iri da fasalin yana da yawa sosai lush, light inflorescences na wani haske ruwan hoda haske.
Kodayake an samo nau'ikan farkon nau'ikan astilbe kusan shekaru 200 da suka wuce, botanists har yanzu basu iya zuwa yarjejeniya akan rarrabasu ba. Fiye da iri 50 yanzu an rarrabe su azaman hybrids kuma ana iya sanya su ga jinsuna daban-daban ko al'ummomin maza da mata.
Don girma a cikin inuwa m, Astilba America zaɓi ne mai kyau tare da haske mai sauƙi na lilac mai yawa na inflorescences. Tsawon kuta na astilbe Amurka bai wuce 70 cm ba, amma har ma da irin wannan karamin girman don al'adar, wannan nau'in ba za a iya yin watsi da shi ba.
Wani fasali na nau'ikan Betsy Cooperus shine budewa, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun launuka masu fasalin siffar drooping. Haske mai haske ko kusan fararen furannin Betsy Cuperus sun riƙe tasirin adonsu har zuwa kwanaki 25-30.
Daga cikin nau'ikan furannin da aka fi so shine furannin Gloria Purpurea tare da furanni masu ruwan hoda ko kuma furannin Lilac. Tsarin fure har zuwa santimita 70 wanda aka bambanta shi da ƙirar lu'u-lu'u mai ƙyalƙyali da ƙwaya mai launin toka tare da launin ruwan kasa ko launin shuɗi. Duk da cewa astilbe Gloria Purpurea na fure a jikin wasu 'yan makonni kadan kasa da sauran nau'ikan, yana da wahala a same ta daidai da girmanta da kuma hasken inflorescences.
Masu sha'awar furanni masu launin dusar ƙanƙara-farin za su yaba da nau'ikan Kohn Albert tare da sako-sako da, manyan inflorescences da duhu furen ganye.
Astilbe Thunberg (A.
Kodayake ana samo hoton astunbe na Thunberg a yanayi kawai a cikin karamin yanki daga tsibirin Kuril na Rasha zuwa Japan, an dade ana jin daɗin wannan gandun daji da masu kaunar al'adun gargajiyar. Samfuran daji na wannan nau'in ba su wuce 80 cm ba ga tsawo, mafi yawan abin da ke faruwa a cikin mai tushe tare da inflorescences apical wanda ke bayyana a tsakiyar bazara. Manyan fulawa masu zurfin dindindin da santimita 25 suna da siyar da launi, kuma fararen furanni suna fitowa da ƙanshin haske mai ƙanshi.
A karo na farko, an shuka tsire-tsire na wannan nau'in a cikin lambun a cikin kwata na karshe na ƙarni na 19. Tun daga wannan lokacin, Thunberg astilbe yana daya daga cikin masoyan al'adun da aka fi so. Mafi kyawun halitta da ban mamaki inflorescences kama a cikin m inuwa da kuma kusa da ruwa, inda astilbe ƙaunar zauna a cikin yanayi.
Hyunda Hyunda (A. Thunbergii Hybrida)
Godiya ga wannan nau'in astilbe, an haife tsohuwar iri da iri waɗanda suka shahara tare da lambu mai son shekaru da yawa.
Astilbe Farfesa Van der Vilen tare da furanni masu launin fari-fari akan fararen launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi suna da sha'awar gaske. Tsawon wannan nau'in ya kai cm 90-150. Tsawon tsefewar rigakafin tsefe zuwa 45 cm zai dace da girman daji. Lokacin ruwa yana farawa a watan Yuli.
Furen fure mai haske na astilbe Straussenfeder yana jan hankalin ido ba wai kawai ta kyakkyawar siffar da girman inflorescences ba, amma da farko ta hanyar murjani mai launi iri daban-daban. Tsire-tsire na Straussenfeder cultivar sun girma zuwa 80-100 cm, fure a ƙarshen Yuli kuma za su yi ado da inuwa mai ban tsoro na lambun da sasanninta ƙarƙashin rana mai warwatse.
Wani nau'in Thunberg astilbe Red Charm ya buge tare da wadataccen ruwan hoda-shuɗi mai launin shuɗi da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Akwai wuri don irin wannan nau'in haske mai haske a tsakiyar wata gonar fure mai faɗi ko ƙarƙashin rawanin bishiyoyi, inda astilbe Red Charm ba zai fusata da hasken rana kai tsaye ba.
Yaren mutanen Astilba (A. Koreana)
Ba abin mamaki bane cewa asalin 'yan asalin astilbe a Koriya, China da Japan an basu sunayen da suka dace da ƙasarsu. A arewa maso gabas na PRC da kuma Koriya ta Koriya, sararin samaniyar Koriya wanda ke da tsaka-tsaki mai tsayi a tsakanin cm 50 zuwa 60. Daga cikin sauran tsirrai, ana nuna banbancin launin ruwan toka mai tushe da kuma gefen ganyayyaki. Inflorescences a cikin nau'i na lokacin farin ciki drooping panicles sun hada da farin-cream ko furanni ruwan hoda.
Astilba na kasar Sin (A. chinensis)
Asalin Sinanci ya fi na Koriya yawa. Gashi mai tushe ya kai tsayin mita 1, kadan a kasa da ganye mai tsananin yaduwar ganye a dogo mai tsayi. Tari a cikin wannan nau'in tsiron yana nan ne kawai a kan jijiyoyin kuma gefen gefen ganye. Babban launi na ƙananan furanni shine ruwan hoda, fari ko Lilac. Furen an tattara furanni kuma tsattsauran ra'ayi mai yawa har zuwa 35 cm. Astilbe na kasar Sin ya kasance daga zuriyar marigayi, ana iya yin furanni da shi daga rabin na biyu na watan Agusta.
Astilba Jafananci (A. Japonica)
Jafananci astilba wani nau'i ne na tauraruwa tsakanin ɗimbin al'adun gargajiyar wannan al'ada. A kan tushensa, da yawa nau'ikan asali da kuma nau'ikan halittu masu rikitarwa.
Wide, yaduwar tsiro na shuka a tsayinsa ya kai santimita 60-80. Furannin furanni masu kamshi, kamar ciyayi mai santsi, ana ɗaukar su akan m mai tushe. Farin launuka masu launin fari ko ruwan hoda sun mamaye yanayi, amma godiya ga aikin shayarwa, nau'ikan zamani na astlanbe na Japan suna ba da 30-centimita inflorescences na lilac, purple da rasberi launuka.
Kayan Jafananci (A. Japonica Hybrida)
Mafi yawan orts da kuma hybrids samu kan wannan nau'in ana halin compactness, ƙawar fure, kasancewar ganye mai haske da farkon bayyanuwar furanni. G. Arends shine asalin halittar farkon tsire-tsire na wannan rukunin, saboda haka wani lokaci ana yin wasu nau'ikan a Arends astilbe.
Smallaramin abu ne, onlyan cm 45 cm Astilba Bremen kawai ya dace da dasa shuki a cikin lambu ko girma a cikin al'adun tukunya. Karamin daji na Bremen cultivar tare da asalin duhu mai duhu da ruwan hoda mai tsayi har zuwa 15 cm tsayi ba zai bar kowane irin mai girbi ba.
Gladstone astilbe ya fi girma fiye da na baya tare da fararen furanni masu arziki da aka tara a cikin siffofin siffofin ƙwayar Gladstone kawai.
Ofaya daga cikin haske a cikin nau'in jinsin Jafananci shine astilba Montgomery, sama da santimita 60. Tsire-tsire masu marmari tare da sabon abu mai launin shuɗi a cikin rabin na biyu na Yuli ana yin haske tare da fitilun duhu mai duhu na inflorescences mai yawa. Furen fure na astrabe na kasar Japan Montgomery yana da makonni biyu, amma har a wannan lokacin yana kulawa don barin ra'ayi mai dorewa.
Haske yafi Montgomery na Japan, 'yar uwarta "a cikin rukuni shine Astilba iri daban-daban Red Sentinel game da tsinkita mita kuma tare da inflorescences mai launin shuɗi-ja akan kyawawan launuka masu kusan iri ɗaya. Ganyen wannan nau'in shima yana da ja launin shuɗi. Red Sentinel inflorescences ne mai yawa, kunkuntar, kuma fitowar su tana faruwa ne a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na Yuli.
Peach Blossom astilbe iri-iri, mai suna bayan fure na bishiyoyi peach, suna rayuwa har zuwa sunanta. Brownish-kore mai tushe na shuka a farkon Yuli an rufe shi da ƙoshin ruwan hoda mai laushi, inuwa da ɗanɗano mai kama da filawar ruwan peach. A lokaci guda, ciyawar daji ta Peach Blossom tayi kadan. Tsayinsa bai wuce 60 cm ba, kuma tsawon inflorescence shine santimita 15.
