Cotoneaster (Cotoneaster) ya kasance na dangin ruwan hoda, kuma bishiyoyi masu ƙoshin kaji da ƙananan bishiyoyi masu ƙarancin girma ko ƙananan bishiyoyi suna wakilta. Swiss K. Baugin na Switzerland ne ya kira shi, wanda ya kasance botanist, ya haɗa sunan daga kalmomin Girka biyu "cotonea" - "Quince" da "aster" - "suna kama." Dankin ya karɓi wannan sunan saboda gaskiyar cewa nau'ikan cotoneaster guda ɗaya suna da faranti na ganye waɗanda suke da kama da ɗanɗano da ke cikin 'ya'yan itace. Wannan nau’in halittar ya hada kabilu sama da 100, iri iri. Ana samun irin waɗannan tsire-tsire a cikin yanayi a Eurasia da Arewacin Afirka. 'Yan lambu da basu da kwarewa suna tunanin cewa cotoneaster da dogwood iri daya ne tsire-tsire. Kuma a ƙarshe, suna dasa cozalaster don 'ya'yan itatuwa masu daɗi, amma ba za su jira daga gare ta ba. Waɗannan tsire-tsire ne kawai kusan ɗan kama da suna, amma in ba haka ba sun bambanta sosai, har ma suna cikin iyalai daban-daban. Mai sautin muryar waje yana kama da ƙaramin apple, kuma ba shi yiwuwa a ci. Dogwood yana da 'ya'yan itace masu daɗi da ƙanshi. Cotoneaster yana da mahimmanci a cikin cewa yana da kyakkyawan kyan gani, sabili da haka zai iya zama kayan ado da suka cancanci kowane lambu.
Fasali na Cotoneaster
Wannan ciyawar, dangane da nau'in halittar, na iya zama mai dazuzzuka ko ƙyalli. Yawancin bishiyoyi masu sautin katako suna da kyawawan bishiyoyi, waɗanda galibi ana amfani da su don gyara tituna. A cikin birane, galibi kuna iya haɗuwa da shinge daga irin wannan shuka. Simpleanan ƙaramin faranti masu ƙananan ƙananan shimfidar ganye cikakke ne kuma suna da sifofi marasa ma'ana. A lokacin rani, suna da launin koren duhu mai duhu, kuma a cikin kaka suna canza launi zuwa launuka daban-daban na ja. Flowersanan furanni fari fari ko ruwan hoda. Zasu iya zama ɗaya ko zama ɗayan inflorescences, suna da nau'i na buroshi ko garkuwa. 'Ya'yan itãcen tsire-tsire ƙanana ne kuma suna da launin baƙi ko ja. Wannan ciyawar mai matukar saurin shuka za a iya girma a cikin wannan wurin na kimanin shekaru 50, kuma a wasu lokuta kuma ya fi tsayi. Kimanin nau'ikan 40 na irin wannan shuka ana shuka su ne, amma ban da su, yawancin nau'ikan da nau'ikan cotoneaster har yanzu suna girma. Mafi mashahuri sune cotoneaster: duka, mai haske da kuma aronia, waɗanda suke da tsaurin sanyi sosai. Amateurs lambu kamar wannan shuka domin shi undemanding a cikin kulawa da unpretentious. Gardenerswararrun masanan lambu galibi suna amfani da wannan shukar don ƙirƙirar shinge.
Cotoneaster saukowa
Wani lokaci don shuka
Kusan duk nau'ikan irin waɗannan tsire-tsire ana bada shawarar a dasa su a cikin ƙasa buɗe a cikin bazara. A wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar jira har sai ƙasa ta yi sanyi sosai, amma koda kodan bai kamata ya fara buɗewa ba. Hakanan, ana iya dasa irin wannan shuki a cikin kaka, kuma kuna buƙatar yin wannan bayan faɗuwar ganye mai ɗorewa, amma kafin lokacin sanyi ya fara. A cikin kaka, alal misali, ana bada shawarar dasa cozalaster aronia da haske. Irin wannan shuka ana iya shuka shi cikin kwanciyar hankali a wurare masu duhu, yayin da zai yi matukar kyan gani. Amma idan aka dasa daji a wani yanki mai cike da hasken wuta, to hakan zai iya isa ga kololuwar kayan kwalliyar sa. Abin da ƙasa mai inganci don sautinaster ba shi da mahimmanci. Gardenerswararrun lambu suna ba da shawara don zuba cakuda ƙasa mai dacewa kai tsaye a cikin ramin dasa.
Yadda ake shuka
Girman girma fossa a karkashin wannan shuka ya zama santimita 50x50x50. Ya kamata a shimfiɗa santin ruwa mai santimita 20 santimita a ƙasan, kuma saboda wannan ana bada shawara don amfani da tubalin da aka fashe ko kuma tsakuwa. A samansa, kuna buƙatar cika shi tare da cakuda ƙasa wanda ya ƙunshi yashi, peat, humus da ƙasa sod, wanda dole ne a ɗauka a cikin rabo na 1: 1: 1: 2. Idan za ta yiwu, ana bada shawarar zuba daga 200 zuwa 300 grams na lemun tsami a sakamakon cakuda ƙasa. Lokacin zabar wani wuri don dasawa, ya kamata a ɗauka a hankali cewa yakamata a sami nisa tsakanin mita 0,5 zuwa 2 daga cotoneaster zuwa itaciya ta gaba, shuki ko tsari. Nesa na ƙarshe a wannan yanayin ya dogara da ƙimar kambi na ɗan itacen da ya girma. A lokacin da dasa shuki seedling, ya kamata ka kula da gaskiyar cewa tushen wuyansa ya kamata ya kasance daidai da matakin ƙasa. Lokacin da aka gama dasa shuki, dole ne a haɗa ƙasa sosai, kuma an shuka shayar da shuka. Lokacin da ruwa ya shiga cikin ƙasa, an rufe farfajiyar akwatin akwati mai cike da santimita takwas na ciyawa (peat). Idan an ƙirƙiri shinge daga ƙyalli mai saurin murdawa, to don dasa shuki ana bada shawarar yin ramuka maimakon rami.
Kulawar Cotoneaster
Babu wani abu mai rikitarwa a cikin shuka da haɓaka sautikan. A lokaci guda, mawuyacin yanayi a lokacin da aka shuka wannan shukar ta faru da wuya, kuma ana iya warware su cikin sauƙi. Abu mafi mahimmanci da kowane ɗan lambu yake buƙatar sani shine cewa irin wannan shuka yana jujjuya mummunar cutar ta ruwa a cikin tushen saiti. Sauran abubuwanda zasu haifarda cutarwa bazai cutar dashi ba. Watering wannan shuka ba a bukatar da kõme har ma a cikin dogon m da sultry zamani. Idan babu ruwan sama a cikin tsawon lokacin bazara, to lallai ne ya kamata ku shayar da mai sautin, kuma kuna buƙatar yin wannan sau ɗaya a kowane rabin wata, tare da lita 70 zuwa 80 na ruwa yana barin daji girma. Bayan ruwan sama ya shude ko kuma an sha yin ruwa, ya zama dole a sako ciyawar kuma a kwance farfajiyar kasar a karkashinta zuwa zurfin santimita 10 zuwa 15. Ya kamata a tuna cewa ganyen bishiyar ya kamata a wanke shi da tsari tare da rafi na ruwa, musamman idan ana amfani da irin wannan shinge daga muryar mai haske maimakon shinge da zai wuce titin da yake aiki.
Manyan miya
Bayan kwanakin bazara na farko masu zuwa, kuna buƙatar takin daji tare da takin mai-nitrogen. A saboda wannan, zaka iya amfani da maganin urea (10 grams na ruwa 25 gram na abu) ko granules na tsawan lokaci na Kemira ta duniya. Kafin fure, tsire-tsire suna buƙatar ciyar da superphosphate (60 g da 1 m2) da potassium (15 g da 1 m2) Lokacin da kakar ta ƙare, farfajiyar da'irar gangar jikin zata buƙaci rufe ta da ciyawa (peat).
Yankin Murya
Irin wannan shuka yana da halayyar kwarai da gaske game da pruning. Gardenerswararrun lambu da masu zanen kaya suna ƙirƙirar siffofi iri-iri daga bushes, alal misali, gidajen kurkuku, cones, hemispheres, da dai sauransu. Ya kamata a tuna cewa tushe na shekara ana iya yanke shi kawai 1/3 na haɓaka. Don inganta muryar muryar mai amfani, ba buƙatar kayan aiki kawai ba, har ma da ƙwarewa da ilimi. Otsan ganye suna girma bayan haɓakawa suna da ikon kiyaye siffar su. Har ila yau ana yin datsa irin wannan bishiyoyi don dalilai na tsabta, yayin da wadancan rassan da suka ji rauni, tsofaffi, cutar ta shafa, ko kuma bayar da tasu gudummawa ga kambin dole ne a yanke. A tsawon shekaru, akwai buƙatar rigakafin tsufa. Za'a iya aiwatar da aski mai tsabta a kowane ɗayan watanni. A wannan yanayin, pruning domin samar da kambi ko sabunta daji ya kamata a da za'ayi a farkon spring, yayin da buds ba tukuna fara bude.
Cutar da kwari
Wannan inji mai matukar tsayayya wa cututtuka da kwari. Koyaya, quite wuya, apple aphids iya shirya a kan ƙananan farfajiya na ganye. A cikin samfuran kamuwa da cuta, farantin ganye na zama alagammana, kuma mai tushe yana tanƙwara ya bushe. Tsutsotsi masu kwari ko mites kuma zasu iya warwarewa a kan sautinaster. Don kawar da irin waɗannan kwari, zaku iya amfani da kayan ado da aka yi daga taba, shag ko yarrow. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da kwari mai ƙarfi. Cotoneaster fiye da sauran cututtuka ba shi da lafiya tare da fusarium. Don warkewarta shukar, ya zama dole don yanke sassan abin da ya shafa na shuka zuwa nama mai lafiya, sannan a bi da shi tare da wakili na fungicidal.
Haɓakar Cotoneaster
Za'a iya yada nau'ikan nau'ikan irin waɗannan tsire-tsire a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban. Wadanda suke so su girma wannan shukar daga zuriya suyi la'akari da cewa zuriyarta suna da matsanancin ƙwayoyi, sabili da haka ya kamata a shuka su tare da ajiyar. Za'ayi shuka kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa a gabanin hunturu. Kafin bazara, da tsaba za su iya sha wahala na asali a cikin ƙasa. Seedlings ya kamata bayyana tare da farko na bazara. Wannan shuka za'a iya yada shi ta hanyar yanka, rarraba daji da saka filayen.
Yadda ake girma daga zuriya
Da farko kuna buƙatar tattara 'ya'yan itaciyar shuka ku jira har sai sun faɗi kaɗan, a wannan yanayin ɓangaren litattafan almara na iya kasancewa cikin sauƙin rabu da zuriya. Yayan da aka fitar dashi ya kamata a wanke su da ruwa mai tsabta. Sannan an saka su a cikin gilashin gilashi cike da ruwa. Waɗanda za su ci gaba da zama a ƙasa, za a iya jefa su lafiya. Don shuka, ya kamata ka yi amfani da waɗanda suka nutse zuwa ƙarshen tanki. Sa'an nan kuma dole ne a hade tsaba tare da peat da yashi, da cakuda sakamakon da aka sanya a cikin kwalaye. Bayan haka, ana ajiye akwatunan don ajiya har zuwa farkon lokacin bazara a wani wuri inda zazzabi sama zai kasance da kusan digiri 0. Sabili da haka, ana iya ɗaukar tsaba, kuma a cikin bazara za su buƙaci a dasa su a cikin ƙasa bude. Amma a lokaci guda, yana da daraja la'akari da cewa ko da an yi aikin da aka yi daidai ba garantin bane cewa tsaba zasu yi toho.
Yankan
Lokacin da aka daidaita daji na murfin muryar mai haske, za a sami ganyaye da yawa da za'a iya kafe. Koyaya, lokacin da ya dace da yankan itace shine Yuni. Dole a riƙa jita-jita da shirye-shiryen cutan na tsawon awanni 24 a cikin akwati cike da maganin samfurin da ke motsa tushen samuwar. Sannan ya kamata a dasa su a kan wani gado da aka shirya a wani kusurwa na digiri 45. Soilasa ta zama sako-sako da haske, kuma ta ƙunshi peat da yashi. Sannan wajibi ne don ba da ruwa tare da bushewar ruwa mai laushi, kuma ku rufe su da babban kwalban filastik, wanda yakamata a yanke wuya a farko. A rana mai zafi, mai sautin ringin zai iya fara waka, kuma domin hana faruwar hakan, yakamata a cire mafaka ta kwana guda. Ana iya yin ruwa ba tare da tsabtace tsari ba. A farkon lokacin bazara na gaba, yan itace zasu ba da tushe, kuma ana iya dasa su a cikin dindindin.
Yadda ake yaduwar Layering
Wannan hanya ta haihuwa ana yawan amfani da ita ne ga nau'in murfin ƙasa, alal misali, a kwance muryar maɗaukakiya ko creeping. A cikin wadannan nau'in, mai tushe suna kusa da kusan ƙasan ƙasa ko taɓa shi. Zaɓi ƙananan mai tushe kuma gyara su a farfajiyar ƙasa tare da ƙugiya ko ƙusoshin ƙarfe da aka yi da ƙarfe. Don haka dole ne a yafa wurin dutsen ta amfani da humus. Tare da farko na bazara mai zuwa, za a iya raba tushen yadudduka daga mahaifar daji kuma a dasa shi zuwa wurin dindindin. Wannan hanyar haifuwa ita ce mafi sauki da inganci.
Yadda ake yaduwa ta hanyar rarraba daji
Adult, overgrown bushes su ne yiwuwa a raba zuwa sassa da dama. A sakamakon delenki za a iya kafe. An bambanta wannan hanyar ta hanzartawa da ƙarfin aiki sosai. Kuna iya raba daji a bazara ko kaka, yayin da delenki ya kamata a dasa nan da nan a cikin dindindin.
Cotoneaster a cikin hunturu
Fadowa
Kusan dukkanin nau'ikan saututtuka suna bayyana ta juriya na sanyi kuma suna iya rayuwa cikin hunturu cikin sauki ba tare da dumama ba. Koyaya, da'irar kara-kusa dole ne a yayyafa shi da wani yanki na ciyawa (peat). A cikin yanayin cewa akwai barazanar daskarewa na sautinaster, ana bada shawara don tanƙwara shi zuwa saman ƙasa kuma gyara shi a wannan matsayin. Sannan sai a jefa daji da ganyayyaki.
Cin nasara
Idan ana sa ran dusar ƙanƙara ko lokacin sanyi sosai, to za a iya rufe daji da ƙari tare da kayan rufewa ko kuma rassan spruce. Idan adadin dusar ƙanƙara ya faɗi, ana bada shawara don cire tsari. Za a buƙaci saukar da busassun Layer na dusar ƙanƙara. A tsakiyar layi, mai amfani da muryar wuta, mai amfani da kullun, aronia da haske, ya shahara sosai. Wadannan nau'ikan suna da halin juriya na hunturu sosai kuma suna iya jure tsananin sanyi ba tare da dumama ba.
Nau'in iri daban-daban na sautikan tare da hotuna da sunaye
Da ke ƙasa za a bayyana nau'ikan sautinaster waɗanda suka fi shahara tsakanin masu lambu.
Saya murriya
Garin haihuwarsa shine Gabashin Siberiya. Wannan ciyawar zata iya girma a cikin yanayi ko dai a cikin rukuni ko kuma gaba ɗaya. Wannan ciyawar data bushe tana da ciyawa mai yawa kuma tana girma. A tsayi, irin wannan shuka zai iya kai santimita 200. A farfajiya na matasa harbe akwai mai yawa pubescence. Tsawon faranti masu launin shudi mai duhu kusan 5 cm, yayin da suke elliptical a sifa kuma ana nuna su ga biri. Leaky inflorescences a cikin hanyar garkuwa ya ƙunshi furanni ruwan hoda. Fulawa yana farawa a watan Mayu ko Yuni kuma zai ɗauki tsawon makonni 4. Bayan fure, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari mai launin baƙi mai launin fata sun bayyana waɗanda ba su faɗi kafin farkon hunturu. Daji ya fara bada 'ya'ya tun yana dan shekara hudu. Ana amfani da wannan nau'in don ƙirƙirar shinge ko don yin ado da lawn da gefen. Nuna tun farkon karni na 19.
Murdidarshan Murrayda (Cotoneaster melanocarpus)
Ya dace da haɓaka a cikin tsakiyar latitude, saboda yana da isasshen haƙuri na hunturu. A cikin irin wannan sautin, ba kamar sauran nau'in halitta ba, ana iya cin 'ya'yan itacen. A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, ana samun wannan shukar a tsakiyar Asiya, Tsakiyar Turai, Caucasus da Arewacin China. Tsawon daji zai iya kaiwa santimita 200. A kan launin ruwan kasa-ja mai tushe 'ya'yan itace ne na launin baƙi. Tsawon faranti mai siffar-kwanonsa yakai kimanin santimita 4.5, yayin da gaban na gaba duhu duhu ne, kuma ɓangaren da ba daidai ba farin-kore ne. A saman ganyayyaki mai haske ne ko ƙyalli. Dankin ya fara bada 'ya'ya kowace shekara daga shekara biyar. Loose racemose inflorescences kunshi 5-12 furanni ruwan hoda. Fulawa tayi kimanin kwanaki 25. Irin wannan sanyi da jurewar fari. Kuma wannan ingantaccen tsire-tsire na zuma yana da itace, daga abin da ake yin bututu, canes, da dai sauransu .. Akwai nau'i na ado na laxiflora. Ya bambanta a cikin kwance daskping inflorescences da manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa idan aka kwatanta da asalin halitta. Noma tun 1829.
Saya murdiya
Ana iya samun wannan tsiran bishiyar karkashin yanayin yanayi daga Arewacin Caucasus zuwa jihohin Baltic akan tsaunin dutse, cikin sandstones da limestones. Irin wannan shuka ba da wuya ake noma shi ba. Daji zai iya kaiwa tsawon santimita 200. Yana da kambi mai zagaye. A farfajiya na matasa branched mai tushe akwai cottonly pubescence. Koyaya, a kan lokaci suna fallasa su. Tsawon faranti-dimbin launuka-faranti kusan 5 cm. Ta gaba suna da santsi mai duhu duhu koren launi, da kuma ba daidai ba gefen - launin toka-ji. Tushen inflorescences ya ƙunshi furanni 2-4 na launi mai haske-m. Girman daskararre 'ya'yan itace jan kusan 10 mm. Irin wannan shuka yana da tsayayya sosai ga sanyi, fari da gas. Nuna tun 1656.
Kakakin kwance sautin
Wannan ciyawar tana da alaƙa da nau'in buɗewa. Tsawon irin wannan tsiren bishiyoyi masu kusan santimita ɗari, yayin da kambihan a faɗin zai iya kaiwa santimita 150-200. Ana sanya tushe a cikin yadudduka, kamar tudun kifi. Faranti masu launin shuɗi mai launin fure, suna da nau'i mai zagaye, a cikin kaka suna canza launi zuwa launin ja. Whananan furanni masu launin shuɗi masu launin shuɗi suna buɗe a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Mayu. Fulawa tayi kamar kwana 20.Yawancin 'ya'yan itatuwa masu' yar gudanuwa suna bayyana akan daji, wanda zai cika cikakke a watan Satumba. A wasu halaye, ba su faɗuwa har sai lokacin bazara mai zuwa. Wannan nau'in yana buƙatar buƙatu na musamman akan inganci da abun da ke cikin ƙasa. Noma tun 1880. Akwai ma'aurata iri:
- Variegatus. Ya kai tsawo na 0.3 m, tare da kambi diamita na game da santimita 150. Takaddun faranti suna da farin tsiri a gefen.
- Perpusillis. Tsawon daji mai budewa ya kai mita 0.2, yayin da a nisan zai iya kaiwa mita 1. Sannu a hankali girma. Furen furanni masu launin shuɗi suna farawa a farkon lokacin bazara. 'Ya'yan itacen Scarlet sun girma a cikin kwanakin rani na ƙarshe. Faranti na ganye a cikin kaka suna canza launi zuwa burgundy.
Damma Dammeri (Damansara Dammeri)
Wannan shukar tayi kama da na kwance A karkashin yanayin yanayi, zaku iya haduwa a tsaunukan tsakiyar kasar Sin. Creeping mai tushe kusanci yana hulɗa da farfajiyar ƙasa, a wannan batun, tushen tushen su yana haifar da kullun. Ruwa mai tushe a cikin jirgin guda, yayin da suke tashi sama da santimita 20-30. Haka kuma, a cikin nisa suna iya girma har zuwa santimita 150. Plaanan faranti na fararen fata ne elliptical a siffar. A lokacin rani, su launin kore ne, kuma a cikin kaka suna da shunayya. Fentin furanni ana fentin su da launin ja. Berrieswanƙwasa da ruwan-murɗa na ja yana faruwa a watan Satumba, yayin da suke kan daji na dogon lokaci. Noma tun 1900. arian bambancin da suka shahara:
- Aichols. Yana da tsayi 0.6 m kuma yana da berries-ja berries.
- Coral kyakkyawa. Tsawon daji yakai kimanin 0.4 m. Manyan furanni ana fenti ja. Wannan inji ana halin mafi girman juriya na dukkan nau'ikan da suke samuwa a wannan tsari.
- Stockholm Tsawon daji kusan santimita ɗari ne. A launi na berries ne mai zurfi ja.
Cozalaster guga man (Cotoneaster adpressus)
Wannan ciyawar tana da ban sha'awa. A tsayin daka, ya kai kusan santimita 50, kuma nisan nisansa ya kai santimita ɗari. Gashi ana kara matsewa a kasa. Plaananann farantin ganye suna zagaye. A lokacin rani, sun zama shuɗi mara nauyi, kuma a cikin kaka suna cika ko launin ja mai duhu. A cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na bazara, yawancin adadin furanni masu ruwan hoda suna buɗe. Irin wannan shuka don hunturu dole ne a rufe shi.
'Yan lambu kuma sun girma cotoneaster: tartsatsi, Mupinsky, Holly, ƙananan-leaved, multiflorous, ruwan hoda, monochromatic, Henry, bubbly, Franche, goga.
