A cikin yaren florists, kararrawa sauti ba sabon abu ba - "Campanula". Wannan sunan ya fito daga kalmar Latin da Italiyanci "campana", wanda ke nufin "kararrawa". Wannan shi ne siffar bell nimbus. Wannan yana bayyana dalilin da yasa aka san shi a cikin ƙasar a karkashin wannan sunan, wanda aka kafa shi bisa hukuma a cikin tsarin notan na gida.
Duk cikin tarihi a Rasha, an yi wa karar ƙauna cikin ƙauna. Har yanzu an tabbatar da wannan ta hanyar sunaye masu ƙauna waɗanda aka yi amfani da su yayin ambaton Campanul a wurare daban-daban: m, kabeji, kararrawa, chenille ... Kuma, a cewar tsohon gaskatawa, ana ba wa mutum ringi ne kawai sau ɗaya a shekara - a daren sihiri a ranar hawan Ivan Kupala .
Bayanin
A cikin ƙaramin tsiro na ƙaramin renan itace, mai sau oran itace ko ƙaramin sikari na ƙananan ƙananan siffofin kai tsayin 5-150 cm. Ganyayyaki suna da tsari na yau da kullun, a cikin wasu nau'in ana gabatar dasu a cikin nau'i na rosette. Yawancin nau'ikan kararrawa suna da furanni masu ban tsoro, kuma a mafi yawan lokuta mafi karancin yanayi sune tsefewar launin fata, kuma akwai tsire-tsire wanda yanayin inflorescences bai da aure.
nau'in wannan tsire-tsire na iya bambanta a cikin corolla, wanda zai iya samun nau'ikan kashin kasusuwa, mai kararrawa, mai kamannin bakin ciki, mai siffar tubular-bell. Ationsarin bambance-bambancen da ba a sani ba sune shimfiɗaɗɗun fata da kusan kek-na gani;- a ƙarshen fure, 'ya'yan itacen sun cika a cikin akwati. Ya ƙunshi ƙananan ƙananan tsaba waɗanda ke riƙe germination na shekaru 4. Graaya daga cikin gram na nauyin lissafi ya zuwa tsaba 4,500;
- karrarawa na lambu sune tsire-tsire-tsire-rani, wanda aka tabbatar da ikonsu don adana ganye lokacin kaka. Ta wata ma'ana, karrarawa sun fara yin girma a lokacin zafin jiki na bazara a lokacin bazara na + digiri 5, kuma sauyawa zuwa yanayin da ke faruwa yana faruwa ne lokacin da farkon sanyi ya shiga.
nau'in wannan tsire-tsire na iya bambanta a cikin corolla, wanda zai iya samun nau'ikan kashin kasusuwa, mai kararrawa, mai kamannin bakin ciki, mai siffar tubular-bell. Ationsarin bambance-bambancen da ba a sani ba sune shimfiɗaɗɗun fata da kusan kek-na gani;Girma
Bisa manufa, perennial furanni karrarawa na iya girma akan kowace ƙasaKoyaya, a nan suna da nasu zaɓin. An ba da shawarar a dasa su a kan ƙasan da aka kula da su suna wadatarwa da ingantaccen magudanar ruwa, da samun tsaka tsaki ko ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfin alkaline tare da wadatar da abinci mai mahimmanci. Yawanci, ana shirya bututun magudanar ruwa ko bututu don magance matsalar magudanar ruwa. Dole ne a yi wannan tilas, tunda tururuwar danshi a cikin hunturu yana da mummunar mummunar tasirin shuka, tunda akwai haɗarin lalacewar tushen da daskarewa. Wanda ba a dacewa da girma karrarawa a gonaki sune wuraren da danshi ke tara ruwa bayan ruwan sama ko a lokacin dusar ƙanƙara.
Suna shirya wurin don dasa kararrawa a gaba: don wannan ya zama dole don tono ƙasa zuwa zurfin 30-40 cm kuma cire duk ciyawa;- babban yumbu da ƙasan loamy suna buƙatar yashi da peat. Ganin cewa a cikin irin wadannan yankuna akwai wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki, zaku iya iyakance kanku ga karamin adadin takin zamani;
- Ciyar da yakamata ya zama cikakke lokacin dasa shuki a kan kararrawa a cikin yashi da kuma yashi mai ɗauke da ƙaramin humus. Dole ne a hadasu da ƙasa mai turfy, peat, humus ko ƙasa kandami na silty;
- sabo peat da taki dole ne a cire su daga takin da ake amfani dasu, domin in ba haka ba zai iya tsokane ci gaban cututtukan fungal.
Suna shirya wurin don dasa kararrawa a gaba: don wannan ya zama dole don tono ƙasa zuwa zurfin 30-40 cm kuma cire duk ciyawa;Lokacin dasa shuki furanni na perennial na karrarawa, dole ne a ɗauka a zuciya cewa shuka zai iya girma da kyau a kansu kawai tare da tsaka tsaki kuma dan kadan alkaline amsawa.
- don dasa kararrawa na gemu da ƙyallen guda ɗaya, dole ne ku shirya wani wurin da ƙasa tare da ɗan ɗanɗanar acidic ya kamata ya mamaye;
- Duwatsu masu tsiro a cikin tsaunukan shudi, da mazauninsu wadanda suke da dutsen, za su ji daɗi a cikin wadatar ƙasa. Saboda haka, kafin fara shuka, ya zama dole a gabatar da karamin adadin lemun tsami a cikin kasar.
Dabbobi
Abubuwan da ke tattare da kararraki sun hada da nau'ikan halittu da yawa wadanda suka banbanta ba kawai cikin mazauna ba, har ma da sauran sifofi.
Bell Carpathian
Mafi yawanci ana samun wannan nau'in a kan tsauraran matakan kwanciyar hankali da kuma babban sashi na tsaunukan Turai. Daga haruffan ilimin ɗan adam yana da mahimmanci a bayyane fibrous whitish tushe. Dankin yana samar da mai tushe mai yawa daga 20 cm cm 20, yawanci suna da madaidaiciyar fuska, wanda aka suturta ta, saboda wacce daji ke samun sifofinta na sihiri. Ganyayyaki masu kamannin zuciya suna kan doyayen tsayi. Mafi girma - ganye na basal, kai tsawon 5 cm, ƙananan ganye da ke kan mai tushe.
Inflorescences suna girma kawai, suna da girma masu girma, suna kaiwa tsayi da faɗi na cm 3 Theaƙƙarfan launi shine shuɗi. Furen wannan nau'in kararrawa yana farawa a watan Yuni-farkon Yuli, amma tuni a tsakiyar watan Satumba ya fara bushewa. A duk tsawon lokacin, furanni suna riƙe da launi mai haske mai cike da haske. A lokacin daga Agusta zuwa Oktoba, tsaba fara ripen, wanda ya riƙe babban germination iya aiki (har zuwa 90%). Tare da bata lokaci a girbi, tsaba na iya yaduwa ta hanyar shuka kai.
Karin kararrawa
Wannan ra'ayi ya ci nasara. a cikin Inuwa, cakuda gandun daji. Matsakaicin al'ada shine Turai, Yammacin Siberiya, Afirka ta Arewa. Wannan inji sananne ga mutane da yawa kamar karrarawa na babban, boron, Goose wuya, ciwon makogwaro da itace, wanda za a iya bayyana ta ta warkad da kaddarorin, tun yana taimaka da ciwon makogwaro. Kuna iya yin salatin daga ganyayyaki da asalin wannan kararrawa, ana amfani da ganyen matasa a matsayin ƙari a cikin miya na kabeji.
Karar Campanul
Fiye da wuraren da aka fi so don haɓaka wannan nau'in sune duwatsun dutse na Turai. Ya kan girma a cikin gajeren gajeren abu mai rarrafewa, wanda a ciki aka kera mai kamar zaren 10-18 cm babba.Mambobi na zamani sukan zama kauri mai kauri. Halin halayyar ganye shine ganye mai haske. Furannin ƙwanƙwasa suna da fari da launin shuɗi, fara girma, ba wuce 1 cm a diamita, an gabatar da shi ta hanyar sako-sako da inflorescences. Lokacin ruwa yana farawa a tsakiyar watan Yuni kuma zai kasance har zuwa ƙarshen watan Agusta. A yayin dukkan aikin, ana nuna wadataccen fure da 'ya'yan itace. Sauki mai asali a sakamakon shuka iri. Karka rasa kwarjinin su sai lokacin kaka.
Ellararrawa ne mai ruwa-ruwa
Mafi sau da yawa, ana iya samun wannan shuka a cikin babba, gandun daji da kuma sassan subalpine na duwatsun Caucasus da Minan Asiya. Itace ne mai tsayi, wanda ya kai girman 60-100 cm, yana da adadi mai yawan goge goge wanda ke ƙawata tarko a cikin sashi na sama.
Furanni masu kima kadan kuma diamitarsu bata wuce 3 cm ba, na iya samun launuka daban-daban a ciki daga fari fari zuwa shunayya, wanda aka gabatar a cikin nau'in inflorescences wide-pyramidal inflorescences, sun hada da kusan tabarau 100 daban-daban. Yana fara yin fure a watan Yuni-Yuli, lokacin da furanni da yawa suka buɗe lokaci guda. Fruiting a watan Agusta, lokacin da mutane da yawa tsaba fara ripen, kuma mai yawa.
Bell peach ganye
Wannan nau'in kararrawa yana da yawa a cikin gandun daji da gefunan daji na Turai, Caucasus da Yammacin Siberiya. Kafin lokacin girma, suna kama da setan ganye na ganyen ganye, wanda daga tsakiyar lokacin bazara mai ƙaramin ƙarfi mai zurfi na cm 60. An yi masa ado da ƙananan ganyayyaki masu layi-lanceolate waɗanda suke da duhu koren launi. A saman saman tushe suna rataye tassels na shuɗi ko furen furanni. An kirkiro daskararrun kwayoyi akan fure, suna da sila-mai fasali-iri-iri, ya kai nisa na 3-3.5 cm. Akwai ra'ayoyin lambun da aka yi wa ado da furanni biyu. Furanni na farko sun buɗe a watan Yuni kuma suna ado shafin har zuwa ƙarshen bazara.
Bayan bushewa, harbe suna fara saitawa a cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa waɗanda ke kama da kwalaye masu dauke da tsaba masu yawa, waɗanda suka isa matakin balaga a watan Agusta-Satumba. Wasu nau'ikan suna da ikon haifuwa ta hanyar seeding. Idan ya cancanta, zaku iya mika fure na wannan nau'in kuma adana kayan adonsu. Don yin wannan, yana da mahimmanci don guje wa zuriya iri, wanda ya wajaba don cire furanni iri iri a cikin lokaci mai dacewa. Don samun tsaba, ana bada shawara don barin samfuran daban daban na ƙwanƙwalin ganye na peach. Hoto na shuka kusan babu bambanci da asali.
Bell Pozharsky
Wannan wakilin dangi galibi yana zaune ne akan tsaunin dutse na Kudancin Turai da Balkans. A lokacin girma samar da matashin kai mai yawa tare da tsayin 15-20 cm, wanda ya haɗu da ganyayyaki masu ƙyalli na zuciya a haɗe tare da ɗakuna masu yawa. Siffar halayyar inflorescences tana da fasali-mai fadi-kamar-fadi, kusan zan-tashi. Furanni na ƙwanƙwasa daga Pozharsky suna da haske mai launi plum-shuɗi.
Kammalawa
Ellararrawa yana ɗayan waɗannan tsire-tsire na ornamental wanda a cikinsu ma an fara jin masu girbin furanni. Wannan inji ba ta da sanannun inflorescences, amma wannan baya rage sha'awar hakan. Kuna iya shuka kararrawa a cikin gidan rani, amma yana da kyau ku zaɓi dace don saukarwa. Kodayake wannan tsire-tsire yana ƙin ƙasa ne, kasancewar hadadden ƙasa mai amfani yana da amfani ga kararrawa. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a kula da kasancewar magudanar ruwa mai inganci, tunda a cikin ƙasa mai narkewa wannan tsiro zai iya mutuwa cikin sauƙi.
